留学dissertation写作前期问卷设计解析

留学生在正式开始Research Proposal写作前，通常都需要做进行问卷调查，事先还需要设计详细的问卷。如何设计出符合研究计划内容的问卷，调查结果又能完整体现研究问题，对于第一次制作问卷的学生而言是一件非常困难的事情，对此，小编就为大家整理了留学dissertation写作前期问卷设计的具体方法和技巧。

 

 
A general introduction to the design of questionnaires for survey research

 

The basic process of survey research can be outlined as follows:

 

1. define your research aims

 

2. identify the population and sample

 

3. decide how to collect replies

 

4. design your questionnaire

 

5. run a pilot survey

 

6. carry out the main survey

 

7. analyse the data

 

调查研究的基本步骤包括以上七个方面。

 

A crucial part of good research design concerns making sure that the questionnaire design addresses the needs of the research.

 

其中关键在于问卷设计需满足学术研究的需要。

 

Define Your Research Aims

 

Start your survey by setting down the aims for the survey. To define the aims for academic research you will need to review the relevant literature and you may need to do some preliminary research amongst your target subjects. Fulfilling these aims should then drive the design of your questionnaire and help select questions that are relevant, concise and efficient.

 

列出调查的目的。事先你需要阅读相关文献，并预先在目标对象中做一些调查。

 

Identify the Population and Sample

 

The population is simply all the members of the group that you are interested in. A key issue in choosing the sample relates to whether the members you have chosen are representative of the population. Often the sample is chosen randomly from a list that contains all the members of the population.

 

选取问卷抽查对象的关键在于这些人是否具有代表性。通常可以从人口各组成群体中随机抽取一部分。

 

Decide How to Collect Replies

 

Decide whether the survey is to be completed by the respondent directly or through an interviewer, and design the questionnaire, and any other documents, accordingly. It is important in both circumstances to explain to the potential respondent why you believe they should answer the questions, doing so persuasively can improve response rate. Where the questionnaire is administered by post, or e-mail or some other indirect means, it is usual practice to provide a letter that explains what the questionnaire is about and why its completion is of value.#p#分页标题#e#

 

决定收回问卷的方式，可以是当面完成，也可以发送邮件或其他间接的方式，通常需要让接受调查者了解调查的目的和用途。

 

Questionnaire Design

 

Design of the questionnaire can be split into three elements:

 

a) determine the questions to be asked,

 

b) select the question type for each question and specify the wording, and

 

c) design the question sequence and overall questionnaire layout.

 

问卷设计内容包括以上三要素。

 

Decide on a Layout and Sequence

 

It is good practice to ensure that the questionnaire has a title and that the revision or date of the version is printed on the questionnaire. A brief introductory statement is useful, especially if the introductory letter could go adrift. Contact and return information should be included on the questionnaire. Similarly it is good practice to number or otherwise identify individual questions for reference purposes.

 

决定问卷的布局和顺序。问卷应该有一个标题及日期等，还应有简要的介绍，回复信息等。每一张问卷上应标有编号。

 

Question Types

 

Different types of questions can be used, e.g. open vs. closed,single vs.multiple responses, ranking, and rating.

 

Many advise against using open-ended questions and advocate using closed questions. However, open questions can be useful. For example, the open question:

 

What do you think are the reasons for football hooliganism?

 

would elicit a whole range of replies of varying length and articulation.

 

问题类型包括开放式和封闭式，单项和多项选择，排序和评级等。

 

Decide on Question Wording

 

Some general rules can be stated on question wording:

 

• Be concise and unambiguous

 

• Avoid double questions

 

• Avoid questions involving negatives

 

• Ask for precise answers

 

• Avoid leading questions

 

问卷语言应注意上述问题。

 

Run a Pilot Survey

 

Test the questionnaire on a small sample of your subjects first. If this is not possible, at least test it on some colleagues or friends. The aim here is to detect any flaws in your questioning and correct these prior to the main survey. Having done your pilot survey, you can make amendments that will help to maximise your response rate and minimise your error rate on answers.#p#分页标题#e#

 

先做一个小范围的试验调查，目的在于发现问卷中的问题，并加以修改。

 

Carry Out the Main Survey

 

Identify Respondents and Keep Track of Status

 

A simple database is useful to keep track of when questionnaires were sent out and to whom.

 

Number Each Questionnaire

 

Each individual questionnaire must be uniquely identified by you, preferably before it is distributed or, to preserve anonymity, afterwards. This identification could be via a number, or letters and numbers.

 

Deliver the Questionnaire

 

Deadlines for distribution should have been decided earlier with allowances for sending out reminders or carrying out follow up calls.

 

开展正式调查。建立调查对象的数据库，每张问卷需有编号，确定问卷调查的最后完成期限。

 

Analyse the Data

 

A precursor to analysis is the coding, entry and checking of data. In all instances data can either be entered direct or imported from other packages such as Excel, provided the instructions for the receiving package are adhered to.

 

数据分析，可直接输入或借助计算机软件。这是进行研究前的关键一步。

 

以上就是关于留学dissertation写作前期问卷的设计解析，需要做问卷调查的同学们可以根据上面的内容去设计自己的问卷，想必就没什么问题了。