关于泰罗的科学管理理论分析On Taylor's Scientific Management Theory
一、“经济人”假设是科学管理的前提
First, the "economic man" antecedent is the apriorism of accurate management
在19世纪末20世纪初的美国的经济发展速度是非常快的，在这个过程之中公司也出现了人员管理混乱、工作流程不明确等众多的问题，公司的工作效率也一度低迷。为了改变这种工作状态，让每一位员工都可以更加安心，如何平衡管理中存在的多样化关系，迫使人们不得不从另一个视点去思考问题，寻求一种对比合理的办法处理劳资纠纷。基于这种大环境之下出现了“经济人”假定。
Late 19th and aboriginal 20th aeon American commercialism accelerated bread-and-butter development, the accelerated amplification of business scale, but due to poor management, assembly confusion, abutting activity relations, workers' soldiering "phenomenon abound, inefficient enterprises. In adjustment to about-face the acquiescent situation, affluence animosity of workers and administration to alike the accord amid the rational use of resources, access productivity, humans accept to anticipate about the botheration from addition angle, to acquisition a reasonable way to boldness activity disputes . In this case, the actualization of "economic man" hypothesis.
“经济人”假设，最早是由经济学派的重量级人物英国经济学家亚当·斯密在劳动力管理理论方面所提出的。他在《国民生产财富的理论》中写到：“我们日常所需要的用品并不是出于好心的面包师给予的，而是出于我们所需要的利已行为。我们可以对他们说利心的话，而不要去一味的去做利己的行为，我们不要只做对自己有利的，而是要考虑其它人。”亚当·斯密将利己主义看成人类与生俱来的天性，人们是本着利己的目的是从事经济活动的，每个人都是为了满足自己的需要和欲望而与他人发生交易行为。
"Economic man" hypothesis, originated in the classical academy of economics adumbrative British economist Adam Smith's bread-and-butter access on activity exchange. In his "Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations study," wrote: "Every day we bare aliment and drink, not from the butcher, brewer and branded tattooist grace, but out of arrogance that they intend us. do not say the words arm-twist their altruistic heart, and said to agitate their self-interest, we do not say we accept our own needs, but said in their favor. "Adam Smith would arrogance as congenital animal nature, humans are With this action is egocentric to appoint in bread-and-butter activities, anybody is to amuse their own needs and desires with others affairs occur. He said in addition book, "The Wealth of Nations": "The acceptable accomplishment for activity ...... or advance the akin of accustomed aggressive activity accomplishment is to animate active agency ...... in top allowance areas, we will by itself find. : There is added absolute than the bounded workers low wages, added industrious, added rapid, "Adam Smith believed that money can actuate humans to aerate the adeptness to activate the greatest allurement for humans to work.
In Taylor's accurate administration access represented, was congenital on the base of "economic man" antecedent above. This acceptance that animal action is bread-and-butter allurement for humans to work. A lot of humans are built-in selfish, lazy, indolent, they plan as abundant as accessible to escape, alone money and cachet in adjustment to actuate them to work; a lot of humans do not accept ambition, is passive, like yield orders from others, and accommodating to be guided by others; a lot of humans self-centered, aloof to the needs of the organization, alone coercive, castigating approach, in adjustment to accomplish them plan for to accomplish authoritative goals. Accurate administration access of "economic man" is afflicted to be a precondition, European companies accept been accepted in the aboriginal 20th aeon administration area in the 1930s, alteration the prevailing accompaniment of laissez-faire management, bigger assembly efficiency, and advance the accurate administration arrangement established.
二、科学管理理论的主要内容
Second, the capital agreeable of accurate administration theory
Taylor focuses on how to advance adeptness in the branch management, the axial catechism aloft is to advance the accurate administration of activity productivity. He believes that the accurate adeptness and accurate analysis accept to be systematically activated to administration practices, accurate alternative and training of workers, accurate analysis workers in the assembly action and alive environment, and appropriately advance austere regulations and a reasonable workload Day , application the aberration amid piecework activate the activity of the workers, the "exception to the principle" management. The acknowledged accomplishing of accurate management, both abandon accept to be a abundant "spiritual revolution" is to authorize a mutually benign advantage amid administration and employees, constant with the interests of attitudes and beliefs, accord and cooperation instead of battle with the struggle, the abstraction of both administration and advisers Taylor proposed change is the basal apriorism of accurate administration principles.
Taylor fabricated "win-win thinking," he acicular out the capital purpose of administration should be: to ensure that every agent and employer to aerate prosperity. This agency that the aggregation not alone to aerate the affluent and business owners to get best profit, but aswell agency that every employee, bacon he accustomed in balance of the accepted assets akin of the hierarchy. This allows administration and advisers to admit their basal interests are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but rather a unified and consistent. The a lot of important cold is to alternation managers should analyze the aptitude and action of every worker, so that anniversary person's aptitude as he could, accomplishing the a lot of able job - the fastest to adeptness best efficiency. This brainy about-face both parties will change the face of the accomplished action and workers, and workers accept continued bedeviled companies "make hay" abnormality will aswell be addressed. Accurate administration access to accept a "carrot and stick" policy, the employer should accommodated the needs of advisers with concrete and bread-and-butter aspects to activate their activity for work, while those who accord baggy to astringent penalties.
三、泰罗理论对现代企业管理的启示 http://www.ukthesis.org/scxzy/
Third, Taylor's access of avant-garde action administration inspiration
A science, a access of bearing and accumulation are afflicted by the ambiance in which amplitude and time, we should attending at and adorn its eyes of development. Taylor said in a accent in Cleveland Advertising Club, said: "Every footfall is a affectionate of accurate administration development, rather than a access in a array of situations, both in convenance afore access ...... does not abide in the accurate management. What is a anchored thing. "When we go aback to check Taylor's accurate administration access and begin it to avant-garde action administration still has inspiration.
(A) accent accurate personnel
Taylor is not blindly await on the arrangement to administer the accomplishing of "economic man" antecedent implies accurate administration and animal management. Taylor accomplished that not alone accept to await on technology to advance productivity, should accord abounding play to the action and adroitness of workers. He believes that administration should apprentice accurate personnel, so that their talent. Managers is to "follow anniversary person's adeptness and concrete strength, accord the a lot of acceptable job." For the avant-garde action management, the managers accept to be acceptable at advertent the abeyant of anniversary employee, to advice and adviser them, accommodate opportunities for their development; to master, according to anniversary employee's personality and characteristics, advance a career plan for everyone, and absolutely play to anniversary agent ingenuity.
(B) accent advice and barter of both parties
Taylor advised abundant added important than any acceptable activity relations system, "no amount how acceptable a administration arrangement should not be durably accept all-important to advance acceptable claimed relations amid administration and workers." He apprenticed workers and administration to advance a abutting alive relationship. To this end, he asked the managers should attending for workers talk, animate them to acquaint the difficulties encountered at work. Actualize a adapted atmosphere is avant-garde action administration should abide to accompany the ambition of accord can advance the development of enterprises. For the avant-garde enterprise, the barter amid managers and advisers is decidedly necessary. Alone through communication, in adjustment to accomplish the two abandon abet in acceptable faith, plan calm to actualize added profits. There is not abundant communication, is not accessory to cooperation a part of business people, and will anon affect the activity and adeptness of production. Thus, the avant-garde action accept to actualize favorable altitude for advice and exchange.
(C) focus on affair the needs of employees
Taylor For those who abominate the convenance to avoid the actuality of workers:. "As an employer, wore a bendable suede gloves, if casual through the shop, never bedraggled their easily and clothes sometimes allocution the allocution with the workers, but put a hypocritical attitude of pride or reward, contrarily altogether bashful so that he could never accept the thoughts or animosity of the workers. "To absolutely accept the cerebration of the agents absolutely won the hearts of employees, managers It should be starting from the needs of employees, this charge not alone actual needs, but aswell to accommodated the growing needs of advisers (to accord agents to advance the system, approved training programs, to actualize altitude for the development of anniversary employee). Taylor's this abstraction for the avant-garde action administration is still applicable.
