代写Research Paper参考：McDonalds' change process in supply chain management
代写Research Paper参考-麦当劳在供应链管理中的变革过程。本文是一篇本站提供的research paper代写参考范文，主要内容是讲述麦当劳的组织及其供应链管理的变革过程，以在印度市场取得成功。我们首先看一下我们公司的背景和变革的必要性，我们看到了它的优势和劣势。我们还将看到它的主要竞争对手以及他们的表现。在介绍完这一部分之后，我们将看到我们组织中的重要利益相关者，以及他们帮助组织执行变更过程的方式。然后，我们应用了力场模型和科特的三步模型来支持我们的主题。最后，我们使用8步模型来展示我们的组织为了具有竞争力所需要的必要变革。下面就一起来看一下这篇research paper代写范例的具体内容。
Our project is based upon the organization McDonalds and their change process in supply chain management in order to succeed in Indian market. We first look to the background of our company and the need of change them we see its strengths and weaknesses. We will also see its major competitors and how they are doing. After this part is covered we will see the important stakeholders in our organization and the way they have helped the organization to execute the change process. Then we have applied the Force Field Model and 3 step model of Kotter’s to support our topic. And in the end we use 8 Step Model to show the necessary change our organization needs in order to be competitive.
我们的项目基于麦当劳的组织及其供应链管理的变革过程，以在印度市场取得成功。我们首先看一下我们公司的背景和变革的必要性，我们看到了它的优势和劣势。我们还将看到它的主要竞争对手以及他们的表现。在介绍完这一部分之后，我们将看到我们组织中的重要利益相关者，以及他们帮助组织执行变更过程的方式。然后，我们应用了力场模型和科特的三步模型来支持我们的主题。最后，我们使用8步模型来展示我们的组织为了具有竞争力所需要的必要变革。
Introduction 介绍
In today’s world McDonalds is a tantamount in fast food industry. McDonalds is well known and renowned with a good brand image around whole globe. It has 120 restaurants that provide fast food all over the globe serving around fifty-four million customers every day and has its headquarters in US. The McDonalds serves its customers with burgers and other fast food variety products. It also serves other food products like French fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken Nuggets and Egg McMuffin. It has a viewpoint of providing one world with one burger. It does maintain a very high standard in price and quality issues. Its name is the biggest in the world in fast food industry.
在当今世界，麦当劳在快餐业是一个不同凡响的存在。麦当劳以其良好的品牌形象享誉全球。它在全球有120家提供快餐的餐厅，每天为约5400万顾客提供服务，总部设在美国。麦当劳为顾客提供汉堡和其他各种快餐产品。它还提供其他食品，如炸薯条、巨无霸、四分之一磅、鸡块和蛋松饼。它的观点是为一个世界提供一个汉堡。它在价格和质量问题上确实保持着很高的标准。它的名字是世界上最大的快餐业。
The reason why I have selected McDonalds for change management process is because they are such vast and huge and do maintain a high standard that requires a very good supply chain management. Thus the change process of supply chain management will help them Hazard
我之所以选择麦当劳进行变革管理，是因为它们规模巨大，确实保持着高标准，需要非常好的供应链管理。因此，供应链管理的变革过程将有助于他们Hazard
Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) which is a systematic approach of saving them from food wastage. Controlling this can help them maintain good food and quality with pricing issue in the India.
分析关键控制点（HACCP）是一种系统的方法，可以避免食品浪费。控制这种情况可以帮助他们在印度保持良好的食品和质量，同时解决价格问题。
Task 1 （a）任务1（a）
Discuss the background to change that exists in today’s economy that motivated your organisation to consider Change.
讨论当今经济中存在的变革背景，这些背景促使您的组织考虑变革。
In today’s world all fast food industries want to have good service providing hygienic food with affordable price at good quality. In order to maintain this circumstance all fast food industry wants to have a very good inventory management. During the past few decades because of globalization, information technology and outsourcing have changed the way in which we look and maintain inventory. Traditionally the companies would focus on supply network inputs and outputs of the process. But because of globalization supply change management has been drastically been changed with concepts of Just in time, lead management and Agile manufacturing which has helped to reduce communication costs and transaction costs.
在当今世界，所有快餐业都希望提供优质服务，提供价格实惠、质量上乘的卫生食品。为了维持这种情况，所有快餐业都希望有一个很好的库存管理。在过去的几十年里，由于全球化，信息技术和外包改变了我们查看和维护库存的方式。传统上，公司将专注于供应网络的输入和输出过程。但由于全球化，供应变革管理已经发生了巨大的变化，及时交货、提前期管理和敏捷制造的概念有助于降低沟通成本和交易成本。
Hence McDonalds went for similar concept of using functions of supply change management. With McDonalds having such a vast reach globally needed to maintain its supply chain management and quality issues. By doing so they saved their costs considerably. Today’s supply chain management also contains concepts of customer relation management, Procurement, Product development and commercialization, Manufacturing flow management/support and many more which help the company maintaining good supply chain management in order to work efficiently.
因此，麦当劳采用了类似的概念，使用供应变化管理的功能。麦当劳在全球拥有如此广泛的影响力，需要维持其供应链管理和质量问题。通过这样做，他们大大节省了成本。今天的供应链管理还包括客户关系管理、采购、产品开发和商业化、制造流程管理/支持等概念，这些概念有助于公司保持良好的供应链，以便高效工作。
Thus by following all these concepts of supply chain management McDonalds felt that they would grow at a faster rate with saving a lots of cash and getting more effective and efficient in Indian Market. In order to maintain successful supply chain management maintaining change would help them grow bigger and better. By following the method SCM and its quality management function of it has given them earn great profits in Indian Market.
因此，通过遵循所有这些供应链管理概念，麦当劳认为他们将以更快的速度增长，节省大量现金，并在印度市场变得更加有效和高效。为了保持供应链管理的成功，保持变革将有助于他们成长得更大更好。通过遵循供应链管理方法及其质量管理功能，他们在印度市场上获得了巨大的利润。
Task 1(b) 任务1（b）
Theoretically Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucratic organizations
从理论上评估官僚组织的优势和劣势
Strengths of McDonalds 麦当劳的优势
McDonalds has many advantages this is simply because it is the one of the oldest fast food industry which has a good reputation all over the world. Also the brand name of McDonalds is very good this is because of its specifications in providing fast food items. With McDonalds providing burgers, French fries, etc. and many more items which are well known and loved by the customers all over the world. It does also posses good staff and very good management team which is their strength. It also offers its customer with choice, at reasonable price and superb service.
麦当劳有很多优点，这仅仅是因为它是最古老的快餐业之一，在世界各地都享有良好的声誉。麦当劳的品牌名称也很好，这是因为它在提供快餐方面的规格。麦当劳提供汉堡、薯条等，以及更多为世界各地顾客所熟知和喜爱的商品。它也拥有优秀的员工和非常优秀的管理团队，这是他们的优势。它还以合理的价格和一流的服务为客户提供选择。
Also it is spread over all geographic locations of the world with a reputation of maintaining good quality and price. It does provide meals to its customers in different parts of globe according to the taste of the local people with its burgers and fries. Their innovation helps them in maintaining good customer relations and retaining them. Each and every McDonalds restaurant has duplication and systemization of products. They also serve only branded items like Dannon yogurt, Craft cheese, Nestle chocolate and many more.
此外，它还分布在世界各地，以保持良好的质量和价格而闻名。它确实根据当地人的口味为全球不同地区的顾客提供汉堡和薯条。他们的创新有助于他们保持良好的客户关系并留住他们。每家麦当劳餐厅都有重复和系统化的产品。他们还只提供品牌产品，如丹农酸奶、Craft奶酪、雀巢巧克力等。
McDonalds does provide a very good standard all over the world and it is been choose by the customers as their first priority to eat in a fast food restaurant. As it maintains a good standard all over the world it does enjoy in implementing changes very effectively. McDonalds has been ranked number one by Fortune magazine in years like 2005, 2008 and many more. Packard’s children hospital centre has mentioned that Children aged between 3 and 5 years choose to have food at McDonalds. They are also successful in adapting local cultures in different countries they have their restaurants. Their business operates around 87% of franchises and they are the number franchised company.
麦当劳在世界各地都提供了非常好的标准，它被顾客选为他们在快餐店用餐的第一要务。由于它在世界各地都保持着良好的标准，它确实非常有效地实施了变革。麦当劳在2005年、2008年等许多年都被《财富》杂志评为第一。帕卡德的儿童医院中心提到，3至5岁的儿童选择在麦当劳用餐。他们还成功地适应了不同国家的当地文化——他们有自己的餐厅。他们的业务经营着约87%的特许经营权，是特许经营权最多的公司。
Weakness of McDonalds 麦当劳的弱点
Although being the most well known an trusted fast food industry their experiment of starting pizza failed and they were not able to compete with other fast food pizza operating chains. Since then they have never tried to compete for pizza’s. Every year there is a high employee turnover because of training given to their employees. Also they have made no entries into organic food categories. There core products are out of line and do not match the healthier lifestyles for adults and teenagers because it focuses mainly on burgers and fast food items.
尽管他们是最知名、最值得信赖的快餐行业，但他们创办披萨的实验失败了，无法与其他快餐披萨连锁店竞争。从那以后，他们再也没有尝试过争夺披萨。由于对员工进行培训，每年的员工流动率都很高。此外，他们没有进入有机食品类别。这些核心产品不符合成年人和青少年更健康的生活方式，因为它主要专注于汉堡和快餐。
As McDonalds is 87% been managed by their Franchises and hence there is always a problem of quality control. As all franchise do not keep the quality maintained by the McDonalds. Also their relations with their investors are not been very good this is because of fluctuating operating and net profits over time. Every year there is a vast change in their income and thus its relations with its investors is not that good. As most of its restaurants are owned and managed by other man and woman there is big difference in standardization of products and price at which products are been served.
由于麦当劳87%由其特许经营商管理，因此质量控制总是存在问题。因为所有的特许经营都无法保持麦当劳所保持的质量。此外，他们与投资者的关系也不太好，这是因为随着时间的推移，运营和净利润波动。他们的收入每年都有巨大的变化，因此与投资者的关系并不是那么好。由于它的大多数餐厅都是由其他男性和女性拥有和管理的，所以在产品标准化和服务价格方面存在很大差异。
Task 1 c) 任务1 c）
Theoretically compare alternative forms of organizational development.
从理论上比较组织发展的替代形式。
There are many more companies that are doing very good business in fast food industry. They are as follows KFC, Pizza Hut, Burger King etc. from all these companies McDonald faces toughest competition from KFC as their main focus is on fried Chicken items itself. KFC is world’s most popular chicken restaurant in the world. It has specialized extra crispy, grilled chicken, spicy wings, recipe strips and home- made chicken sandwiches. KFC owner Colonel started a concept of finger liking goods with 11 herbs and spices to start Kentucky Fried Chicken.
有更多的公司在快餐行业做得很好。它们分别是肯德基、必胜客、汉堡王等。在所有这些公司中，麦当劳面临着来自肯德基的最激烈竞争，因为他们的主要关注点是炸鸡本身。肯德基是世界上最受欢迎的鸡肉餐厅。它有专门的特脆烤鸡、辣鸡翅、食谱条和自制鸡肉三明治。肯德基（KFC）的老板上校（Colonel）创立了一个概念，用11种香草和香料制作手指喜欢的商品，创立了肯德基（Kentucky Fried Chicken）。
KFC was introduced in UK in the year 1965 first US quick chain restaurant to be get started in UK. It operates around more than 700 KFC restaurants around UK and Ireland. KFC spends around 202 million pounds for its famous coating. Every day around 12 million customer around 109 countries of the globe are been served by KFC. It has around 5200 restaurants in US alone and operates more than 16,200 restaurants around the world. Recently it has reached a mark off 2.4 billion sales per year and has made increased profits around 25% in recent years.
肯德基于1965年在英国推出，这是美国第一家在英国开业的快餐连锁餐厅。它在英国和爱尔兰经营着大约700多家肯德基餐厅。肯德基花费约2.02亿英镑购买其著名的涂层。肯德基每天为全球109个国家约1200万名顾客提供服务。仅在美国，它就拥有约5200家餐厅，在全球经营着16200多家餐厅。最近，它的年销售额达到了24亿，近年来利润增长了约25%。
McDonalds other competitor in fast food industry is Pizza Hut which was started by Frank and Dan Carney in 1950’s. As the name suggest Pizza hut specializes in making pizza’s all over the world currently operating around 10,000 and more restaurants in about more than 90 countries. It has around 6500 online ordering locations from which customers can get their pizza. Their pan pizza is been loved by all pizza eaters all over the world. And they offer yummy pizza with cheese which is been loved by all. Although McDonalds had tries to enter its shoes when they had started a similar concept to start giving Pizza’s in their own restaurants but they failed as they were not able to maintain it the way Pizza hut does.
麦当劳在快餐业的另一个竞争对手是必胜客，它是弗兰克和丹·卡尼在20世纪50年代创办的。顾名思义，必胜客在世界各地专门生产披萨，目前在大约90多个国家经营着大约10000多家餐厅。它有大约6500个在线订购点，顾客可以从那里获得披萨。他们的平底披萨受到全世界所有吃披萨的人的喜爱。他们提供美味的披萨配奶酪，深受所有人的喜爱。尽管麦当劳在开始类似的概念，开始在自己的餐厅里提供披萨时，也曾尝试过进入自己的位置，但他们失败了，因为他们无法像必胜客那样维持它。
Task 2(a) 任务2（a）
Identify the key Stakeholders in your organisation and Develop systems to involve those stakeholders in the introduction of change.
确定组织中的关键利益相关者，并开发系统，让这些利益相关者参与变革的引入。
In McDonald’s business the key stakeholders are customers, business partners, employees and opinion leaders. Customers are the person’s who buy McDonald’s food items they range from very young to extremely old individuals. Business partners include both suppliers and other franchises. Employees are the person’s working in KFC and are a key part of the business as all duties of execution are in their hand. Opinion leaders are those groups of people that generate ideas for the business. They are media person, health professionals, environmental groups and other government.
在麦当劳的业务中，主要利益相关者是客户、业务合作伙伴、员工和意见领袖。顾客是购买麦当劳食品的人，他们的年龄从很小到很老。商业合作伙伴包括供应商和其他特许经营权。员工是在肯德基工作的人，是业务的关键部分，因为所有执行职责都在他们手中。意见领袖是那些为企业产生想法的群体。他们是媒体人、卫生专业人员、环保组织和其他政府机构。
In India more than 50,000 Crore of food is been wasted every year because of lack of storage facilities and also because of transportation. With McDonalds aim to provide quality products to Indian people served at McDonalds they introduced the concept of “Cold Chain” which was been revised from supply chain management which was decision of stakeholders of McDonalds operating its restaurants in India. SCM is flow of materials from suppliers and all their upstream suppliers at all level, transformation of products into semi-finished goods and distribution of these goods to customers and their downstream at all levels. It operates around 20 quality checks in order to provide good quality of products to its customers in Cold Chain process of Supply chain management.
在印度，由于缺乏储存设施和运输，每年有超过50000亿的粮食被浪费。由于麦当劳的目标是为在麦当劳服务的印度人提供优质产品，他们引入了“冷链”的概念，该概念是从供应链管理中修订而来的，供应链管理是麦当劳在印度经营餐厅的利益相关者的决定。供应链管理是指各级供应商及其所有上游供应商的物料流，将产品转化为半成品，并将这些商品分销给各级客户及其下游。它进行了大约20次质量检查，以便在供应链管理的冷链过程中为客户提供高质量的产品。
In India all these stakeholders played an important role in managing supply chain management. McDonalds was always been looking to sourcing its major business requirements from suppliers and farmers. They always looked forward to maintain a good relationship with the local businesses which resulted and ensured its success is mirrored by its suppliers in India. They looked to those important stakeholders like suppliers who were keen in providing customers with high quality products to customers. With McDonalds looking for local business partners for its business in order to provide food is a very good opportunity for these local businesses to increase its businesses.
在印度，所有这些利益相关者在管理供应链管理方面发挥了重要作用。麦当劳一直在寻求从供应商和农民那里采购其主要业务需求。他们一直期待着与当地企业保持良好的关系，并确保其在印度的供应商反映出其成功。他们关注那些重要的利益相关者，如热衷于为客户提供高质量产品的供应商。麦当劳正在为其业务寻找当地商业合作伙伴，以提供食品，这对这些当地企业来说是一个增加业务的好机会。
Task 2(b) 任务2（b）
Analyse and evaluate these systems which you had used to involve the key stakeholder in change process.
分析和评估这些系统，您曾使用这些系统让关键利益相关者参与到变更过程中。
In our system of SCM at McDonalds in Indian market the involvement of key Stakeholders like suppliers and customers is very important from making decision how to manage the inventory and how do the supplies for products need to be arranged and what kind of menu should be placed according to the taste of the Indian public. In order to implement the change in the SCM process McDonalds selected the “Cold Chain” process for Indian Market and there was a keen part played by all the stakeholders on each and every process. Main steps that are been involved in Cold Chain are procurement, warehousing, transportation and retailing.
在我们印度市场麦当劳的供应链管理系统中，供应商和客户等关键利益相关者的参与对于决定如何管理库存、如何安排产品供应以及根据印度公众的口味放置什么样的菜单非常重要。为了实现供应链管理流程的变革，麦当劳为印度市场选择了“冷链”流程，所有利益相关者在每个流程中都发挥了积极作用。冷链涉及的主要步骤是采购、仓储、运输和零售。
The process of cold chain was very effective and essential for specially a market like India because it integrates food products from its suppliers and are been stored and transported in a standard manner in order to maintain products freshness and keep up the nutrition value of it. In Cold chain suppliers play an important role with the help of advanced technology in order to maintain good state of food. The supply chain management from its suppliers to warehouse and finally from the distribution channel to its stores was been maintained in by the concept of
冷链过程非常有效，对印度这样的市场来说非常重要，因为它整合了供应商的食品，并以标准的方式储存和运输，以保持产品的新鲜度和营养价值。在冷链中，供应商在先进技术的帮助下发挥着重要作用，以保持食品的良好状态。从供应商到仓库，最后从分销渠道到门店的供应链管理一直由
“Cold Chain”. It considers all steps of SCM and keeps the food items at a controlled temperature.
“冷链”。它考虑了供应链管理的所有步骤，并将食品保持在受控的温度下。
The food items that are been served at restaurants in Indian McDonalds on daily basis were to be kept under the temperature between -18°Censisu to 4°Censius. Almost every product in the warehouse and during transportation should be kept under these temperatures for quality issues. If the quality of these food products is not been maintained them it would damage the reputation of the company. And hence strict rules and very skilled people are been employed in order to carry all these tasks.
印度麦当劳餐厅每天供应的食物应保持在-18°Censisu至4°Censius之间的温度下。由于质量问题，仓库和运输过程中的几乎每一种产品都应保持在这些温度下。如果这些食品的质量得不到保证，就会损害公司的声誉。因此，为了完成所有这些任务，雇佣了严格的规则和非常熟练的人员。
Hence McDonald’s stakeholders from supplier, distributors, employees and franchises made a good decision in order for the goods to be stored and transported properly and with a good standard. Also the necessary temperatures were maintained to provide the customers with a good food. Technology helped the business in order to maintain proper functioning of all stages of qualitative SCM. Thus, Cold Chain function of SCM (supply change management) helped the Stakeholders at McDonalds India to provide a system that would help them to generate profits by maintaining a good quality of products been served at their restaurants.
因此，来自供应商、分销商、员工和特许经营权的麦当劳利益相关者做出了一个良好的决定，以便以良好的标准正确储存和运输商品。此外，还保持了必要的温度，为顾客提供了美味的食物。技术帮助企业维持了质量供应链管理各个阶段的正常运作。因此，供应链管理（SCM）的冷链功能帮助印度麦当劳的利益相关者提供了一个系统，该系统将帮助他们通过保持餐厅提供的产品的良好质量来产生利润。
Task 3(a) 任务3（a）
Identify number of appropriate models for change that suites your organisation.
确定适合您的组织的适当变革模型的数量。
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS (DRIVING FORCES/ RESTIRTCING FORCES) on McDonalds 麦当劳的力场分析（驱动力/再驱动力）
McDonalds supply chain process of Cold Chain was been followed in order to maintain change which would help them to be successful in Indian Continent. But in order to achieve it there are a number of driving forces that conflicting with restraining forces that go against it. For McDonalds to achieve success the driving force was adopting Cold Chain process of SCM that would help them gain success and conflicting with them was to maintain good quality that was tough to achieve in India. But to change the way in which they operate their business they had to maintain quality with supply chain management. This was been achieved by following these key steps:
麦当劳遵循了冷链的供应链流程，以保持变革，帮助他们在印度大陆取得成功。但为了实现这一目标，有许多驱动力与反对它的制约力相冲突。麦当劳取得成功的驱动力是采用供应链管理的冷链流程，这将帮助他们取得成功，而与之冲突的是保持在印度难以实现的良好质量。但为了改变他们经营业务的方式，他们必须通过供应链管理来保持质量。这是通过以下关键步骤实现的：
Investigate the balance of power involved in an issue: The change process was to outsource its suppliers in India and also to maintain good food quality for its restaurants. This was been achieved by the process of Cold Chain in which standard temperatures were been maintained in order to achieve quality food products by the use of effective technology.
调查一个问题所涉及的权力平衡：变革过程是将其在印度的供应商外包，同时也为其餐厅保持良好的食品质量。这是通过冷链过程实现的，在冷链过程中保持标准温度，以便通过使用有效的技术获得高质量的食品。
Identify the key stakeholders on the issue: The key stakeholders in our business are the customers, business partners, employees and opinion leaders. Customers are the people who are going to consume our products they range from young individuals to old age group. Business partners are the business partners and Franchises. Employees are those people that are going to work in our esteemed organization to maintain all its standards. And opinion leaders are government, media etc.
确定问题上的关键利益相关者：我们业务中的关键利益攸关者是客户、业务合作伙伴、员工和意见领袖。客户是将要消费我们产品的人，他们从年轻人到老年人都有。商业合作伙伴是商业合作伙伴和特许经营。员工是那些将在我们尊敬的组织中工作以保持其所有标准的人。舆论领袖是政府、媒体等。
Identify opponents and allies: The major opponents of McDonalds are US fast food industry such as KFC, Pizza Hut, and Burger King. Amongst all these they face toughest competition from KFC as their main target is providing customers with Fried Crispy Chicken. And pizza hut specializing in providing Crispy pizzas. Both KFC and Pizza Hut have more than 10,000 restaurants around more than 90 countries in the world. As per the allies of McDonalds they have many Franchises in counties they operate their business.
识别对手和盟友：麦当劳的主要对手是美国快餐业，如肯德基、必胜客和汉堡王。在所有这些中，他们面临着来自肯德基的最激烈竞争，因为他们的主要目标是为顾客提供炸脆皮鸡。还有专门提供脆皮披萨的必胜客。肯德基和必胜客在全球90多个国家都有超过10000家餐厅。根据麦当劳的盟友，他们在经营业务的县有许多特许经营店。
Identify how to influence the target groups: According to McDonalds approach they approach to local suppliers in each country they operate their business and maintain a good relationship with them. Their main focus is to outsource all parts of their products in the countries they operate. While outsourcing all its products and maintain good relationship with them suppliers they can easily enter the market with changing their Menu according to the taste of the local people and thus enjoying profits.
确定如何影响目标群体：根据麦当劳的方法，他们与每个国家的当地供应商接触，并与他们保持良好的关系。他们的主要关注点是将其产品的所有部件外包到他们经营的国家。在外包所有产品并与供应商保持良好关系的同时，他们可以很容易地进入市场，根据当地人的口味更改菜单，从而享受利润。
THE 3 STEP MODEL on McDonalds 麦当劳的三步模式
By the use of Lewin’s 3 Step Model we are going to see the change process that McDonalds followed in order to enter the Indian Market successfully. McDonalds approach to achieve quality management in India through supply chain management process function of Cold Chain. By successful implementation of Cold Chain and key decisions made by stakeholders in outsourcing supplies were some key decisions that helped them achieve success in Indian market.
通过使用勒温的三步模型，我们将看到麦当劳成功进入印度市场所遵循的变革过程。麦当劳的方法是通过冷链的供应链管理流程功能在印度实现质量管理。通过冷链的成功实施和利益相关者在外包供应方面做出的关键决策，帮助他们在印度市场取得了成功。
Stage 1: Unfreeze
第1阶段：解冻
The first step to achieve change in Indian market was to study the Indian market and the lifestyle that was been followed by the people living in there. The first key step by McDonalds to start its business in India with change in way they operate was to outsource their supplies to local suppliers. They did so because local Indians knew the taste and choice of people which helped the McDonalds to prepare menu accordingly. The supply change was a key factor in Indian market because every year around 50,000 Crore worth of food was been wasted. To change this factor effectively it was very important in the way that McDonalds would set its Supply chain management. As they had a world -wide tag of being quality providing fast food company. And if this was not been handheld properly it would affect them diversely.
改变印度市场的第一步是研究印度市场以及生活在那里的人们所遵循的生活方式。麦当劳改变经营方式，在印度开展业务的第一个关键步骤是将供应外包给当地供应商。他们这样做是因为当地印度人知道人们的口味和选择，这有助于麦当劳相应地准备菜单。供应变化是印度市场的一个关键因素，因为每年大约有价值5亿卢比的食品被浪费。为了有效地改变这一因素，麦当劳制定供应链管理的方式非常重要。因为他们在全球范围内都有提供优质快餐的标签。如果这不是正确的手持设备，它会对他们产生不同的影响。
In order to come out of this they followed a simple function of supply chain management called as “Cold Chain” which helped them to maintain procurement, warehousing, transportation and retailing of their food products effectively. The change had to be supported by the technology in order to maintain products under normal temperature. In India to maintain such a level of quality was very difficult but McDonalds was successful for finding such suppliers who would provide their customers with the best product with best quality.
为了摆脱这种局面，他们遵循了一种被称为“冷链”的简单供应链管理功能，这有助于他们有效地维持食品的采购、仓储、运输和零售。为了将产品保持在正常温度下，这一变化必须得到技术的支持。在印度，保持这样的质量水平是非常困难的，但麦当劳成功地找到了这样的供应商，他们将为客户提供最好的产品和最好的质量。
Stage 2: Transition
第2阶段：过渡
Once the supply chain managements function “Cold Chain” was been adopted it was very necessary for McDonalds to approach the right suppliers that would provide them with good quality products and also maintain a very strong relationship with them in the upcoming future. Also they needed to check that the state of their warehouse was in a perfect condition in order for them to store their food products. Drip and sprinkler irrigation in raised farm beds with fertilizer mixing plant. It was not only the condition of warehouse in which the products were kept but it was to maintain those food products at the right temperature so that they are not been destroyed or been damaged. Pre-cooling room and a large cold room for post harvest handling. If so happened then it would cost them great losses.
一旦供应链管理职能“冷链”被采用，麦当劳就非常有必要找到合适的供应商，为他们提供优质产品，并在未来与他们保持非常牢固的关系。此外，他们还需要检查仓库的状态是否完美，以便储存食品。在带肥料混合厂的凸起农田中进行滴灌和喷灌。这不仅是储存产品的仓库条件，而且是为了将这些食品保持在合适的温度下，以免它们被破坏或损坏。预冷室和用于收割后处理的大型冷藏室。如果发生这种情况，他们将遭受巨大损失。
After the food products were been properly stored at the warehouse the next stage was to safely take them back to stores when they were required. Once they were been off from warehouse and been getting transported in refrigerated trucks would help them to keep the right temperature. It was to be maintained properly so that they were not been spoiled during transportation. And also they had to make sure that they were been stocked properly in the stores at right temperature so that they could be of good quality. With good use of technology all these was been achieved by the McDonalds when they started their business in Indian Market.
食品在仓库中正确储存后，下一阶段是在需要时安全地将其带回仓库。一旦它们从仓库出来，用冷藏车运输，将有助于它们保持合适的温度。应妥善维护，以免在运输过程中损坏。此外，他们还必须确保在合适的温度下在商店里正确储存，这样才能保证它们的质量。当麦当劳在印度市场开始营业时，他们很好地利用了技术，实现了所有这些。
Although the change in supply chain management was totally different of the way in which McDonalds would do their business in other parts of the world. To get everything right at the first did took them time but they were successful in maintaining it. The most important factor for McDonalds was to get right people to be employed in their stores that could handle all type of customers and that would be able to solve and reply to customers efficiently. But at the end it was McDonalds that was able to achieve all that it wanted by taking SCM’s Cold Chain concept for its business organizations.
尽管供应链管理的变化与麦当劳在世界其他地区开展业务的方式完全不同。为了一开始就把一切都做好，他们确实花了时间，但他们成功地维持了下来。对麦当劳来说，最重要的因素是让合适的人在他们的商店里工作，能够处理所有类型的客户，并能够有效地解决和回复客户。但最终，麦当劳通过将供应链管理的冷链概念应用于其商业组织，实现了其想要的一切。
Stage 3: Refreeze
第3阶段：重新冷冻
With McDonalds able to achieve success with its “Cold Chain” management process was done step by step. In beginning they were did well but as time went on they were able to better all their departments of supply chain management. They then were able to get good deals with suppliers and were able to force them to get food products as they were so big that suppliers could not effort to lose them. As McDonalds went buzzing with its Indian Menu that was made according to Indian people taste. They were able to get better people wanting to work with them and seek a better future with them.
麦当劳能够凭借其“冷链”管理流程一步一步取得成功。一开始他们做得很好，但随着时间的推移，他们能够更好地管理供应链的所有部门。然后，他们能够与供应商达成良好的交易，并能够迫使他们获得食品，因为它们太大了，供应商无法努力失去它们。麦当劳推出了根据印度人口味制作的印度菜单。他们能够找到更好的人，希望与他们一起工作，并与他们一起寻求更美好的未来。
Thus it was able to achieve considerable increase after their initial success helped them to control quality and all hygiene factors that were important to their image which was been placed in minds of every individual all over the world. Technology to maintain and keep up all aspects of their business was also a critical success factor.
因此，在他们最初的成功帮助他们控制了质量和所有对他们的形象很重要的卫生因素后，它能够实现相当大的增长，这一形象在全世界每个人的心目中都很重要。维护和保持业务各个方面的技术也是一个关键的成功因素。
Task 3(b) 任务3（b）
How would you go ahead in implementing one or more model(s) in your chosen organisation and what improvements do you expect to achieve by implementing your chosen model(s).
你将如何在你选择的组织中实施一个或多个模式，以及你希望通过实施你选择的模式实现哪些改进。
For our organization I would prefer 8 Step change Model for the following reasons:
对于我们的组织，我更喜欢8步变更模式，原因如下：
Step One: Create Urgency 第一步：创造紧迫感
The McDonalds wanted to change the way they operated their supply chain management in India because they saw India as a good market for their fast food industry and with a good supply change management they could earn massive profits with local taste. Indian market was been seen as a mass market an in order to achieve success in India they needed to pull out a good combination of market mix and supply chain to succeed.
麦当劳希望改变他们在印度的供应链管理方式，因为他们认为印度是他们快餐业的一个好市场，通过良好的供应变化管理，他们可以从当地口味中赚取巨额利润。印度市场被视为一个大众市场，为了在印度取得成功，他们需要将市场组合和供应链结合起来才能取得成功。
Step Two: Form a Powerful Coalition 第二步：组建一个强大的联盟
Before making the inroads into Indian market there was a good research made about the Indian market and likes of the people. McDonalds wanted to grow its reach all over the world and in order to succeed in India they did require a good relationship with local suppliers from the beginning to launch fast food restaurants in India. Although this was not easy and they had to spent a lot of money and resources to understand the taste of Indian people and their lifestyle. But with a contract with suppliers to help them from beginning and outsource all products helped them make good inroads.
在进军印度市场之前，对印度市场和人们进行了很好的研究。麦当劳希望扩大其在世界各地的影响力，为了在印度取得成功，他们从一开始就需要与当地供应商建立良好的关系，才能在印度推出快餐店。尽管这并不容易，他们不得不花费大量的金钱和资源来了解印度人的品味和生活方式。但通过与供应商签订合同，从一开始就帮助他们，并将所有产品外包，帮助他们取得了良好的进展。
Step Three: Create a Vision for Change 第三步：创造变革愿景
With the Vision to outsource all its products in India and to have good channel with agricultural farmers was a key step bringing a change to their business in Indian market. This vision to change their supply chain management through a process of Cold Chain in which all food products should be kept under -18 degree census to 4 degree census was their main Vision operating change to their business.
愿景是将其在印度的所有产品外包，并与农业农民建立良好的渠道，这是改变他们在印度市场业务的关键一步。通过冷链过程改变供应链管理的愿景是他们业务的主要愿景，在冷链过程中，所有食品都应保持在-18摄氏度至4摄氏度的普查之下。
Step Four: Communicate the Vision 第四步：传达愿景
With the vision of having a good relationship with suppliers who are looking forward to provide good food products to its customers and maintaining standard temperatures for their food products on daily basis was their day to day strategy. With providing good supply chain meant there would be no waste of food products and close relationship with suppliers would help them to understand local tastes so that they could make Menu’s as per the taste of local crowds. Especially in Indian market where every year around 50,000 Crore of food is been wasted this was a good plan to start communicating with.
他们的日常战略是与希望向客户提供优质食品的供应商建立良好关系，并每天保持食品的标准温度。提供良好的供应链意味着不会浪费食品，与供应商的密切关系将有助于他们了解当地的口味，以便他们能够根据当地人群的口味制作菜单。尤其是在印度市场，每年大约有5万吨食物被浪费，这是一个很好的开始沟通的计划。
Step Five: Remove Obstacles 第五步：消除障碍
After the successful implementation of its processed function of Cold Chain McDonalds was able to maintain food products at a standard temperature at which they would not be spoiled and good relationship with suppliers would maintain good day to day operation of their business. Although maintaining those suppliers for longer period and also maintaining a good skilled employed that would understand at what temperatures the food products should be preserved was very important. But they were successful in executing both functions properly by maintaining good relations with suppliers and recruiting and providing training to employees that could carry day to day operations of business properly and moving with great guns.
在成功实施其冷链加工功能后，麦当劳能够将食品保持在标准温度下，使其不会变质，与供应商的良好关系将保持其业务的良好日常运营。尽管保持这些供应商更长的时间，并保持一名熟练的员工，了解食品应该在什么温度下保存，这是非常重要的。但他们成功地履行了这两项职能，与供应商保持了良好的关系，并为员工招聘和提供了培训，使其能够正常开展日常业务，并能顺利开展业务。
Step Six: Create Short-term Wins 第六步：创造短期胜利
Although the way that McDonalds had targeted Indian market for its fast food chain was long term but its short term goals like selecting right suppliers and employing and training skilled people for its day to day operations when they would began their fast food restaurants was very important. With its short term plan to cut out on food waste while transporting and employing right people with good skills gave the company great boosting success with its intro in Indian market. The help they got from suppliers to understand taste of local people in introducing Menu’s according to local tastes was important. And a long term goal to succeed in all departments.
尽管麦当劳为其快餐连锁店瞄准印度市场的方式是长期的，但其短期目标非常重要，比如选择合适的供应商，在他们开设快餐店时为其日常运营雇佣和培训技术人员。该公司的短期计划是减少食物浪费，同时运输和雇佣具有良好技能的合适人员，这使该公司在印度市场的引入取得了巨大的成功。供应商帮助他们了解当地人的口味，根据当地口味推出Menu’s，这一点很重要。以及在所有部门取得成功的长期目标。
Step Seven: Build on the Change 第七步：建立在变革的基础上
The McDonalds should keep on developing their business by introducing more restaurants and developing relations with more suppliers in order to be the fast food giant in Indian Market and put KFC, Pizza Hut and some local fast food chains like Dominos pizza and many more. E advanced technologies should be placed at workforce to provide its employees with latest machines to serve the customers on the till. They should keep in touch of the taste of the local people as the environment changes with the changing taste of people and their lifestyle. And should always try to provide customers with good deals that they would be satisfied and maintain their loyalty towards the McDonalds in India.
麦当劳应该继续发展业务，引进更多的餐厅，与更多的供应商发展关系，以成为印度市场的快餐巨头，并推出肯德基、必胜客和一些当地快餐连锁店，如多明诺披萨等。E应在员工队伍中采用先进技术，为员工提供最新的机器，为收银台上的客户提供服务。当环境随着人们的品味和生活方式的变化而变化时，他们应该与当地人的品味保持联系。并且应该始终努力为顾客提供他们满意的好交易，并保持他们对印度麦当劳的忠诚度。
Step Eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture 第八步：锚定企业文化的变革
Although McDonalds has expanded its business in more than 109 countries but it still follows its basic burgers and French fries to its customers all over the world. They might have different Menu’s in different countries to support the taste of the people but they have always kept their basic food items and also culture all over the globe to be the number fast food company.
尽管麦当劳已经在109多个国家扩大了业务，但它仍然向世界各地的客户提供基本的汉堡和薯条。他们可能在不同的国家有不同的菜单来支持人们的口味，但他们一直保留着自己的基本食物，并在全球范围内保持着成为头号快餐公司的文化。
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