留学生Tourism management专业assignment范文

留学生旅游管理专业essay范文

 

毫无疑问,现代旅游业已经成为世界上最大的热门行业之一。 这是一种可以使人们重新创造和放松自己的活动。此外，旅游业不仅可以改善一个国家的交通和公共设施，而且还可以改善当地的服务，如娱乐、住宿、餐饮、医院和当地居民。另一方面,旅游促进当地经济的发展。然而，这篇文章将阐述在关系到地方服务、地方经济和环境和当地居民的现代旅游方式的优劣势。

 

首先,旅游业的一个主要优点是可以刺激旅游地区的消费能力和经济。 “根据OVTA,我们知道有1200万名游客前往渥太华旅游,每年花费1.28亿美元。 此外,旅游业的发展会导致每年产生4500万美元的税收收入”。此外,“中国国家旅游局显示,在春节假期，中东和欧洲的产品价格有百分之15的增长，相比他们的日常价格。然而,这些增加对游客影响甚微,据报道,2010年,5200万中国人出国”。 另一方面,旅游业可以增加人们的收入和就业。 ”正如卡梅伦戴维在巴内特（2010）所说的，如果英国旅游业能吸引0.5%名国际游客，这将为人们创造50000个新的就业机会。 “因此,旅游业直接在住宿、旅游和旅游业务等方面提供就业机会,甚至也为当地居民提供了间接的就业机会,如工厂制造”。 

 

There is no doubt that modern tourism has become one of the biggest popular industries in the world nowadays. It is an activity in which people can recreate and relax themselves. Furthermore, it seems that tourism not only can improve the transportation and most public facilities of a country, but also it can improve local services such as entertainment, accommodation, catering and hospital for tourists and local people. For another thing, tourism stimulates the growth of local economy. Even more, large numbers of organizations and governments invest much money in this industry at present. However, this essay will elaborate advantages and disadvantages of the way in which modern tourism affects the popular tourist areas in relations to the local services, local economy and environment and the local people.

 

For one thing, one major advantage of tourism is the fact that developing travel industry can stimulate the popular tourist areas' consumption ability and economy. "According to the OVTA, there are 12 million visitors who travel to Ottawa and spend 128million dollars each year. Moreover, the development of tourism leads to generating tax revenue of 45 million dollars per year" (Chase, 2011). In addition, "China National Tourism Administration showed that there is a 15 percent increase in the price of products in the Middle East and Europe during the Spring Festival holidays, compared to their daily price. However, these increases have little effect on tourists and it is reported that in 2010, 52 million Chinese people travelled abroad" (Lixia, 2011). For another thing, tourism industry either can increase people's income and the rate of employment. "As David Cameron says in Barnett (2010), if the UK tourism industry can attract 0.5% more international tourists, this could create 50,000 new jobs for people". "Thus, tourism directly offers employment opportunities in accommodation, tour and travel operations and so on, but also it provides indirect employment for local people such as factories manufacturing" (Nworisara, 2011). #p#分页标题#e#

 

These business operations invisibly generate large revenue to the government. Therefore, most countries or investors make huge investments in the tourism industry because of its potential of boosting economic growth. Thus, developing tourism industry is the main contributor of the stimulation of the local economy.

 

Furthermore, tourism plays an important role on improving the living standards of the local people by improving community's facilities and services. It can be seen that Hong Kong has become a famous and popular attraction, whether for mainland people or international people nowadays. "What is more, it is reported that the Tourism Commission invested HK$50 million to improve the tourism facilities, which would cover a scenic square and public facilities at Lantau Ngong Ping 360, the pedestrian bridge at the east of Tsim Sha Tsui, and upgrading some tourism signboards for tourists. Besides that, Hong Kong would improve the facilities of online ticket-selling, which make more convenient for tourists" (Mercier, 2009). There is no doubt that these kinds of infrastructures and facilities will considerably benefit for the local people and improve their living standards. Besides that, the transportation and public services have an impact on the tourism industry, which also influence the local people's living standards and the tourism industry itself. "Take Beijing as an example: during the period of the Olympics Games, ten million tourists visited Beijing and there was no complaint or dissatisfaction with the hotels, public services and attractions, at that time. This is because the government improved and re-organized the tourism resources, public services and facilities" (Alcantara, 2010). If facilities or services are not improved and cause tourists lots of inconvenient, this ill easily push them to give up or change their travel plans.

 

Finally, it seems that it is a good opportunity to protect the culture and heritage when developing modern tourism. "The WTO estimates that cultural tourism has been growing at a rate of 15% annually" (Nworisara, 2011). Most tourists are willing to spend money to learn and understand different cultures and customs of different countries. "Taking the European tourism industry as an example, a growing number of people prefer to visit Europe, especially Italy, France, Spain and so on. The main reason is that the governments of those countries understand the importance of the heritage and history of a country. It is a character or symbol of that country. Thus, the government is willing to spend money remodeling and restoring the heritage. For instance, the Indian government regarded Jammu and Kashmir as a heritage attraction for visitors. Thus, it foucused on it and started to protect it to attract tourists" (Naseem, 2009). It is well know that protecting a country's culture and heritage is a big challenge, but it is very important because they represent the identity of the country. Moreover, visitors can understand deeply the local culture only by visiting it. Thus, in order to attract more tourists to popular tourist areas, both the government and the tourism industry have a responsibility to preserve the local heritage and culture.#p#分页标题#e#

 

However, firstly, it must be admitted that tourism brings many disadvantages. Without doubt the most obvious disadvantage is that tourism has negative effects on the local environment and the eco-system. "For instance, it is well known that the Hawaiian eco-system is the most diverse in the world. Nevertheless, due to the development of tourism industry, a large number of infrastructures such as hotels and restaurants were built, leading to the local environment's deterioration. Besides that, it is reported that 60% of animal and plant species are dying out in Hawaii" (Darowski, Strilchuk, Sorochuk & Provost, 2006). "Bali is another example: it has been found that six tourist beaches, which include Kuta, Legian, Nusa Dua, Jimbaran, Tanjung Benoa and Canggue are contaminated. This is because the waste from hotels, restaurants and other hospitality and tourist-related businesses cannot be dealt with effectively" (Kencana A., 2010). It is obvious that a lot of businessmen do not care if the environment becomes bad, they just consider whether they can earn money or not. In addition, a number of tourists have the bad habit of throwing waste everywhere. Thus, the local environment becomes worse and influences the eco-systems.

 

Secondly, tourism has a bad impact on the society and culture of the popular tourist areas. "For example, it is well known that Indonesia is a special country which has a special cultural history. However, in order to attract more tourists and meet their needs, some original customs have changed, such as dances performed only in every 60 years while nowadays they are performed weekly. Besides that, original temples used to be quiet places while today they are always overcrowded with tourists. In addition, masks, costumes and jewelry which were used for religious rituals, have a special and unique meaning. In order to earn money, companies produce these productions largely and sell them in antique shops. Even more, most arts forms such as paintings and sculptures have been adjusted according to the taste of the current market. Furthermore, it seems that these cultural and social changes not only influence the local people, but also it may lead people to forget the original culture due to the commercial influences. For instance, in order to earn more money, investors have driven local communities out of their lands and even beaches, which influence the temples and local people of Bali. The resorts also would threaten the temple's "cosmological primacy" (Wijaya, 2008).

 

Thirdly, although the development of tourism has lots of advantages, however, it often do some unethical behaviors from local people and industry. For instance, when they lack employees in the peak season, some hotels and restaurants recruit low skilled people or people who are under 18 years old. Even more, lots of illegal migrants are working in tourism and hospitality industry. "It is reported that there are around 12 million illegal immigrant people in the United States, and the American Tourism and Hospitality industry employed them because they would pay them a lower wage. In fact, it is argued that these illegal immigrants are substitutes for low-skilled workers" (Fedeli, 2010). It seems that recruiting employees who are low-skilled and unprofessional is only benefit to the companies because they get low salaries. Actually, this is not good for the tourists because it easily causes troubles as these employees cannot deal with at urgent situations. Thus, it gives unsafe feeling to the tourists and that leads to hinder the development of tourism industry and also gives a bad imagine to this popular tourist areas.#p#分页标题#e#

 

In conclusion, it is clear that there could be great benefits to develop the tourist industry if governments and companies take the local environment into consideration. Furthermore, if all tourists obeyed the local rules and culture, the beautiful attractions will not be contaminated. What is more, if each person is aware of the importance of protecting our history and culture, the tourism industry can develop better and more and more people can have the opportunity to explore the history of the popular tourist areas. There is no doubt that developing tourism industry is essential and one of the reasons for this is that people can learn more about this world. Therefore, each person has a responsibility to protect the popular tourist areas.