留学生课程dissertation范文:《格列佛游记》简析
Brief Analysis of Gulliver's Travels
I. Introduction
Jonathan Swift (1667~1745), Irish author and journalist, dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral (Dublin) from 1713, the foremost prose satirist in English language. Swift is one of the great masters of English prose, His writing is simple, direct, precise prose. He defined a good style as "proper words in proper places." Swift became insane in his last years, but until his death he was known as Dublin's foremost citizen.
Swift's most famous works is Gulliver's Travels (1726), where the stories of Gulliver's experiences among dwarfs and giants are best known. Swift gave to these journeys an air of authenticity and realism and many contemporary readers believed them to be true. While Swift was writing Gulliver's Travels in the 1720s, England was undergoing a lot of political shuffling. George I, a Hanoverian prince of Germany, had ascended the British throne in 1714 after the death of Queen Anne ended the Stuart line. Although he was not a bad or repressive king, he was unpopular. King George had gained his throne with the assistance of the Whig party, and his Whig ministers subsequently used their considerable gains in power to oppress members of the opposition Tory party. Swift had been a Tory since 1710. ‘Gulliver's Travels ‘was first published in 1726, Gulliver's Travels remains one of the most exciting fantasy adventures ever written.
#p#分页标题#e#
II. The Plot of the Gulliver's Travels
Swift makes Lempel Gulliver, a surgeon and a sea captain, recount his adventures. The first voyage is to Lilliput, where Gulliver is huge and the Lilliputians are small. The Lilliputians treat the ship-wrecked Captain Gulliver cruelly as if he were their enemy and prisoner. What impresses the captain most is their manner of choosing their high-ranking officials. People are evaluated and employed for government offices according to the results of a competition in a slender rope dance. The one who jumps the highest will be qualified to serve His Majesty the Emperor. The Lilliputians have wars, and conduct clearly laughable with their self-importance and vanities - these human follies only reduced into a miniature scale.
Gulliver's second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag. "I cannot but conclude that the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth." He meets giants who are practical but do not understand abstractions. The giants are, however, the kindest race of all on earth. During his stay there, Captain Gulliver is taken good care of first by a farmer's family and then in the household of the royal family. After a two-year stay there, he leaves the good people.
In the third voyage contemporary scientist are held up for ridicule: science is shown to be futile unless it is applicable to human betterment. Gulliver then travels to the flying island of Laputa and the nearby continent and capital of Lagado. There he meets pedants obsessed with their own special field and utterly ignorant of the rest of the life. On the island of Glubbdubdrib Gulliver encounters a community of sorcerers who can summon the spirits of the dead, allowing him to converse with Alexander, Julius Caesar, Aristotle and others. He meets Struldbrughs, who are immortal and, as a result, utterly miserable and become senile in their 80s.#p#分页标题#e#
His fourth voyage is to the land of the Houyhnhnms, who are horses endowed with reason. Their rational, clean, and simple society is contrasted with the filthiness and brutality of the Yahoos, beasts in human shape. Gulliver reluctantly comes to recognize their human vices. Gulliver stays with the Houyhnhnms for several years, becoming completely enamored with them to the point that he never wants to leave. When he is told that the time has come for him to leave the island, Gulliver faints from grief. Upon returning to England, Gulliver feels disgusted about other humans, including his own family.
III. Artistic features
‘Gulliver's travels' is a savage satire in the form of a fabulous travelogue. It appears as the personal narrative of a Captain Lemuel Gulliver, who is said to have traveled for some eleven years to distant places unknown to his contemporaries. The book was able to pass as a real travelogue of a real person(while both were fictional)because the people of the 18th century knew that there existed some parts of the world they had not been to, and the editor's note concerning the book helped a good deal to make it sound like a true story.
As we all known, Swift is a master satirist. His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness. Throughout Gulliver's Travels the narrator spends a great deal of time discussing the human body-going so far as to detail his own urination and defecation. In each of the various lands to which Gulliver travels, he comes face to face with excrement. In Lilliput he urinates on the queen's apartment to put out a fire; in Luggnagg the professors work to turn excrement back into the food it began as; in the country of the Houyhnhnms the Yahoos throw their excrement at each other and at him. Looking at the body from new perspectives gives Gulliver a special insight into the body's materiality. When he is relatively small, he can see the minute, ugly details of others' bodies. By looking closely at the body as a material thing and paying attention to what humans do on a daily basis, Swift makes it impossible to look at humans as exclusively spiritual or intellectual beings. The novel is set in the traditional mode of satirical travel literature. Many other classic works use the same device, such as Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Homer's Odyssey. Travel in the case of Gulliver's Travels gives Swift the opportunity to compare the ways of humanity, more specially those of theEnglish, with several other ways of living. Exploration in Europe provided many stories of travels and discoveries of new lands and new peoples. #p#分页标题#e#
In addition, there are so many satires in Gulliver's travels. The first voyage has been interpreted as an allegorical satire of the political events of the early eighteenth century, a commentary on the moral state of England. And the war with the tiny neighboring island represents England's rivalry between Whigs and Tories. The distinction between brobdingnag and England is a satire on western civilization. The voyage to Laputa is a scathing attack upon science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and reveals Swift‘s contempt and disdain for abstract theory and ideology that is not of practical service to human. In addition, the satire is directly against British misgovernment of Ireland, as is reflected in the control of the Flying Island Laputa over the countries on the land. The fourth part involves the ruthless moral exposure of humanity and the bitter satire of the English society in contrast with the merits of the Houyhnhnm society, especially in family planning, marriage, education and politics. Swift‘s ultimate satiric object~man's inability to come to terms with his true nature. The Yahoos as a satiric representation of debased humanity, while taking the Houyhnhnms as representatives of Swift‘s ideals of rationality and order. Through the description of Gulliver's travel, Swift strips off the veil that covers the hypocrisy, injustice, crude vices of his society, to expose them all to the satire.
IV. Social significance
Gulliver's Travels is regarded as one of the most important satirical works in the English language. The book is one of the most effective and devastating criticism and satires of all aspects in the English and European life---socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound. #p#分页标题#e#
It described as 'Hans Christian Andersen for children, Boccaccio for adults', Gulliver's Travels appeals on at least two obvious levels. It is both a fantastical narrative of giants, flying islands and talking horses and a trenchant allegorical critique of politics and projects in early First published in October of 1726, Gulliver's Travels probably took at least five years to write. From the day of publication it was popular with both adults and children; indeed, Swift's friend, John Gay, remarked in correspondence between the two that it was, 'universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery'.
The book has not lost its significance to the present day and can be justly ranked among the best novel of world literature. Many different editions of the work have since been published including (even in the Eighteenth Century) many significantly abridged children's imprints. Some modern critics view the existence of these bowdlerized editions (often Book I alone) as a demeaning betrayal of Swift's true intentions; however an equally valid counter claim can be articulated in support of maintaining the book's wide ranging appeal.
相关文章
UKthesis provides an online writing service for all types of academic writing. Check out some of them and don't hesitate to place your order.