art market commodity two factors characteristic of Exploration:艺术品市场的商品二因素特殊性探微

Marx believed that commodity is a need to meet the people and for the exchange of products of labor. Commodity use value and value two factors. Use value is the product of the natural attributes, it reflects the relationship between man and nature; the value of the commodity nature of property, which reflects the relationship between people. Commodity use value and value paradox, use value and value exists between the dialectical relationship between opposites. Based on Marx's analysis of commodity two factors logic, art as a commodity, the same as with the use of general merchandise value and value of the dual attributes. However, because art has individual creativity, persistence resistance stability, cultural rarity, can not be copied and enlarged utility and other characteristics, therefore, works of art with the use value and value compared to general merchandise and unique.

马克思认为，商品是指能够满足人们某種需要并用来交换的劳动产品。商品具有使用价值和价值两个因素。使用价值是商品的自然属性，它反映的是人与自然的关系；价值则是商品的本质属性，它反映的是人与人之间的关系。商品是使用价值和价值的矛盾统一体，使用价值和价值之间存在着对立统一的辩证关系。依据马克思对商品二因素的逻辑分析，艺术品作为商品，同一般商品一样具有使用价值和价值的双重属性。然而，由于艺术品具有个体创造性、耐稳持久性、文化稀有性、不可复制性以及效用放大性等特性，因此，艺术品的使用价值和价值同一般商品相比又具有特殊性。 

First, the use value of the particularity of art

艺术品使用价值的特殊性 

The value in use is the common property of all commodities have one. Use value of art and the general value of goods, compared with a directional aesthetic, natural durability and multiple consumer and other features.

使用价值是一切商品具有的共同属性之一。艺术品的使用价值与一般商品的使用价值相比，具有审美指向性、自然持久性和多重消费性等特征。 

1 aesthetic point of

And the pursuit of aesthetic needs is a human instinct force, art is able to enter the field of commodity exchange, precisely because it can meet people's spiritual needs. Any artwork will guide the audience to concentrate or select enter into a visual form by a finite positive sense and reflect the unique state of consciousness infinite aesthetic process, which is not available in other commodity-specific attributes. Although some commodities also has a certain aesthetic attributes, for people to use when they can bring people to enjoy some of America's intuitive, such as cars, houses, Ciwan and cups, etc., but this is not the aesthetic fundamental properties of these commodities to meet the needs of people's material life is its main role. And art is a commodity, in that it has a special, pointing to the potential role of the aesthetic. Different art also has different aesthetic attributes, and aphrodisiac sex is art important feature of aesthetic emotion point. Aphrodisiac sex is art in the context of a particular aesthetic aesthetic audiences who can induce a variety of self-generated emotional response characteristics. For example, Flanders painter Peter Paul Rubens with joy and ease brushwork, dynamic and strong and full of rich colors, magnificent scenes and vibrant characters, infections, and encouraging people to read the full gorgeous fiery, passionate filled with the joy of chapters; Again in Norway expressionist painter Edvard Munch's "The Scream" screen, a seemingly endless bridge standing face horror, her hands to her ears people around shrouded red, blue, green, ocher extremely exaggerated and distorted the composition of the color line, shook conveys the loneliness and despair of those who can not get rid of worldly anxiety. It can be said, different artwork see each other may lead to differences in emotional experience, the same works of art by the audience because of the level of aesthetic differences, there may be a different emotional experience, but the emotional experience is universal, and can be examined and tested out . Through this test, you can separate the art and non-art.#p#分页标题#e#

(2) natural persistence

The use of general merchandise value is dynamic, development, history, the same kind of goods for humans, in different historical periods have different purposes. For example, the production of the Qin Dynasty bronze objects, mainly for cooking device, containers, musical instruments, weapons, etc., then gradually evolved into a ritual, a right and a symbol of wealth, and modern use it for exhibition, collection and decoration. With the evolution and change, the usefulness of the product is constantly changing and developing, rather than intrinsic constant, which is the dynamic nature of the value of goods. Artwork compared with other commodities, its value has a natural persistence. This was mainly due to natural persistence art aesthetic value (where "value" is defined as a philosophical category of the "value" refers to the existence of the object, as well as their role changes for a given body needs and the development of a suitable , close to or consistent with) the objective existence, that is, whether ancient, modern or future, whether East or West, as long as a work of art, the aesthetic value of all aesthetic subjects who are eternal. As for the cultural values ​​of art and collectibles, investment and auction has economic value, although variability, but these values ​​are the aesthetic value of alienation, not the nature of art.

3 of multiple consumer

General merchandise with a one-time consumption and gradually disappear as consumer use value http://www.ukthesis.org/scxzy characteristics. In everyday life, of similar goods, consumers have to keep buying in order to meet daily needs. For example, food, pharmaceutical, power, etc. are typical of disposable consumer goods, used after its consumption function is lost. Others, such as houses, cars and appliances, and other consumer goods, though not one, but its effect will be diminishing over time. Artwork and general merchandise different, with repeated use and reuse of properties. When a person to obtain a work of art through the transaction, not only for contemporary people to enjoy, but also passed to future generations to enjoy, while its consumption value will not be reused changed significantly. The reason is that general merchandise is to be consumed as a form of physical objects, works of art but also to physical entities although as a medium for consumers to enjoy, but people consume this substance is not the medium itself, but substances carried by the media cultural symbols, even if these substances entities may damage in the consumption process, but they do not affect its cultural symbols to convey and interpret, aesthetic value will not be reduced.

Second, the characteristic value of the art form  

Body art is art and materialized media carrier entity. Body art is the art of condensation artists mental and physical energy labor contract agreement, it is through the creative recording artists, material selection, the idea of ​​drawing, image-building, emotional communication, screen configuration, and other creative skills to use practice reflects the process, the decision is to build the value of the physical effects, but also communication between artists and audiences have a strong emotional bridge. Physical media carriers are artists in the creative process of practical activities, the use of different tools and materials, techniques and processing methods to render, communicate, reflect their creative intent, and knowledge representation symbolic content material media system. Thus, the value of art is necessarily the formation process of artistic creation ontological value the uniqueness and value of physical media carrier to form individual or generic unity of opposites, the two relations are inseparable and complementary.

Artwork Original artwork and copy into works of art, which is divided into artificial copy copy artwork art and mechanical reproduction of works of art categories. Original artwork rich themes, styles, as one, each piece is different. Because each piece is unique and innovative, complex qualities that are important in the value structure, mainly to create a work of art itself the value of art work that is unique identity, recognition by the artists' individual labor time formation of value particularity. Artificial copy of the same work of art because of the limited number of moves and has a facsimile transmission, reproduction of the important characteristics of charm in value composition, creating work of art itself is in the unit value of commodities still account for a large component. Huge number of mechanical reproduction of art, stereotyped in the value composition, highlighting the value of the carrier medium is materialized, creating work of art itself is in the unit value of goods contained negligible proportion. Thus, original artwork and artificial copy of the value is determined by market acceptance of individual labor time, with individuality; mechanical reproduction of art value, the body part by market acceptance of individual labor time, the carrier part by socially necessary labor time. In addition, there is a class art ranged between original and copy, and the creation of a limited number of short production cycle, such as silkscreen printing products. Such art can reflect the same artistic level, but also has its own unique language of painting, although the plural nature of printed features, but also the spirit of the original work, therefore, its artistic value in the unit body weight of goods should be more than physical media carrier component. Determine the value of art can not be based solely on the value of the body art, while ignoring the value of the carrier medium materialized; Or materialized only recognized the value of the carrier medium, the body does not recognize the value of artistic creation, which fits-all perspective is often lost in the biased, it is easy to produce a unique understanding of sexual and social misunderstandings. In a market economy conditions, on the one hand, to fully recognize the value of body art, and establish and improve relevant intellectual property system, which is both the essence of respect for the arts and culture, but also the outcome of the original artists legitimate recognition and rights protection, also play a role in stimulating innovation; the other hand, must be objective and impartial evaluation and recognition of the value of the carrier medium materialized in circulation during the ongoing exchange of art prices adjusted so that the art "quality and price" is more consistent and stability and achieve the body and the physical media art vector value of unity.