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Macaskill, Brian and Jeanne Colleran. "Reading History, Writing Heresy: The Resistance of Representation and the Representation of Resistance in J.M. Coetzee's Foe." Contemporary Literature 33 (1992): 432-57.

This article is predominantly a poststructural writing but is also in line with the literary theories of Derrida, Lacan and feminism. Brian and Colleran site such authors as Derrida, Foucault, Barthes and Spivak whose ideas are developed and expanded on throughout the article as they relate to Coetzee's Foe. There are seven major issues or parts addressed in the article. Topography of Confession focuses on Coetzee's confession or self-referent responses in his texts. Internal Foes: Feminist Deconstruction discusses the deferred placement of meaning in Coetzee's female characters. Obstacles, Doubt and the Truth of Confession show how obstacles either were or were not overcome in the texts and the doubt found within and without the characters. Friday's Art is an analysis of the art we see from Friday that is not explained, and the meaning it offers. Resistance and Complicity discusses the power struggles inherent within the text. Resolution: Parodic, Political, Aesthetic, Actual focuses on how the resolutions bring closure, solutions and answers to the text or how they fail to do so. Finally, A Coda: In Collaboration identifies unifying factors throughout the text and several discourses found within.

Bishop, G. Scott. "J.M. Coetzee's Foe" A Culmination and a Solution to a Problem of White Identity." World Literature Today 64.1 (1990): 54-6.online.EBSCO. 15 Jan 1999. 1-5.

In this article, Bishop discusses several of the political situations that influence Coetzee's writing, especially in Foe. The article adopts a postcolonial way of looking at the work and the political and moral entanglements found throughout Foe. Bishop also focuses on the main use of language as a political tool. Throughout this article we are shown similarities within three of Coetzee's novels. They are "Life and Times of Michael K," "In the Heart of the Country" and "Foe." As with several other article on Foe, Derrida's ideas of deconstruction are applied to Bishop's analysis of the text. He also illustrates the development of "others" in the novel and how this relates to the relationship of privileged and unprivileged worlds. This relationship is then related to individuals of a society and how they in turn read the text. Bishop also highlights Coetzee's wonderful use of doubt in Foe and how that also effects the reading of the text.

[1]Cho, S. 2000. ‘Selflessness: Toward a Buddhist Vision of Social Justice’. Journal of Buddhist Ethics 7: 25-35.#p#分页标题#e#
 
[2] This article deals with developing a Buddhist theory of social justice. It explores the Buddhist theme of ‘selflessness’ and discusses how this can be used a basis for such a theory. Cho discusses the theoretical contradiction in Buddhism between being socially engaged and pursuing a goal of individual salvation. [3] The article is good as a source because it applies Buddhism to modern times and modern issues. It also discusses the challenges modern citizenship brings to Buddhism theoretically. It is relevant to the rest of the sources as a result of this. [4] Despite attempts by Cho to explain the theory behind the aspects of Buddhism, some broader background knowledge is helpful to better explore some of the specific Buddhist ideals he raises. Furthermore, one of the most interesting points that Cho raises, that of social engagement versus individual enlightenment, is not developed as fully as it could have been and would be useful to pursue.

Moore, John Rees. "J.M. Coetzee and Foe." Sewanee Review 98.1 (1990): 52-9. online.EBSCO. 15 Jan 1999. 1-6.

Moore's article is essentially a major review of Coetzee's Foe. He offers quite a bit of summary of the novel throughout. Within this close analysis Foe itself, Moore compares several aspects of the text to that of other novels as well. One example of this is how the struggle of Foe's protagonist compares to the struggles of others of Coetzee's characters. Coetzee is also praised for many things in the article such as his creation of fictional worlds and the unique way in which he develops them. He uses other examples of Coetzee's fiction to illustrate the ways in which the South African dilemma is discussed or omitted from them. These examples also demonstrate how Coetzee has shown and acute awareness of the powers and limitations of language within various discourse of society.

Gitzen, Julian. "The Voice of History in the Novels of J.M. Coetzee." Critique 35.1 (1993): 3-15.online.EBSCO. 19 Jan 1999. 1-10.

Gitzen's article relies mainly on Coetzee's various texts, however does include sources from other scholars such as Martin and Post. He uses examples from Coetzee's novels to illustrate how language is used as a way in which to record history of human consciousness. In this way language can not be separated from the characters of a text, nor can the characters be separate from the text. Gitzen also focuses on the role language plays as it comes between the characters and the fictional world in which they live and the external world of the reader. Much of Gitzen's article is centered on the basic functions of language and how they are applied or challenged in Coetzee's text. He also compares Coetzee's novels, as with the protagonists Jacobus Coetzee and Magda.

Clowes, Edith W. "The Robinson Myth Reread in Postcolonial and Postcommunist Modes." Critique 36.2 (1995): 145-60.online.EBSCO. 19 Jan 1999. 1-11.#p#分页标题#e#

Clowes examines postcolonial and postcommunist ideas present in both Coetzee's Foe and Luidimila Petrushovskaia's "The New Robinsons: A Chronicle of the End of the 20th Century." The theories themselves are discussed in detail and then applied to the two texts as evidence of these merging modes of expression. The discussion of the two is divided into three main areas: "the voice of the female narrator and the question of gender roles, the nature of the island or isolation chronotope, and the refraining of the robinsonian narrative that occurs in both works." Clowes then turns his focus to the myth of economic individualism. He examines the cultural context of the myth in general and its historical impact on specifically the Robinson Cruso myth. Clowes also stresses the function of myth and the importance of understanding the historical background in understanding the meaning of its fiction.

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