国外专业机构手把手教会留学生写Business Dissertation
How to Write a Business Dissertation
本文的重点是准备和撰写一篇关于所研究主题的学术性和信息性商业论文所需的步骤。
有许多“如何做研究指南”可用于支持商业论文的准备。然而，除非在正式和连贯的研究提案中提供初步基础，否则这些指南毫无用处。商业论文的主要目的很简单；它充其量支持了一个以前从未从这个特定角度探讨过的主题的基本原理。特别是提供信息和加强学术意见。
This assignment focuses what steps are necessary to prepare and write a business dissertation that is both academic and informative about the subject matter being researched.
There are many ‘how to do research guides’ available to support preparing a business dissertation. However, unless preliminary groundwork is presented in a formal and coherent research proposal these guides, are of no use. The primary objective to a business dissertation is simple; its supports at best a rationale of a subject that has not been explored at that particular angle previously. Specifically informing and enhancing academic opinion.
The proposal for a business dissertation is the first stage of many, in that it is this informative document that will assist both in choosing or appointing a research supervisor and moreover, ensuring that the research hypothesis is focused enough to support coherent research. This crucial stage if not followed carefully will loose the researcher valuable time and effort.
商业论文的提案是许多论文的第一阶段，因为正是这份信息丰富的文件将有助于选择或任命研究主管，此外，还将确保研究假设足够集中，以支持连贯的研究。如果不认真遵循这一关键阶段，研究人员将失去宝贵的时间和精力。
Once the supervisor and the academic board who will assess the final business dissertation accept the coherent proposal, the researcher can commence their work. Each institution will have its own guidance for preparing, time period and manner in which research business dissertations are prepared and presented. But in most cases it will start with a proposal document that contains a realistic timetable.
一旦将评估最终商业论文的导师和学术委员会接受了一致的建议，研究人员就可以开始他们的工作了。每个机构都有自己的指导方针，包括准备和提交研究商业学位论文的时间段和方式。但在大多数情况下，它将从一份包含现实时间表的提案文件开始。
The proposal for a research business dissertation will be the guiding document for the work to follow a careful and constructive pattern. The most important outset decision for the researcher will be the methodology. This can depending on the length of the business dissertation, be either, qualitative, quantitative or a mix of both.
商业研究论文的提案将是工作遵循谨慎和建设性模式的指导文件。对研究人员来说，最重要的开始决定将是方法论。这可能取决于商业论文的长度，可以是定性的、定量的，也可以是两者的混合。
Consideration of each method will depend upon the subject matter. If one is to consider primary and secondary documentary research then the dissertation will follow a qualitative method. If questionnaires, or some format of numerical data gathering is used this would be quantitative. If both were to be used, they would be analytically balanced.
对每种方法的考虑将取决于主题。如果要考虑初级和次级文献研究，那么本文将采用定性方法。如果使用问卷或某种形式的数字数据收集，这将是定量的。如果两者都使用，它们在分析上是平衡的。
Most researchers would commence with a review of current academic and professional literature, using in the main, journals, conference papers and academic texts. This will afford the researcher a depth of current academic thinking that will inform their own dissertation findings and if possible add to, or change current academic opinions. It is crucial at this interesting stage to ensure that sound referencing is maintained. Card indexes, computerised listing of the works considered is essential for the write up stage. In fact, starting the bibliography early is a sound decision, as this is often the area that may researchers find difficult when left to the very end. Moreover, keeping a ‘research trail’ is a good idea, especially if you are working on a business dissertation exceeding 10,000 word or more.
大多数研究人员会从审查当前的学术和专业文献开始，主要使用期刊、会议论文和学术文本。这将使研究人员深入了解当前的学术思想，为他们自己的论文发现提供信息，并在可能的情况下增加或改变当前的学术观点。在这个有趣的阶段，确保保持良好的参考是至关重要的。卡片索引、所考虑作品的计算机列表对于写作阶段至关重要。事实上，尽早开始参考书目是一个明智的决定，因为这通常是研究人员在最后可能会发现困难的领域。此外，保持“研究追踪”是一个好主意，尤其是如果你正在写一篇超过10000字或更多的商业论文。
Once a researcher has a clarified focus from a seriously academic perspective of the body of knowledge current on the topic of research, they can then formulate or at least in part modify the research hypothesis, before starting on the gathering of their own findings. This will also help focus research questions and close down avenues in the research that are too wide. The supervisor at this stage will be able to guide the researcher in areas that may be not as clearly focused. It is a good idea to write a first draft of the dissertation literature review at this stage to add to the focus for the ensuing research stage.
一旦研究人员从严肃的学术角度对当前研究主题的知识体系有了明确的关注点，他们就可以在开始收集自己的发现之前，制定或至少部分修改研究假设。这也将有助于集中研究问题，并关闭研究中过于广泛的途径。在这一阶段，主管将能够在可能没有那么明确重点的领域指导研究人员。在这个阶段写一篇论文文献综述的初稿是一个好主意，为接下来的研究阶段增加重点。
The research stage of a business dissertation is as previously stated dependent on the choice of methodology. This should be decided at the outset through the dialogue with the supervisor. The findings stage enables the researcher to consider the hypothesis again, which by this stage, has been carefully honed by the literature review. This stage is in itself time consuming, depending on the choice of methodology. The time consuming preparation of a questionnaire, interviewing subjects, case study observation etc; can be the most taxing part of the whole dissertation research process. But, in the main the most enjoyable, as the researcher is finally ‘doing research’ which will have some bearing on future opinions.
如前所述，商业论文的研究阶段取决于方法的选择。这应该在一开始就通过与主管的对话来决定。研究结果阶段使研究人员能够再次考虑这一假设，到目前为止，这一假设已经经过文献综述的仔细磨练。这个阶段本身就很耗时，这取决于方法的选择。耗时的问卷准备、访谈对象、案例研究观察等；可能是整个论文研究过程中最繁重的部分。但是，总的来说，最令人愉快的是，研究人员终于“做研究”了，这将对未来的意见产生一些影响。
Once the research stage is completed and an initial draft of this chapter is presented for clearance by the supervisor, any amendment made, the business dissertation can be put together. This is the most time consuming part of the whole process. It is not unusual to present at least three drafts of each chapter, and the style and layout will often depend upon the academic institution that is to assess its contents. There is often a tighter frequency of meetings with the supervisor, and this is why during the proposal stage, the choice of supervisor is crucial, because they will be both advocate and critic, and whose opinions will count in presenting a coherently prepared analytical business dissertation that will stand the test of academic rigour.
一旦研究阶段完成，本章的初稿提交给主管审批，进行任何修改，就可以撰写商业论文。这是整个过程中最耗时的部分。每章至少提交三稿并不罕见，风格和布局通常取决于评估其内容的学术机构。与导师的会面频率通常更高，这就是为什么在提案阶段，导师的选择至关重要，因为他们既是倡导者又是批评者，他们的意见将在提交一篇经过学术严谨测试的连贯准备的分析性商业论文时发挥重要作用。
The three main chapters that need to be written, drafted and re-drafted are: the literature review, methodology and research findings, which if using a quantitative approach will need to contain any formulas and figurative findings. These chapters should coherently link, and also contain short summaries of their contents. From these three chapters, the conclusion, introduction and synopsis can be written. Oddly, many good researchers prepare the introduction as the last chapter! Notwithstanding this, deciding what if any, appendices are added to the business dissertation is also important, these should not be ‘documents for documents sake’, but, in the main, be explicitly relevant, for example: a copy of a questionnaire, case study or quantitative tables etc.
需要撰写、起草和重新起草的三个主要章节是：文献综述、方法论和研究结果，如果使用定量方法，则需要包含任何公式和形象研究结果。这些章节应连贯地链接，并包含其内容的简短摘要。从这三章可以得出结论、引言和概要。奇怪的是，许多优秀的研究人员将引言作为最后一章！尽管如此，决定商务论文的附录（如果有的话）也很重要，这些附录不应该是“为了文件而文件”，但总的来说，它们是明确相关的，例如：问卷、案例研究或定量表的副本等。
The final section being the all important bibliography, if the researcher has maintained a database of bibliographical information, or better still, wrote this section as they have been working on the whole research process, time has been saved. Thereby, to go through the whole dissertation checking off each reference with the bibliography, will be an easy task, thereby ensuring that they have complied with the referencing protocols (Harvard, APA etc) of their assessing institution and moreover the research trail of the dissertation is clear.
最后一部分是所有重要的参考书目，如果研究人员维护了一个书目信息数据库，或者更好的是，在整个研究过程中编写了这一部分，那么就节省了时间。因此，在整个论文中，将每个参考文献与参考书目进行核对将是一项容易的任务，从而确保他们遵守了评估机构的参考协议（哈佛大学、APA等），而且论文的研究线索是清晰的。
The final business dissertation should be a clearly presented, professionally referenced document that has coherently answered the research hypothesis presented in the original research proposal. Often, researchers do move away from the proposal that is often overlooked as an essential part of the assessing criteria. Therefore, ensuring throughout the dissertation process one is focused and continually returning to this guiding document is essential, which any supportive and competent academic supervisor will continually ‘drill’ into their research students. The end product being both a written business dissertation and a well rounded and better informed academic researcher.
最终的商业论文应该是一份清晰的、专业参考的文件，它连贯地回答了原始研究提案中提出的研究假设。通常，研究人员会放弃作为评估标准的重要组成部分而经常被忽视的提案。因此，确保在整个论文过程中都有重点，并不断回到本指导文件中是至关重要的，任何支持和有能力的学术导师都会不断地对他们的研究生进行“训练”。最终产品既是一篇书面的商业论文，也是一位全面、见多识广的学术研究人员。
