东安格利亚大学University of East Anglia:浅析服装企业自主创新战略选择研究

Enterprises are the main body of independent innovation. However, China's garment enterprises currently inadequate capacity of independent innovation, innovation system is not perfect, the lack of digestion and absorption of advanced technologies, technological innovation, original design and development capacity is weak. 2004 National Industrial Census show that the national industrial enterprises above designated size for R & D investment accounted for sales revenue of 0.56% only 0.3% of the textile industry. Many foreign companies interested in the purchase of production equipment to the introduction of technology, ignoring the soft technology introduction and digestion and absorption of imported technology innovation, the result can only be "the introduction, introduction, and the introduction of" technical condition of the domestic apparel industry in general has not been fundamental change.

企业是自主创新的主体。但是，我国服装企业目前自主创新能力不足，创新体系不健全，缺乏对先进技术的消化吸收能力，技术创新、原创设计开发能力弱。2004年全国工业普查显示，全国规模以上工业企业用于研发方面的投入占销售收入的比重为0.56%，纺织工业只有0.3%。不少企业热衷于通过购买国外的生产设备来引进技术，忽视软技术的引进和对引进技术消化吸收创新，其结果只能是“引进、引进、再引进”，国内服装业总体技术状况没有得到根本转变。

First, the meaning of innovation and basic types

一、自主创新的含义及基本类型

Own brand on the premise that independent innovation, China's Tenth Five-Year Plan on the proposal explicitly requested, to enhance the capability of independent innovation as the strategic basis for the development of science and technology. To create a business-oriented, market-oriented research that combines technological innovation system, the formation of independent innovation of the basic institutional framework.

Innovation is defined by a unique proprietary core technology as well as on the basis of the value of new product realization process. Innovation, including the original innovation, integrated innovation and the introduction of absorption and innovation. Results of independent innovation, generally reflect the new scientific discoveries and technologies with independent intellectual property rights, product, brand and so on.

自主品牌的前提是自主创新，我国关于第十一个五年规划的建议中明确要求，把增强自主创新能力作为科学技术发展的战略基点。要建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系，形成自主创新的基本体制架构。 

Original innovation: refers to the unprecedented major scientific discoveries, technological inventions, works of leading technology innovations. Original innovation in research and development means that, particularly in the areas of basic research and high-tech research made a unique discovery or invention. Original innovation is the most fundamental innovation is the best embodies the wisdom of innovation, is a nation contribute to the progress of human civilization and an important manifestation.#p#分页标题#e#

Integrated innovation: refers to a variety of existing technologies through the effective integration, the formation of a market competitive products or new industries. Introduction of absorption and innovation: refers to the introduction of foreign advanced technology, based on the study, analyze, learn, re-innovation, with independent intellectual property rights of new technologies. Introduction of absorption and innovation is to improve the capability of independent innovation an important way. Developing countries to developed countries directly through the introduction of advanced technology, especially through the use of foreign direct investment to obtain foreign advanced technology, after digestion and absorption to achieve innovation, shorten innovation time, but also reduces the risk of innovation.

Second, the garment enterprises independent innovation strategy selection http://ukthesis.org/dissertation_writing/MBA

After more than ten years of rapid development, China's garment industry has been a qualitative improvement of production and value has been greatly increased, however, the industry is still at a relatively low level of development, rapid industrial growth momentum mainly labor comparative advantage in In this case, women's business development model adopted only low-cost and OEM production for the international market.

OEM grim reality makes our garment enterprises meager profits. Statistics show that the entire garment industry supply chain profit distribution, broadly in line with processing sectors 10%, then 20% of a single link, brand and marketing 70% of the ratios. Garment enterprises in the absence of technology, no profit did not have the strength for the case of R & D investment, which led to its lack of market competitiveness. For these reasons, this paper considers the theoretical model of the original innovation for China's garment enterprises, is not realistic, draw Italy, France, the United States and other developed countries of advanced experience and technology, taking an integrated innovation strategy and the introduction of absorption and innovation of independent innovation strategic model more suitable for women enterprises in Hangzhou.

From innovative means and situational perspective, taking into account the domestic garment enterprises in the area potential, geographical and cultural, firm size, technical strength, and many other factors, integrated innovation and the introduction of absorption and innovation strategy is divided into the following categories:

1 lead innovation strategy

This is a typical "preemptive strike" strategy. Its greatest features and advantages are reflected in the "lead" on the word. It requires all competitors in garment enterprises rush to complete technical innovation and innovative products on the market, in order to gain high early "monopoly" profits. Almost all have strong technical innovation ability of enterprises to regard this strategy as beat the competition, "magic", but the current situation of China's garment enterprises, most enterprises do not have the ability to implement this strategy.#p#分页标题#e#

2 imitative innovation strategy

This is a typical "striking" strategy, its spirit and essence of the "catch-up after the first imitation." Adopt this strategy either because of their own lack of innovative capacity garment, it is difficult in the "innovation priority" respects "the first innovator" a showdown, or the implementation of the first innovation strategy is economically feasible or viable. Compared with the first innovation strategy, innovation strategy mimics the outstanding advantages of the provincial effort, quick, low risk, input-output ratio. After using imitative innovation strategy is developed and enterprises have grown rapidly and the only way to catch up, so should become the first choice of most clothing companies current technology innovation strategy.

 At present China's garment enterprises to adopt innovative models to imitate quite common Garments Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Jiangnan commoner innovation through imitation achieved some success. Because of its limited scale and technical strength, in different seasons of a year, the company should send staff to the excellent design of advanced garment production area inspection, on the popular clothing products on the market research and digest, combined with the corporate target consumer groups improvement of the characteristics of locality, and put on the market. Facts have proved that this innovative model is conducive to saving costs, avoid disadvantages and weak R & D capabilities, but also to meet the market demand, and promote business growth.

3 Cooperative Innovation

In the 21st century, because of their own limitations, competitive model has evolved from the traditional "against competition" to "cooperative competition." In this situation, if the garment is still "behind closed doors" style to engage in "independent innovation", it is not only uneconomical and high-risk, it is unwise and impractical. In fact, most of today's business with other units (universities, research institutes, enterprises) innovation and cooperation to enhance technical capabilities. Relatively weak ability to innovate for their own clothing companies, cooperation and innovation strategy is one of the most effective "to take (others) to offset (themselves of) short" strategy, through the "leveraging strategy" rapidly grow their own innovative capacity and improve the innovation performance of the shortcut. The biggest advantage of collaborative innovation strategy is to enable all parties in the innovation process, "do their complementary advantages, risks with Tam, benefit-sharing."

As China's garment enterprises clusters have obvious advantages, regional closely linked, so cooperation and innovation is more suitable for domestic garment enterprises in the status quo an innovative model. Clothing enterprises can take advantage of clustering to take advantage of regional joint development, technology sharing, complementary advantages and common development strategy of finding it in our overall capacity and scale garment enterprises at a disadvantage under realistic conditions is particularly important.#p#分页标题#e#

4 strategic core competencies

This is a typical "weaknesses" strategy, the core idea is "concentrating a superior force in niche areas or specialty areas to gain competitive advantage." Enterprises can rapid, healthy and sustained development continues, largely depends on the sustainability of technological innovation, the company's core capability is its technical innovation and sustainable development, the fundamental source and inexhaustible power, but also enterprises prerequisite for sustainable development. Innovation leader in application core competencies are generally experts in strategy, they are not only able to accurately identify their core competencies, can be very intently to their "energy" used in the cultivation of core competence and maintenance.