英国零售公司分析报告（analysis report）
06-28, 2015
uk retail sector analysis report
在英国,最大的行业是由食品和饮料的零售行业，为三百万就业人民提供了在生产、制造业和零售业的工作。在2003年,国内生产总值(gdp)零售业占了9%(数据监控,2003)。目前,正在对英国超市与其供应商的关系进行详细的审查，特别是符合自家水平产品；尽管在过去的几十年中，网络供应的战略发展策略被认为是超市策略的重要元素。这份报告通过重点分析公司的外部环境和资源分析来表明超市公司的洞察力，也包括公司能力和文化。
In UK, the largest industry is represented by the retail sector of food and drink through which employment of three million peoples are provided at the primary production, manufacturing and retailing. In the year of 2003, gross domestic product of 9 percent is accounted by retail (Data monitor, 2003). At present year, scrutiny is conducting towards the supermarkets of UK in relation to the suppliers treatment specifically the products with own level though the strategy development of the network supply of strategy is considered as the significant element of the strategies of supermarket since the last decade. This report is indicated towards the insight of the company of supermarket by giving emphasis to the analysis of external environment and resources analysis of the company where competence and culture are also described.
政治环境—Political environment:
In relation to the political environment, the operation of the company is conducted in the globalized environment as competitive where in six countries in Europe, the operations of the company are shown such as: the UK; the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey and Poland. It also operates in Asia: in South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and Taiwan) (Data monitor Report, 2003). The conditions of political and legislative environment are influenced the performance of Tesco which focused towards the European Union (EU). The students with large numbers are employed by Tesco along with the workers as disabled and elder to which lower rates are paid. At the industry, where the worse condition of higher turnover of staff is occurred, loyalty with higher levels is offered by these workers and hence the employees as desirable are represented by this incidence.
经济因素—Economic factors:
In relation to the present economic condition of UK, it has been showed that fortune is on Tesco where bad effect is not towards Tesco while some retailers are affected through recession. Tesco is branded by itself where they sell their products to customers and hence products with a wide range and services with the reasonable prices in this way all market segments are faced the appealing process (Flavián, Haberberg. and Polo, 2002)
社会或文化因素—Social or cultural factors:
It has been indicated by the recent trends to the shifting of British customers towards bulk shopping and one stop, the results or outcomes of which are indicated towards the social changes with a wide range. It is having the Tesco of the items of non food with an increasing amount which has the sales availability.
It has been involved by the aspects of the factors of socio cultural factors in the analysis of PESTEL with the considerations for example: immigration in Eastern Europeans increasing or young professionals increasing. In generally, it has been shown that there is the trend of increasing demand of new goods such as: the person as career minded and also the single person. The showing incidences of the rising of meal which can be quickly made on microwave and easily carry with the person.
技术因素—Technological factors:
Tesco is significantly affected by the factors of technology in possibly specifically towards the growth of the internet using by the customers in UK. Capitalization can be achieved by the company through the online shopping using and offered the service of delivery by the website of the company (www.tesco.com). Instrument is the main element of Tesco which is contained by the company as a retailer in the reduction of supporting carbon and where sustainable amount of £ 100 is created for the purpose of increasing the fund of technology. Customers are also encouraged by the company to make the choice of using the products with low carbon. Though still now if the subject matter of corporate responsibilities are not taken by the Tesco as seriously which is related with the issues of environment then it can be resulted damaging the reputation of Tesco (Flavián, Haberberg. and Polo, 2002)#p#分页标题#e#
环境因素—Environmental factors:
It has been stated by Graiser and Scott (2004) that at the year of 2003 it has been intended by the government to new strategy launching for the purpose of consumption sustainability and as well as along with the production also in order to waste cutting, resources consumption reducing and the damage of environment damaging. It has been created by the recent legislation to new advertising tax which is imposed on highly processed advertising and the foods as fatty. A wide ranges of products of Tesco are affected by the tax on fat as so called which has been taken subsequently through which relationship among suppliers and customers can also be affected.
法律因素—Legislative Factors
In order to controls the monopoly and reducing the power of buyer in relation to the policy of the government, entry on this sector can be limited by this where such controls are occurred with the requirements of license and along with raw materials access can also be limited (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). For the purpose of implementing the policies of the pricing as politically improved, consumers are getting the facilities of reducing the prices by Tesco on purchasing the fuel, the basis of which is the amount spending towards the all groceries of stores. When lower prices are fixing up on the goods as promoted, then the prices in other stores are increasing for the purpose of compensating.
波特五力分析法—Porter's Five Forces analysis:
竞争者—Rivalry:
Few competitors as including of Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Safeway, recognized as four major brands, dominate the grocery market of UK and 70 percent of market share are possessed by them. In accordance with Ritz (2005), since last few years, the transformation of grocery market is done to the dominated business of supermarket. Power is built by the large chains because of efficiency of operation, stopping as one stop and major expenditure of marketing.
供应商的还价能力—Bargaining power of Suppliers:
Powers of suppliers are represented by this force through which major grocery chains are influenced and the large super market is feared of losing the business. Hence, stores' leading position for example: Tesco and Asda is consolidated by this for negotiating better prices of promotion from suppliers where it is difficult to match by the chain of small individual ( Ritz, 2005).
消费者的还价能力—Bargaining power of Buyers:
It has been theorized by Porter about the standardization or undifferentiated of the products where switching cost should be lower and therefore buyer contained more powers (Porter M. 1980). The most successful strategy of customer retention is of the famous loyalty card- club card of Tesco through which the profitability of the business of Tesco is increased. For the purpose of meeting the needs of customers, services should be customized, low prices ensuring, better choices, constant flow of the promotion of in store through which customer base controlling and retaining are enabling by the brands such as: Tesco. Recently, retailing of food with crucial changes faces by the company because of consumers with large demand in relation to the shopping of the supermarket where super market with greater need is shown in order to selling the items of non- food.
替代品的威胁—Threat of substitutes:
For a specific period of time, demand is reduced by the general substitution where alternatives are occurred from switching the consumers threat (Porter M. 1980). In the industry of grocery, product- for- product as in the form or need for substitutes and as well as new trends weakened for example: convenience of small chains which is emerged in the organization. In relation to the case of Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury, the operations as small scale as existing are acquired by these companies and express stores and metro are opened in the centre of city and local towns (Ritz, 2005).#p#分页标题#e#
竞争者的还价能力—Bargaining power of competitors:
Significant growth is achieved by the grocery environment from the perspective size and the dominance of market in relation to the larger players, with greater size of store, concentrating towards increasing the retailer and format ranging utilisations which are considered as the major characteristics of this sector. Retail buyers with small number is leaded the purchasing power of the industry of food retailing.
Task 1.2:
Shareholder Wealth Maximization Model:
Shareholder Wealth Maximization Model, unlike simple profit-maximization incorporates the time dimension and risk. The Shareholder-Wealth Maximization model (SWM) goal states that the objective of a firms management should be to maximize the present value of the expected future cash flows to equity owners (shareholders). Consider cash flows to be the same as profits. Hence, the value of a firms stock is equal to the present value of all expected future profits, discounted at the shareholders required rate of return.
In order to overcome the situation of credit crunch, it is very much needed to adopt the approach of establishing the good corporate governance in Tesco. But before discussing about the requirement or importance of corporate governance, I would like to explain about the aims and opportunities of adopting the corporate governance which are considered as the most common and specific in accordance with the bank's board members, investors, shareholders and stakeholders. The occurrence of good corporate governance can be happened when the direction of the board is giving importance towards the aim of achieving owner interest as long term and in relation to this aim the board also controlled the organization for the purpose of achieving this aim. For ensuring sound internal control of the Tesco, the authority of Tesco should think about the owner as well as stewardship of this bank. In brief and in general, good corporate governance can be defined as the maintenance of internal rules and regulations of the organization perfectly and properly. Within the Tesco board, the directors as non- executive also has the significant roles and responsibilities towards the Tesco but in separation of the roles and responsibilities of chief executive and board of chairman, the roles and responsibilities of non executive director has to take more responsibilities and duties. In order to the separate roles and responsibilities of board of directors, chairman and non executive directors, good corporate governance can be occurred.
Task 1.3:
There has been growing degree of overlap between a company's economic and environmental performance is "eco-efficiency". At the same time, too, there are early signs that as the sustainability agenda becomes a board level issue, we will see growing overlaps with the whole corporate government agenda.
Environmental changes have a great impact on an organization like as Tesco apply fossil fuel in its transport network. Demand decreasing is also a major challenge. For reducing carbon, Tesco is always being a energy company of instrumental which establishing the sustainable technology fund. They always try to provide customer low carbon food and encourage them to choice this kind of food. It can be bad impact on Tesco if they don't take corporate responsibility seriously in order to issues of environment.
Workplace Health and Safety Measures:
The company thinks that their ethical stance is a way of considering, caring, and responding to issues within society, illustrating that they are a socially responsive organisation. Their main aim is to utilize and leverage every opportunity to develop the level of awareness and depth of understanding of various social responsibility issues, policies and practices so that they can increase their roles to society.
Ethical Issues:
Tesco performance is directly impacted by the various legislation and policies of the government. For example: it has been suggested by the commission of food retailing (FRC) that it should be needed to set up the code of practices as enforceable through which various current practices can be banned for example: suppliers payment asking by the company and agreed prices changing without giving any notice (Mintel Report, 2004). The competitors and their powerful presence along with the brand establishment create the threats of the intense wars of price and along with the differentiation of products with strong requirements.#p#分页标题#e#
Corporate Social Responsibility:
The social responsibilities of Tesco's on the state are influential to the operations of the company. Â These entail accusations of environmental damage. Â Among the reasons why they are charged with such claims is the employ of non-biodegradable substances.
The term 'corporate social responsibility' has been defined as the conversion of the process of self regulation into the specific model of business (Lynch, R, 2009). The corporate social responsibility's main function is focused on the self regulation mechanism. In relation to the organization's responsibilities, monitoring functions are adopted by the organization for the purpose of standard of ethics controlled and handled. In order to the international marketing, organization's monitoring process is related towards its rules and regulations.
In relation to the corporate social responsibility of Tesco, build in quality of Tesco are concentrated towards the performance efficiency ensuring in relation to the activities sub transformation. The effectiveness measurement is directed towards the performance standard defined by the customer. Performance standard can be defined through the aggregate performance standard breaking in relation to the expectation of customers where metrics of granular of each and every task is performed for the purpose of ensuring the value added system in each step with a view to the completion of operation process. The main purpose of adopting this approach is to cost saving along with the meeting of the expectation of the customers. From the perspective of this view, the focus of build in quality is reflected on the capabilities of product related in relation to the measurement of this quality by the customers.
In relation to the case study of Tesco, according to the principles of the approach of right first time, it should be take care by the organization that the process's result is error free. The purpose of considering this thing is reduce burden from the next task in relation to the predecessor task in order to error correction or the subsequent tasks may have to wait for reworking and as a result the production process can be delayed because of these reasons. Not only this, the cost of operation can be increased and the opportunities of increasing the cost of sales can be lost because of these things (Skrabec, Q.R, 2002). Performance standard can be defined through the aggregate performance standard breaking in relation to the expectation of customers where metrics of granular of each and every task is performed for the purpose of ensuring the value added system in each step with a view to the completion of operation process. The main purpose of adopting this approach is to cost saving along with the meeting of the expectation of the customers.
Task 1.4:
Monitoring system of Tesco Company:
An endeavour is taken by Tesco for the purpose of ensuring the good quality as well as monitoring the system of quality of Tesco within the products and services with the production of top unit from the perspective of consumer service through making goods with less value. The main feature of this form of product is durability, high quality and along with good with reasonable price and in relation to this form of product, company also provides alternative products so that consumers don't face any difficulties. This objective of Tesco is mainly directed towards the ensuring the better and effective services by the organization to the customers.
The production process with the feature of approximation is provided by the organization for example: commercialization and finance, in these areas, the concept of prompt production is applied by the organization for the purpose of ensuring the effective service process and products with good quality.
Some problems can be arisen in order to quality improvement within the organization such as: lack of resources, corporate direction lacking as long term, unavailability of training and skill, management commitment lacking etc.
在英国,最大的行业是由食品和饮料的零售行业，为三百万就业人民提供了在生产、制造业和零售业的工作。在2003年,国内生产总值(gdp)零售业占了9%(数据监控,2003)。目前,正在对英国超市与其供应商的关系进行详细的审查，特别是符合自家水平产品；尽管在过去的几十年中，网络供应的战略发展策略被认为是超市策略的重要元素。这份报告通过重点分析公司的外部环境和资源分析来表明超市公司的洞察力，也包括公司能力和文化。
In UK, the largest industry is represented by the retail sector of food and drink through which employment of three million peoples are provided at the primary production, manufacturing and retailing. In the year of 2003, gross domestic product of 9 percent is accounted by retail (Data monitor, 2003). At present year, scrutiny is conducting towards the supermarkets of UK in relation to the suppliers treatment specifically the products with own level though the strategy development of the network supply of strategy is considered as the significant element of the strategies of supermarket since the last decade. This report is indicated towards the insight of the company of supermarket by giving emphasis to the analysis of external environment and resources analysis of the company where competence and culture are also described.
政治环境—Political environment:
In relation to the political environment, the operation of the company is conducted in the globalized environment as competitive where in six countries in Europe, the operations of the company are shown such as: the UK; the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey and Poland. It also operates in Asia: in South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and Taiwan) (Data monitor Report, 2003). The conditions of political and legislative environment are influenced the performance of Tesco which focused towards the European Union (EU). The students with large numbers are employed by Tesco along with the workers as disabled and elder to which lower rates are paid. At the industry, where the worse condition of higher turnover of staff is occurred, loyalty with higher levels is offered by these workers and hence the employees as desirable are represented by this incidence.
经济因素—Economic factors:
In relation to the present economic condition of UK, it has been showed that fortune is on Tesco where bad effect is not towards Tesco while some retailers are affected through recession. Tesco is branded by itself where they sell their products to customers and hence products with a wide range and services with the reasonable prices in this way all market segments are faced the appealing process (Flavián, Haberberg. and Polo, 2002)
社会或文化因素—Social or cultural factors:
It has been indicated by the recent trends to the shifting of British customers towards bulk shopping and one stop, the results or outcomes of which are indicated towards the social changes with a wide range. It is having the Tesco of the items of non food with an increasing amount which has the sales availability.
It has been involved by the aspects of the factors of socio cultural factors in the analysis of PESTEL with the considerations for example: immigration in Eastern Europeans increasing or young professionals increasing. In generally, it has been shown that there is the trend of increasing demand of new goods such as: the person as career minded and also the single person. The showing incidences of the rising of meal which can be quickly made on microwave and easily carry with the person.
技术因素—Technological factors:
Tesco is significantly affected by the factors of technology in possibly specifically towards the growth of the internet using by the customers in UK. Capitalization can be achieved by the company through the online shopping using and offered the service of delivery by the website of the company (www.tesco.com). Instrument is the main element of Tesco which is contained by the company as a retailer in the reduction of supporting carbon and where sustainable amount of £ 100 is created for the purpose of increasing the fund of technology. Customers are also encouraged by the company to make the choice of using the products with low carbon. Though still now if the subject matter of corporate responsibilities are not taken by the Tesco as seriously which is related with the issues of environment then it can be resulted damaging the reputation of Tesco (Flavián, Haberberg. and Polo, 2002)#p#分页标题#e#
环境因素—Environmental factors:
It has been stated by Graiser and Scott (2004) that at the year of 2003 it has been intended by the government to new strategy launching for the purpose of consumption sustainability and as well as along with the production also in order to waste cutting, resources consumption reducing and the damage of environment damaging. It has been created by the recent legislation to new advertising tax which is imposed on highly processed advertising and the foods as fatty. A wide ranges of products of Tesco are affected by the tax on fat as so called which has been taken subsequently through which relationship among suppliers and customers can also be affected.
法律因素—Legislative Factors
In order to controls the monopoly and reducing the power of buyer in relation to the policy of the government, entry on this sector can be limited by this where such controls are occurred with the requirements of license and along with raw materials access can also be limited (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). For the purpose of implementing the policies of the pricing as politically improved, consumers are getting the facilities of reducing the prices by Tesco on purchasing the fuel, the basis of which is the amount spending towards the all groceries of stores. When lower prices are fixing up on the goods as promoted, then the prices in other stores are increasing for the purpose of compensating.
波特五力分析法—Porter's Five Forces analysis:
竞争者—Rivalry:
Few competitors as including of Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Safeway, recognized as four major brands, dominate the grocery market of UK and 70 percent of market share are possessed by them. In accordance with Ritz (2005), since last few years, the transformation of grocery market is done to the dominated business of supermarket. Power is built by the large chains because of efficiency of operation, stopping as one stop and major expenditure of marketing.
供应商的还价能力—Bargaining power of Suppliers:
Powers of suppliers are represented by this force through which major grocery chains are influenced and the large super market is feared of losing the business. Hence, stores' leading position for example: Tesco and Asda is consolidated by this for negotiating better prices of promotion from suppliers where it is difficult to match by the chain of small individual ( Ritz, 2005).
消费者的还价能力—Bargaining power of Buyers:
It has been theorized by Porter about the standardization or undifferentiated of the products where switching cost should be lower and therefore buyer contained more powers (Porter M. 1980). The most successful strategy of customer retention is of the famous loyalty card- club card of Tesco through which the profitability of the business of Tesco is increased. For the purpose of meeting the needs of customers, services should be customized, low prices ensuring, better choices, constant flow of the promotion of in store through which customer base controlling and retaining are enabling by the brands such as: Tesco. Recently, retailing of food with crucial changes faces by the company because of consumers with large demand in relation to the shopping of the supermarket where super market with greater need is shown in order to selling the items of non- food.
替代品的威胁—Threat of substitutes:
For a specific period of time, demand is reduced by the general substitution where alternatives are occurred from switching the consumers threat (Porter M. 1980). In the industry of grocery, product- for- product as in the form or need for substitutes and as well as new trends weakened for example: convenience of small chains which is emerged in the organization. In relation to the case of Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury, the operations as small scale as existing are acquired by these companies and express stores and metro are opened in the centre of city and local towns (Ritz, 2005).#p#分页标题#e#
竞争者的还价能力—Bargaining power of competitors:
Significant growth is achieved by the grocery environment from the perspective size and the dominance of market in relation to the larger players, with greater size of store, concentrating towards increasing the retailer and format ranging utilisations which are considered as the major characteristics of this sector. Retail buyers with small number is leaded the purchasing power of the industry of food retailing.
Task 1.2:
Shareholder Wealth Maximization Model:
Shareholder Wealth Maximization Model, unlike simple profit-maximization incorporates the time dimension and risk. The Shareholder-Wealth Maximization model (SWM) goal states that the objective of a firms management should be to maximize the present value of the expected future cash flows to equity owners (shareholders). Consider cash flows to be the same as profits. Hence, the value of a firms stock is equal to the present value of all expected future profits, discounted at the shareholders required rate of return.
In order to overcome the situation of credit crunch, it is very much needed to adopt the approach of establishing the good corporate governance in Tesco. But before discussing about the requirement or importance of corporate governance, I would like to explain about the aims and opportunities of adopting the corporate governance which are considered as the most common and specific in accordance with the bank's board members, investors, shareholders and stakeholders. The occurrence of good corporate governance can be happened when the direction of the board is giving importance towards the aim of achieving owner interest as long term and in relation to this aim the board also controlled the organization for the purpose of achieving this aim. For ensuring sound internal control of the Tesco, the authority of Tesco should think about the owner as well as stewardship of this bank. In brief and in general, good corporate governance can be defined as the maintenance of internal rules and regulations of the organization perfectly and properly. Within the Tesco board, the directors as non- executive also has the significant roles and responsibilities towards the Tesco but in separation of the roles and responsibilities of chief executive and board of chairman, the roles and responsibilities of non executive director has to take more responsibilities and duties. In order to the separate roles and responsibilities of board of directors, chairman and non executive directors, good corporate governance can be occurred.
Task 1.3:
There has been growing degree of overlap between a company's economic and environmental performance is "eco-efficiency". At the same time, too, there are early signs that as the sustainability agenda becomes a board level issue, we will see growing overlaps with the whole corporate government agenda.
Environmental changes have a great impact on an organization like as Tesco apply fossil fuel in its transport network. Demand decreasing is also a major challenge. For reducing carbon, Tesco is always being a energy company of instrumental which establishing the sustainable technology fund. They always try to provide customer low carbon food and encourage them to choice this kind of food. It can be bad impact on Tesco if they don't take corporate responsibility seriously in order to issues of environment.
Workplace Health and Safety Measures:
The company thinks that their ethical stance is a way of considering, caring, and responding to issues within society, illustrating that they are a socially responsive organisation. Their main aim is to utilize and leverage every opportunity to develop the level of awareness and depth of understanding of various social responsibility issues, policies and practices so that they can increase their roles to society.
Ethical Issues:
Tesco performance is directly impacted by the various legislation and policies of the government. For example: it has been suggested by the commission of food retailing (FRC) that it should be needed to set up the code of practices as enforceable through which various current practices can be banned for example: suppliers payment asking by the company and agreed prices changing without giving any notice (Mintel Report, 2004). The competitors and their powerful presence along with the brand establishment create the threats of the intense wars of price and along with the differentiation of products with strong requirements.#p#分页标题#e#
Corporate Social Responsibility:
The social responsibilities of Tesco's on the state are influential to the operations of the company. Â These entail accusations of environmental damage. Â Among the reasons why they are charged with such claims is the employ of non-biodegradable substances.
The term 'corporate social responsibility' has been defined as the conversion of the process of self regulation into the specific model of business (Lynch, R, 2009). The corporate social responsibility's main function is focused on the self regulation mechanism. In relation to the organization's responsibilities, monitoring functions are adopted by the organization for the purpose of standard of ethics controlled and handled. In order to the international marketing, organization's monitoring process is related towards its rules and regulations.
In relation to the corporate social responsibility of Tesco, build in quality of Tesco are concentrated towards the performance efficiency ensuring in relation to the activities sub transformation. The effectiveness measurement is directed towards the performance standard defined by the customer. Performance standard can be defined through the aggregate performance standard breaking in relation to the expectation of customers where metrics of granular of each and every task is performed for the purpose of ensuring the value added system in each step with a view to the completion of operation process. The main purpose of adopting this approach is to cost saving along with the meeting of the expectation of the customers. From the perspective of this view, the focus of build in quality is reflected on the capabilities of product related in relation to the measurement of this quality by the customers.
In relation to the case study of Tesco, according to the principles of the approach of right first time, it should be take care by the organization that the process's result is error free. The purpose of considering this thing is reduce burden from the next task in relation to the predecessor task in order to error correction or the subsequent tasks may have to wait for reworking and as a result the production process can be delayed because of these reasons. Not only this, the cost of operation can be increased and the opportunities of increasing the cost of sales can be lost because of these things (Skrabec, Q.R, 2002). Performance standard can be defined through the aggregate performance standard breaking in relation to the expectation of customers where metrics of granular of each and every task is performed for the purpose of ensuring the value added system in each step with a view to the completion of operation process. The main purpose of adopting this approach is to cost saving along with the meeting of the expectation of the customers.
Task 1.4:
Monitoring system of Tesco Company:
An endeavour is taken by Tesco for the purpose of ensuring the good quality as well as monitoring the system of quality of Tesco within the products and services with the production of top unit from the perspective of consumer service through making goods with less value. The main feature of this form of product is durability, high quality and along with good with reasonable price and in relation to this form of product, company also provides alternative products so that consumers don't face any difficulties. This objective of Tesco is mainly directed towards the ensuring the better and effective services by the organization to the customers.
The production process with the feature of approximation is provided by the organization for example: commercialization and finance, in these areas, the concept of prompt production is applied by the organization for the purpose of ensuring the effective service process and products with good quality.
Some problems can be arisen in order to quality improvement within the organization such as: lack of resources, corporate direction lacking as long term, unavailability of training and skill, management commitment lacking etc.
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