科研结果如何与assignment结合？来看万能技巧！

近年来，留学所选专业中，商科多年来一马当先的地位逐渐被逐渐壮大的理工科留学生群体动摇。但是，身为理工科学生，除了要克服极高的语言，即大量英文专业词汇的门槛，如何写作专业学术性的科研Assignemnt也成为了一个困难但又至关重要的挑战。
如何将长时间科研所获结果融入research report研究报告中？最重要，研究报告或其它科研相关的阶段性assignment正式、学术化的提交格式应该是怎样的？在本篇文章中，我们借用学术网站”NMU Writing Center“的写作建议，提出一个专供科研向assignment的写作九部法，希望对同学们的写作有所启发。

1. Select a relatable topic (if you're given an option): Choose something you're interested in or curious about.  Researching your information will be more enjoyable and you'll write with more enthusiasm.
1.选择一个相关的话题(如果你有一个选择):选择一些你感兴趣或好奇的东西。搜索你的信息会更有趣，你也会更有热情的写作。
2. Make an outline: This will give you a "blueprint" for your paper and keep your writing organized.  See the Writing Center's handout on outlining if you need a sample.
2.列一个大纲:这将给你的dissertation一个”蓝图“，让你的写作有条理。如果你需要提纲，可以参考写作中心的讲义。
3. Consider a form of prewriting: Try writing note cards out with your ideas on them, or mapping your ideas with a web diagram, or just talking your ideas through by yourself or with a friend.  These steps will help your organization and creativity, which in turn will help you avoid plagiarism. If you are somewhat uncertain of what the paper's focus will be, conducting a broad area of research can be beneficial in narrowing a topic and selecting a specific area of preference.
3.考虑一种预写的形式:试着把你的想法写在便签上，或者用网络图来描绘你的想法，或者仅仅是通过你自己或与朋友讨论你的想法。这些步骤将有助于你的组织和创造力，从而帮助你避免抄袭。如果你有点不确定dissertation的重点是什么，进行广泛的研究领域可以缩小主题和选择一个特定领域的偏好是有益的。如果你需要提纲，可以参考写作中心的讲义。
4. Develop a Thesis: A thesis statement introduces the topic and primary focus of the overall paper. While this can seem somewhat daunting, it is imperative to develop at least a rough thesis before endeavoring to write the paper. It should be noted, however, that a thesis can be manipulated throughout the writing process to better suit the purpose of a paper. Prewriting and research are necessary accompaniments when composing a potential thesis statement.#p#分页标题#e#
4.发展dissertation:dissertation陈述介绍整个dissertation的主题和主要焦点。虽然这看起来有点让人气馁，但在写dissertation之前，至少拟定一个大致的dissertation是必要的。然而，值得注意的是，dissertation可以在整个写作过程中进行修改，以更好地适应dissertation的目的。写作前和研究是必要的伴随，当构成一个潜在的dissertation论述。
 

1. Use transitions: Transitions should be a mix of the last sentences/ideas you wrote and what you're going to say next.  See the Writing Center's handout on transitions for some ideas and sample phrases.
5.使用过渡语:过渡语应该是你写的最后的句子/观点和你接下来要说的内容的混合体。请参阅写作中心的过渡材料，获得一些想法和示例短语。
2. Balance your use of paraphrases, quotes, and your own sentences: A higher ratio of paraphrases and your own sentences over direct quotations is the academic ideal (an excess of quotes can compromise the quality of the paper and indicate a lack of understanding and/or effort). When using a direct quote, it will be expected that you know why and how it relates to your topic.  Remember to avoid plagiarism – you need to cite any ideas that do not come from you.  This will include paraphrases, quotes, and even some of your own sentences that are based on ideas in your sources.
6.平衡你的转述，引用和你自己的句子:较高的转述和你自己的句子比直接引用的比例是学术理想(过多的引用会降低dissertation的质量，表明你缺乏理解和/或努力)。当使用直接引语时，你应该知道它为什么和如何与你的主题相关。记住要避免抄袭——你需要引用任何不是出自你之手的观点。这包括释义，引用，甚至是你自己的一些句子，这些句子都是基于你的资料来源的观点。
3. Keep a list of your sources: There are few things more frustrating than having to track down a source weeks after you first accessed it.  To save yourself time and potential frustration, keep a running bibliography as you write; cite each source as you use it.  That way you'll have all the information you need right in front of you.
7.列出你的资源列表:没有什么比在你第一次访问一个资源的几周后还要去追踪它更令人沮丧的了。为了节省你的时间和潜在的挫败感，在写作的时候准备一个流动的参考书目;引用每一篇文章的出处。通过这种方式，你将拥有所有你需要的信息在你面前。
4. Know your style standards: Go into the paper knowing whether you're writing in MLA, APA, or another style.  Check a handbook or another reference for in-text citation styles, works cited/references page styles, and heading or title page formats.  Even page number standards change between MLA and APA, so be sure you're familiar with the style and its conventions. You should also be aware of what style edition is required of the assignment; some professors prefer older editions, whereas others utilize the most recent.#p#分页标题#e#
8.了解你的文体标准:进入dissertation时，要知道你是用MLA、APA还是其他文体写作。检查手册或其他参考文献的文本引用样式、著作引用/参考文献的页面样式以及标题或标题页格式。即使是页码标准在MLA和APA之间也会有所变化，所以一定要熟悉其风格和惯例。你还应该知道essay需要什么样的风格版本;一些教授更喜欢使用旧版本，而另一些教授则使用最新版本。
5. Produce your finalized title last: Titles can be limiting; your writing can stray away from original thoughts.  You can only be sure that your title is tailor-made for your paper if you compose it after the paper is complete.  Note that some writers feel this approach works best for them concerning introductory paragraphs, concluding paragraphs, and thesis statements as well.
9.最后制作你的最终作品:标题长度是有限的;你的写作可能会偏离最初的想法。只有在dissertation完成后再写，你才能确定你的标题是为你的dissertation量身定做的。请注意，有些作者觉得这种方法在开头段落、结束语段落和主题陈述中效果最好。
 

学术dissertation的写作从来没有容易之说，所以在文章的最后，小编想对同学们说，本文只是提供一个大方向性的指导，写好一篇科研向assignment真正的诀窍还是在于多看多练和写好后的不断打磨。只有同学们的Assignment写作能力真正得到提高之后，才能真正整体提高Assignment分数，甚至篇篇冲到A+。