伦敦大学学院 (University College London)硕士课程dissertation资料：中国的第四方物流建设

1. The construction of the Chinese 4PL
中国第四方物流建设

Chinese 4PL is still in a initial stage and there is no mature 3PL, government, platform standard, credit system and market supporting. At the same time, it is impossible to copy the western developed 4PL enterprise which are based on the 3PL. This requires the development of Chinese 4PL to find out the road for their own. (YAO J.-M., & LIU L.-W., 2008)
中国第四方物流仍处于初始阶段，有没有成熟的第三方物流，政府，平台标准，信用体系和市场支持。在同一时间，这是不可能复制西部开发的基于3PL的4PL企业。这就要求中国第四方物流的发展，为自己找出路。

1.1 The construction of 4PL credit system in China
中国的第四方物流信用体系建设

The NingBo 4PL credit information platform (Figure 5) is measure and carrier which is played a role by credit system. To achieve the integration of 4PL and credit system is to combine credit information platform and each links of 4PL market- supply 4PL market member enterprises credit conduct to credit information platform. When members access to 4PL market, the credit information platform for members to provide for review of the main credit reporting companies which take consideration of the screening process. 4PL market members transaction , payment situation is one of the collection contents within credit information platform. Credit information platform collect credit records process by members of the 4PL market to evaluate credit ratings. Credit information platform will feed back evaluation results information to the 4PL market, government authorities, banks and other member companies to adopt the basis of reward and punishment, so that the restriction of the credit system really be implemented. (Mao, 2010)
宁波第四方物流信用信息平台（图5）是信用体系发挥了作用的措施和载体。第四方物流和信用体系的整合是为了实现信用信息平台和第四方物流4PL市场供应市场成员企业信用行为信用信息平台的各个环节结合起来。

Figure 5: The integration of NingBo 4PL and credit system framework (own illustration)
图5：宁波第四方物流和信用体系框架的整合（自己的插图）

Integration credit system design:
整合信贷系统的设计：

(1) Government-led and market-oriented operation.
(2) The main part of 4PL market is composed of 4PL market implementing and commercial bank which is called double principal part.
(3) Combine between credit system and 4PL market.

4PL credit information platform:  http://ukthesis.org/dissertation_sample/
第四方物流信用信息平台：#p#分页标题#e#

Credit system is a important measure to control the 4PL market trade risk, there into including the construction of credit, collection of the credit information, announcement of credit and application of the credit. Therefore, the core design of 4PL and credit system integrated are consolidate and apply credit system and the construction of the 4PL credit information platform is basis for the integrated design. 4PL credit information platform manage credit information, through collection, collating and comment logistic enterprises credit information so that it forms basic bank credit information, systematic combine trade and transaction credit information to service logistic enterprise credit information and report for the business bank, some department and 4PL market. (BUYUKOZKAN, G., FEYZIOGLU, O., & SAKIR ERSOY, M., 2009)
学分制是一个重要的措施来控制的第四方物流市场贸易风险包括信贷，信用信息的收集，公布的信贷和信贷的应用建设，有进。因此，第四方物流和信用卡系统集成的核心设计是巩固和运用信用体系和第四方物流信用信息平台建设为一体的综合设计是基础。

 


Figure 6: NingBo 4PL credit information platform framework (own illustration)
图6：宁波第四方物流信用信息平台框架（自己的插图）

The constructed framework of NingBo practise 4Plcredit information platform is showed by Figure. It is supported by national credit information system of the People’s Bank of China to construct data exchange platform. Through collection of the member enterprise commercial credit information(trade information), it will exchange the data which combine commercial administration and other government department, and consolidate NingBo individual credit information system and bank risk information sharing system. (Mao, 2010)
宁波的实践4Plcredit信息平台构建的框架图显示。它是由国家信用信息系统，人民银行，中国建设数据交换平台的支持。

4PL credit evaluation system
第四方物流信用评价体系

According to logistic enterprise credit evaluation standard, 4PL market credit information platform analyse the logistic enterprise credit information to form report of the credit situation. NingBo 4PL market credit evaluation standard is mainly consist of enterprise formal qualification, credit record, finicial structure, debt ability, operation ability, operation profit and development potential. (Mao, 2010)
根据物流企业信用评价标准，第四方物流市场信用信息平台，物流企业信用信息进行分析，形成信贷情况的报告。宁波第四方物流市场信用评价标准主要是由企业正式资质，信用记录，结构finicial，债务的能力，经营能力，经营利润和发展潜力。#p#分页标题#e#

Members admittance credit system
会员准入信用体系

Main body of 4PL market review the application for enterprise credit to determine different type of membership. The main body of the credit review is composed of the main body implementation of the 4PL market and commercial bank. Commercial banks are required to provide service which access to the core members of the review, payment and relevant financing preferential policies and discipline dishonest violations. Commercial banks should be signed 4PL market financial service agreement with the main body implementation of 4PL market, especially for clearing the rights and duties. (BUYUKOZKAN, G., FEYZIOGLU, O., & SAKIR ERSOY, M. 2009)
第四方物流市场主体审查企业信用，以确定不同类型的会员资格申请。信贷审查的主体是由第四方物流市场和商业银行的主体实施。商业银行被要求提供服务的核心成员的审查，付款及相关的融资优惠政策和纪律不诚实的违规访问。

Trade credit peer assessment system
贸易信贷同行评审系统

“Trade peer assessment” is peer assessment conduct which is through the payment of transport carrier and principal to complete a transaction in 4PL market. It is not only consist of evaluation content, positive rate and credit standing, but also it can’t be modified. For purposes of the transport carrier and principal in 4PL market, the evaluation and credit standing is the important metrics. At the same time, the evaluation content, positive rate and credit standing will be saved on the customer file. (ZHANG, H., LI, X., & LIU, W. 2005)
“贸易同行评审”是同侪互评的行为，而这是通过运输载体和本金支付完成交易，在第四方物流市场。它不仅包括评价内容，阳性率和信誉，但也不能修改。

Online payment credit system
在线支付信用体系

Payment credit is the main characteristic in the integration design project of the 4PL and credit system, through establishment of the finincial transaction receiving and payment under the supervision of the commercial bank to ensure the trust of the transaction of the both parts online payment. Before application to become the core members of the 4PL, enterprise must sign online settlement agreement with 4PL market main body and commercial bank to ensure the relevant rights and obligations. Commercial bank will support overdraft and financing service for integrity compliance core members according to the credit situation of the core members so that it will improve the effeciency of the online transaction to the 4PL market. In the meantime establishment of the blacklist system, the member who have not successful transaction members due to insufficient funds in bank accounts for more than three times will be blacklisted. (ZHANG, H., LI, X., & LIU, W. 2006)
付款信贷的主要特点就是第四方物流和信用体系建设中的一体化设计项目，通过建立的财政交易对商业银行的监督下接收和付款，以确保两个部分网上支付交易的信任。#p#分页标题#e#

Core member in the 4PL market online payment will be decided on solution of online bank payment style. Commercial bank will adopt CA certificate and electronic cryptography to certificate for payment instruction of core members. 4PL market offer two style of payment mode, payment received and convention, to the transaction of core members. Both parts of the transaction need to ensure one style of the payment mode.
第四方物流市场网上支付的核心成员将决定解决方案网上银行支付风格的。商业银行将采用CA证书和电子支付指令的核心成员证书加密来。第四方物流市场提供两种风格的支付模式，收到货款和惯例，交易的核心成员。两个部分的交易需要确保支付模式的一种风格。

Credit announcement and union punishment system
信用公告和工会的惩罚制度

Credit record is an act of the factual record which is not constraining force on its own. Only to take credit released, credit co-disciplinary, and other means which is influence on credit record actors, the credit record can have truly constraining force. On the one hand, for the well creditor should be given incentives, on the other hand, for the bad creditor not only should be discipline, but the joint punishment. The integration of 4PL and credit system design, the application of credit information is the important necessary part. (LI, X., YING, W., LIU, W., CHEN, J., & HUANG, B. 2003)
信用记录是一个行为的事实的记录，这是不是自身的约束力。只有采取信用发布，信用合作的纪律，这是影响信用记录演员等手段，信用记录可以有真正的约束力。