Management Paper代写案例：Classical Management Theories
Management Paper代写案例-古典管理理论。本文是一篇由本站代写服务提供的paper写作案例范文，主要内容是讲述在美国，以服务为基础的组织(如图书馆)仍在使用官僚管理看，威奇托州立大学图书馆是法约尔的官僚管理思想仍在使用的一个具体例子，美国邮政服务也仍在使用官僚主义。现在，组织主要受到外部环境的影响，这些环境经常随着时间的推移而波动。然而，经典管理理论呈现出一个不受外部影响的组织形象。古典的管理理论现在正在逐渐消失，主要原因是古典理论家认为人和他们的需求次于组织的需求。目前，人力资源管理对科学方法提出了严峻的挑战。此外，在组织中，官僚管理正迅速让位于矩阵结构。然而，古典管理理论是重要的，因为它们引入了管理的概念，作为智力分析的主题，并提供了后来管理思想流派发展的思想基础。以下就是这篇Business Paper代写案例的具体内容，供参考。
The Bureaucratic Management is still used in the USA by service-based organizations such as libraries. One concrete example where Fayols Bureaucratic Management ideas are still in use is at the Wichita State University Libraries. Bureaucracy is also still being used in the US Postal Service.
在美国，以服务为基础的组织(如图书馆)仍在使用官僚管理。威奇托州立大学图书馆是法约尔的官僚管理思想仍在使用的一个具体例子。美国邮政服务也仍在使用官僚主义。
In Mauritius, mass production lines and piece rate systems are used in the garment and manufacturing industries. Another industry where the Classical Management Theories are still in use is in the sea-food hub, more specifically at the Mauritius Tuna Processing Plant.
在毛里求斯，服装和制造业采用大规模生产线和计件制。古典管理理论仍在使用的另一个行业是海鲜中心，更具体地说，是毛里求斯金枪鱼加工厂。
Mauritius and its economy are at a pivotal point. The pace of change is exhilarating. That is why in his budget speech 2008-2009, Hon. Rama Sithanen, Minister of Finance pointed out the urgency for our economy to shift from the traditional pillars to a service-oriented economy and to a knowledge-based society. For instance, he advocated that the ICT sector must add to the pillars of the Mauritian economy. Business leaders expect ICT to have a greater impact on their business. The industries experiencing the greatest change are the technology, telecommunications and financial services. The Minister also stressed on the development of the SMEs as he formulated that in terms of job creation, new jobs will come mostly from small businesses and medium-sized companies.
毛里求斯及其经济正处于关键时刻。变化的速度令人振奋。这就是为什么财政部长Rama Sithanen在2008-2009年预算演讲中指出，我国经济迫切需要从传统支柱转向服务型经济和知识型社会。例如，他主张信息通信技术部门必须成为毛里求斯经济的支柱。商业领袖期望信息通信技术对他们的业务产生更大的影响。经历最大变化的行业是科技、电信和金融服务。部长还强调了中小企业的发展，他表示，在创造就业机会方面，新的就业机会将主要来自中小企业。
But since the formulation of the Classical Management Theories in the 18th century, the economic landscape has changed. Businesses do not exist in a vacuum. They are in fact open systems with constant and dynamic interaction with the environment. Today’s business environment is global and highly competitive. Managers are becoming increasingly aware of the effects of the business environment
但自18世纪古典管理理论形成以来，经济格局发生了变化。企业不是存在于真空中。它们实际上是开放的系统，与环境进行持续的动态交互。今天的商业环境是全球化和高度竞争的。管理人员越来越意识到商业环境的影响
There are two aspects of the business environment, namely the internal and the external environment. The internal environment relates to those factors that the organisation can relatively control. These are the owners, employees, customers, suppliers, authorities and pressure groups. But the external environment that constitutes the PEST (Political, Economical, Social and Technological) factors is relatively remote from what the organisation can control. Without the ability to analyse the strength and weaknesses of the internal and the opportunities and threats of the external environments, managers risk making decisions that are not in the best interest of the organisation. At the same time, worldwide concern about the natural environment has emerged. Current natural environmental concerns are pollution, climate changes, ozone depletion and other global issues like biodiversity, adequate water supplies, population and food security. As McDonald’s concluded, today’s managers have to be concerned not only with the scientific facts but with public perception.
商业环境有两个方面，即内部环境和外部环境。内部环境是指组织能够相对控制的因素。这些人包括所有者、雇员、客户、供应商、当局和压力集团。但是，构成PEST(政治、经济、社会和技术)因素的外部环境与组织可以控制的相对较远。如果没有能力分析内部的优势和劣势以及外部环境的机会和威胁，管理人员就有可能做出不符合组织最佳利益的决策。与此同时，世界范围内对自然环境的关注已经出现。目前的自然环境问题是污染、气候变化、臭氧消耗和其他全球性问题，如生物多样性、充足的水供应、人口和粮食安全。正如麦当劳总结的那样，今天的管理者不仅要关注科学事实，还要关注公众的看法。
Today’s business environment is characterized with changes, innovations and uncertainty. It is becoming more challenging amid global economic slowdown and turmoil in the financial sector. Businesses must at all cost adapt or die. Out of five businesses experiencing a disaster or extended outage,
当今的商业环境充满了变化、创新和不确定性。在全球经济放缓和金融领域动荡的背景下，这一问题变得更具挑战性。企业必须不惜一切代价适应，否则就会消亡。在经历灾难或长时间停机的五家企业中，
a) Two never re-open their doors.
b) One of the remaining three will close within two years.
The business environment is exceedingly tough and competitive. Competition is intensifying in many sectors. Technology is constantly creating new opportunities and threats. There are changes to the regulatory environment: the advent of the Equal Opportunities Act being a clear example. Customer tastes are also changing – providing a moving target. Smart companies operating in highly competitive business environments are working very hard to improve efficiency and productivity, test high-yielding new initiatives, and differentiate themselves from competitors.
a)两家永远不会重新开门。
b)其余三家中的一家将在两年内关闭。
商业环境异常艰难，竞争激烈。许多行业的竞争正在加剧。技术不断创造新的机会和威胁。监管环境发生了变化:《平等机会法》的出台就是一个明显的例子。顾客的口味也在变化——这是一个不断变化的目标。在高度竞争的商业环境中运作的聪明公司非常努力地提高效率和生产力，测试高收益的新计划，并将自己与竞争对手区分开来。
Command and Control Management style (as stated in the Classical Management Theories) is effective in an environment where both change and competition are limited and there is plenty room for error (high profit margins). Such is not the case in the age of computing and communications. In today’s business environment, things change very quickly and profit margins are reducing. In addition, more things are happening on a continuing basis. Because of the speed at which things are changing, it is important to push decision-making down in the organization to the level that has all of the information at the time when a decision must be made. This calls for very different management attitudes, it demands a democratic and flexible point of view and of course accountability must be delegated. All these are not present in the Classical Management Theories.
命令和控制管理风格(如古典管理理论中所述)在变化和竞争都有限、有足够的犯错空间(高利润率)的环境中是有效的。在计算机和通信时代，情况并非如此。在今天的商业环境中，事物变化非常快，利润空间正在减少。此外，更多的事情正在持续发生。由于事物变化的速度，将组织中的决策推到必须做出决策时拥有所有信息的级别是很重要的。这需要非常不同的管理态度，需要一种民主和灵活的观点，当然必须下放责任。这些都是古典管理理论所没有的。
Rapid change that is sweeping through every aspect of the business environment today prompts managers to rethink the ways they do things. Although the Classical Management model has evolved quite a bit, it is still geared to a rigid structure and command-and-control mentality. This model was well tailored to an environment where change was slow and evolutionary rather than rapid and revolutionary. It helped organise processes and foster a sense of accountability, order and discipline. What it lacks is flexibility, making the organisation irresponsive to continuous internal and external environment changes. We have reached a limit to what can be accomplished using the Classical Management approaches. But by changing the way managers do things, that constraint can be removed. This is not to say that the basics of Classical Management should be ignored, but they are just not enough to get the job done in today’s business environment.
如今，快速变化席卷了商业环境的方方面面，这促使管理者重新思考他们的做事方式。尽管经典管理模式已经发展了很多，但它仍然是一种僵化的结构和命令与控制的心态。这种模式很好地适应了一个变化缓慢而渐进的环境，而不是快速而革命性的环境。它帮助组织了各种程序，培养了一种责任感、秩序感和纪律性。它缺乏的是灵活性，使组织对内部和外部环境的持续变化反应迟钝。我们已经达到了使用古典管理方法所能完成的极限。但通过改变管理者做事的方式，这种约束可以被消除。这并不是说古典管理的基础知识应该被忽视，但它们不足以在当今的商业环境中完成工作。
Although Classical Management Theories are quite useful in the early stages of economic development, they are not an adequate explanation of how to administer organisations in a complex, developed society. When it comes to seeking cost, efficiency, productivity and profitability improvements, the Classical Management Theories have a limited field of action. Managers need to get used to the idea that what worked yesterday won’t tomorrow. They need to work on tomorrow today. When the business environment becomes more challenging, it is actually an opportune time for managers to think about ways to reinvent their business. We find that new managers are willing to investigate innovative solutions to business problems because they are unhampered by the limitations of tools and methods of the past. It is not so much that established managers are not willing to change; it has more to do with that fact that they are using methods that were designed for different circumstances. And they worked. So, established managers have to be prepared to discard something that has been effective for them. Managers need to use today’s tools to solve today’s problems. They must be willing to learn about new ways of doing things.
尽管古典管理理论在经济发展的早期阶段非常有用，但它们并不能充分解释如何在一个复杂的发达社会中管理组织。当涉及到寻求成本、效率、生产力和盈利能力的改进时，古典管理理论的作用领域有限。经理们需要习惯这样的想法:昨天奏效的东西明天就行不通了。他们今天需要做明天的工作。当商业环境变得更具挑战性时，实际上是管理者思考如何重塑业务的好时机。我们发现，新经理愿意研究商业问题的创新解决方案，因为他们不受过去工具和方法的限制。这并不是说现有的管理者不愿意改变;这更多的是因为他们使用的方法是为不同的情况设计的。他们成功了。因此，成熟的管理者必须准备放弃一些对他们有效的东西。管理者需要使用今天的工具来解决今天的问题。他们必须愿意学习新的做事方法。
To compete successfully in the global arena, managers must now act as entrepreneurs and create new business models – rethink, re-plan, strategize, innovate and learn continuously. Innovation is the most important source for organisations to gain competitive advantage, and advanced innovation management is critical to a business’s sustainable development. Classical Management theories can’t catch up with the dramatic changes of the business environment. Once-reliable guides for managerial actions no longer exist. In an environment virtually bereft of the old rules of conducting business, there is no safety net. Every process, procedure, rule of thumb and standard ratio is being challenged, re-engineered and morphed into a new form. This fundamental change has brought a daunting new reality to the challenge of growing and managing business.
为了在全球舞台上成功竞争，管理者现在必须像企业家一样行动，创造新的商业模式——重新思考、重新规划、制定战略、创新和不断学习。创新是企业获得竞争优势的最重要来源，先进的创新管理对企业的可持续发展至关重要。古典的管理理论已经跟不上商业环境的急剧变化。曾经可靠的管理行动指南已不复存在。在一个几乎没有旧的商业规则的环境中，没有安全网。每一个过程，程序，经验法则和标准比例都受到挑战，重新设计并演变成一种新的形式。这种根本性的变化给企业发展和管理带来了严峻的新挑战。
Conclusion 总结
Today, organizations are mostly influenced by the external environment (fierce market share competition, continuous technology change, globalisation, hiring and retaining qualified executives and front line workers) that often fluctuate over time. Yet Classical Management Theories present an image of an organisation that is not shaped by external influences. Classical Management Theories are now gradually fading for the principal reason that people and their needs are considered by Classical theorists as secondary to the needs of the organisation. Nowadays, The Scientific approach is very seriously challenged by Human Resource Management. Furthermore, The Bureaucratic Management is fast giving way to the Matrix Structure in organisations. However, Classical Management theories are important because they introduced the concept of management as a subject for intellectual analysis and provided a basis of ideas that have been developed by subsequent schools of management thought.
今天，组织主要受到外部环境的影响(激烈的市场份额竞争，持续的技术变革，全球化，雇用和留住合格的管理人员和一线工人)，这些环境经常随着时间的推移而波动。然而，古典管理理论呈现出一个不受外部影响的组织形象。古典的管理理论现在正在逐渐消失，主要原因是古典理论家认为人和他们的需求次于组织的需求。目前，人力资源管理对科学方法提出了严峻的挑战。此外，在组织中，官僚管理正迅速让位于矩阵结构。然而，古典管理理论是重要的，因为它们引入了管理的概念，作为智力分析的主题，并提供了后来管理思想流派发展的思想基础。本站提供各国各专业paper写作格式范文，paper代写以及paper写作辅导，如有需要可咨询本平台。
