日本家庭的意识形态：The Family Ideological of Japan

Eassy Plan本文的计划

我的文章计划是我写这篇文章总体上的一个逻辑，我认为思想文化是相互影响的，要真正了解日本家庭意识形态，就必须先了解国家的意识形态，也就是说我们必须了解该国的文化影响和文化认同。

My eassy plan is to develop the overall logic of the article. I think the ideology and culture is interaction. To really understand Japanese family ideology, we must understand the national ideology, and also we must understand the country's cultural impact and cultural identity.

我的逻辑是，先分析日本文化的最初的历史，然后在这个文化意识的形态之下做出分析。然后在分析这两个领域的基础上，分析家庭与意识。最后从丰田的管理风格中得出结论。因为社会的家庭观念的影响属于一个有争议的问题，所以希望在导师的指导下，我的结论能够更成熟，更全面。 
My logic is analysis the history of Japanese culture at first, and then in the context of this cultural ideology. Then I analysis the family awareness on the basis of these two areas. Finally, with Toyota's management style to get the conclusion. Because family ideology impact of social belongs to a controversial issue, hope under the guidance of instructors, my conclusion to be more mature and more comprehensive.

 

On culture就文化上而言

 

Every nation has a national spirit and every country has a national culture, Japan is also like this. Past history, despite the Japanese culture, in its formation and development, take outside culture as intermediary all the time, but it has its own roots. Looking at Japanese history, we can divide it into several culture periods.

From the seventh century to the mid-19th century, is Japan's feudal society historical period. Taisho Era (1912-1926), the background characteristic of times issues the Taisho culture coming into being as well as having the distinct modernity here.[1]Advocate establishing ego the modern times, propagate an individualism,  rationalism, is become a tone of Taisho cultural. Next is the Showa era (1926-1989), are special times, also very contradictory. The development of the nation itself in a conflict with the overall development of the world. At the same time, because of the cultural impact of feudal society front and back, very far-reaching impact on social culture awareness and the family culture awareness.[2]The Japanese culture always has the superiority of absorb multivariant culture, in the process of integrate itself into the world culture, which will be more prosperous. Japan's culture direct impact on the minds of the Japanese, including the Japanese family, the family ideology. For example, the Japanese graded habits in the life, as in class relations strong like in the family. Throughout the history, Japan has been a hierarchical class society. A nationality that has few centuries customary hierarchy, both has its major good qualities, as well as its major weaknesses. Japanese loyalty to the emperor of Japan, After thin melt arrives at a family, is the loyalty to family, and in business is unlimited loyalty to the business, the following example, the Toyota company, on this point it considerable carried on the history of Japan. But its shortcomings is the status quo of women have no status of the feudal society also inherited. Japanese is the people's own language of Japan. In the long-term social evolution there were men and women "are different," namely, the existence of female specialized for the use of the "female language." Female language can be described as a feudal society in the awareness of gender disparities and "patriarchal" consciousness. This side reflects the family ideology of Japan.#p#分页标题#e#

 

While the thinking of Western influence in Japan, but at this point, the traditional concept has some changes.

 

On Japan's ideology就日本的意识形态而言

 

The first ideology factor is "Shinto national consciousness." Japan take Shinto for national religion, Shinto strictly speaking not a religion, but a ideology dominated by state. Shinto national consciousness is gradually established accompanied by Japan's national orientation and cultural transformation.

 

The second ideology factor that affect Japan's policy toward China is the so-called of Western-style freedom and democracy theory. Under the background of domestic economy remains in the doldrums and the historical issues perplex long-standing. The Japan's political started step the United States footsteps, to apply in the name of Western-style democracy freedom.

 

The third ideology of Japan is the narrow nationalism. This ideology is a very small part of people. In other Asian countries, such people as the negative examples of Japan became the  mainstream ideology.

 

Relate to historical reasons, the multifaceted impact of social ideology. I would like to discuss the ideology of the family for my learning  knowledge and my personal experience during this period of time in Japan. The discussions, maybe some errors in it.

 

 

Under the impact of Japan's Shinto national awareness, the Japanese loyalty to the emperor of Japan can be very sincere. The existence of the Japanese emperor, from its origins in history, this is inverted by the incompletely revolution. This form of a capitalist system is a result of Japan's feudal class and the bourgeoisie "agreement", as the capitalist system itself, this is incomplete revolution, but it is very consistent for the conditions of Japan. Because Shinto national awareness is deeply rooted in the ordinary people, including the revolutionary capitalists.[3]

 

The favour in the ideology对意识形态的青睐

 

Favour, in the benefit of the first and largest kindness, which means "royal", in the sense of boundless loyalty to use. Throughout Japan's history, the biggest benefactor of someone is the highest superiors of his life circle. This figure changes with the times, and the family as well. Most important, it seems that is not who is the highest superiors, but in the past several hundred years, the habit of "did not forget kindness" occupy the highest position in the Japanese habit. The modern Japan, such feelings focus on the emperor. The Japanese preference for an increase of the "royal"'s feelings.

 

People also recceive the favour from the people that low status than the emperor. Accepted the favour from parents, is to say that the children must work hard to repay for they owe the favour which from their parents. Therefore, children must strive to obey their parents. The Japanese interpretation of it is very realistic.  Parents take care of their child is to repay the favour that received from their parents in childhood. People take care of their children as their parents, which partially repay the favour of parents, the obligation for the children only subordinate to the "favour of parents" This ideology, formed the essence of the Japanese ideology.#p#分页标题#e#

 

Favour: someone "accepted favour" all from the passive stance to come into being obligations. Imperial, supplied by the emperor. Loving-kindness, by the parents, the favour  supplied by the master and the favour supplied by the division commander. The “favour” that accepted in the life in contact with all kinds of people.

 

The corresponding obligations of:

 

Obligations.义务。

 

Loyalty, the obligations for emperor, laws and Japan's national. Filial piety, the obligations for both parents and ancestors. Tasks, their work obligations.

 

Comradeship友谊

 

The obligations to social, the obligations to monarch, the obligations to close relative, the obligations to others. So that, we have considerable understanding the main family ideology of Japan. Of course, also including the Japanese people's understanding of such honor.

 

On the management model of Toyota丰田的管理模式

 

Let’s look at the example of Toyota's corporate culture and family consciousness idea combine.

 

In the scope of Toyota’s education is not limited to vocational education, but also to further in-depth personal spheres of life. Toyota's president had made such an answer: "Personnel Management and education, in essence, is through education to mobilize everyone's energy." The basic idea of Toyota’s education is "mobilization drive" at the core. This have great similarity with pay a debt of gratitude of family ideological.[4]

 

This kind of consciousness infiltrate into Toyota’s ideological education, permeate family consciousness to business administration. Toyota created a series of activity forms of spirit education, informal activities are two-fold: ①group activities within the company. ②personal contact sport. Small groups of participants can more freely, close contact, as this sense of team training is very helpful for staff. Companies do not interfere gathering activities, nor restrictions. Workers with personal contributions to set up such groups, the leader is elected, and to take the rotation system. So everyone has the opportunity to be first leaders to " bring an ability into play ". This way has some similars and differences with class levels of family awareness. [5]

 

Personal contact and the "senior" system. For the new workers to familiar with the new environment, Toyota has proposed a issue of "warm welcome new workers", in this regard, adopted a form of "personal contact". This kind of practice is, elect a senior, he was identified as "full-time senior" for the new worker. The senior charged with the guidance of all things, which produced very good results. On the relationships, life and workshop, the senior gave the guidance and care, balanced the interpersonal relationships and superior-subordinate relationship. The company approach to institutionalize this "senior". In addition, there are "leading personal contact" system. Toyota's management and backbone are very competent, but also because they are after this multifaceted training drive. They have mastered the technical knowledge of the system, a personnel management experience in the workshop, this method is the important manifestation of Toyota’s family ideology in the management.#p#分页标题#e#

 

Conclusion结论

 

Coceptually speaking, Toyota's enterprise management and enterprise culture is not so complicated, emphasize family awareness, that is a hierarchy, and stressed that ownership responsibility. The corporation of Toyota's culture and family awareness management, created the Toyota culture, and also create a industrial miracle of Toyota.

 

Japan's own culture and cultural forms determines social consciousness, and the social consciousness affected family awareness, and the given example embodied an impact of society consciousness and family consciousness over social life sufficiently. And my writing starting point, confined space, only emphasize one or two points, not enough details, and not comprehensive enough. Hope honorable mentor to guide and correct my shortcomings, thank you.

 

References文献参考

 

"The Masterpiece Translates Collection of Japan Sociology", Translated by Liu Keshen, 2001

 

"Religion and Japan society", Translated by Niu Jianke，2004

 

"Society Comments on Japan",Translated by WangYi，2005

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