巴斯大学 (University of Bath)留学生dissertation：旅游职业教育管理对于国际化的影响
First, the problem raised.
一、问题的提出。
Internationalization of vocational education has always been highly concerned about the development of vocational education and in-depth exploration of the topic, tourism vocational education is no exception. However, China's current tourism education has three levels, namely tourism higher education (undergraduate, graduate level), the purpose is to develop high-end tourism management talent, but the results are poor, only 5% of the graduates in the tourism industry; Second Higher levels of organized tourism college, fewer graduates have unrealistic expectations from the tourism industry favored; Third-level vocational education, to fish, there is no systematic and normative. The formation of the main reasons for this situation are the following aspects: First, the characteristics of the tourism industry on the demand for high-end tourism management talent little adsorption capacity is not high; Secondly, the tourism industry as the third industry, under the service industry, the industry that Innovation is not high, do not need to put too much human capital; Finally, the development of tourism education and tourism industry of touch. In view of this, China's tourism development of vocational education should be professional people doing professional things, led by the tourism authorities, tourism industry involved in guiding, guidance departments in charge of education, professional advocacy, go meet the needs of the tourism industry characteristics of the development of the road.
职业教育国际化一直以来是职业教育发展高度关注与深入探索的课题,旅游职业教育也不例外。然而,我国目前的旅游教育呈现三个层次,一是旅游高等教育(本科、研究生层次),目的是培养高端旅游管理型人才,但是效果不佳,只有5%的毕业生从事旅游行业;二是高职高专举办的旅游大专层次,人数较少,毕业生眼高手低不受旅游行业青睐;三是中职层次的教育,鱼目混珠,没有系统性和规范性。形成这一局面的原因主要有以下几个方面:首先,旅游产业特点对高端旅游管理人才的需求量不大,吸附力不高;其次,旅游产业作为第三产业,隶属于服务业,业界认为创新度不高,不须投入过多人力资本;最后,旅游教育的发展与旅游产业发展脱节。鉴于此,我国旅游职业教育的发展应该由专业人做专业事,由旅游主管部门主导,旅游行业参与指导,主管教育部门引导,专业人才倡导,走符合旅游行业需求的特色发展之路。
Tourism tourism industry vocational education to keep up the pace of development, internationalization is the only way. China's tourism industry urgently needs a global perspective, international knowledge and communication skills, international experience of international talent, therefore, China's tourism vocational education should strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in the path of internationalization, training a large number of cross-regional, cross-border, cross-cultural, cross-national professional elite, international expansion of China's tourism industry to provide personnel support.
旅游职业教育要紧跟旅游产业发展步伐,国际化是必由之路。我国旅游产业的发展迫切需要具备国际视野、国际知识和沟通能力、国际经历的国际化人才,因此,我国旅游职业教育应加强国际交流与合作,走国际化道路,培养大批跨地域、跨国界、跨文化、跨民族的职业精英,为我国旅游业的国际扩张提供人才支撑。
Second, the travel path of internationalization of vocational education.
1, the joint school. Opening and country (territory) outside the tourism education institutions jointly sponsoring the way, such as the Swiss Hotel Management School in Lausanne. Than a century, Lausanne Hotel Management School in the management of personnel training and tourism education fruitful to explore the concept of "Lausanne mode" has become an internationally recognized hotel management staff development model of success. She advocated that the soul dedication, attention to students' practical skills and knowledge to teach, train students capable of any one specific hotel or restaurant work. Tourism Vocational education brand is good, excellent strength, talent abundance schools should actively work with internationally renowned tourist institutions for the implementation of joint schools channel to promote tourism vocational education internationalization.
2, teacher visits. Sino-foreign joint schools bottlenecks are more larger obstacles to successfully achieve a certain degree of difficulty. However, exchange visits between the two schools teaching much easier. Therefore, efforts to increase the teacher is also a tourist visits vocational education internationalization a shortcut.
3, student exchange (students). Tourism is also vocational education student exchange relatively easy to achieve internationalization path. One school exchange students and foreign exchange will help improve students' knowledge both sides, two sides is conducive to open up their horizons, three are conducive to the process of internationalization intensified.
4, international exchanges (school-enterprise cooperation). International exchanges and cooperation is the current tourism vocational common an internationalized way. Select outstanding students to study abroad famous tourism enterprises, Tourism Group paid internships, training has become the first choice for international tourism colleges path. Tourism School in Hubei Province since 1999, met with the Japan International Institute for Educational Research Association, the United Arab Emirates SUNTERN, American summer practice company, Malaysia Tsui Heng Group, Singapore Changi International Airport, Macau Yaohan Group, Venetian Hotel, etc. country (territory) outside the famous tourist enterprises established long-term cooperative relationship, selected each year nearly 300 students abroad internships, training, travel abroad has become a central region (territory) training base.
5, overseas education. Tourism Vocational education internationalization path is the highest known, brand effect is good, the typical multi-talent, the strength of the famous tourist vocational education group can try to go abroad to the rich tourism resources, tourism vocational education in backward areas to open campuses output Tourism Vocational educational resources, in order to truly achieve tourism vocational education internationalization.
Third, the only way for international tourism vocational strategies and measures.http://www.ukthesis.org/lvgl/
China's tourism vocational institutions have attached great importance to the process of internationalization, but internationalization tends to stay on the path to international exchanges (school-enterprise cooperation) aspects. In order to comprehensively promote the internationalization of China's tourism vocational schools, this article describes the following aspects of internationalization of China's tourism vocational Way strategies and measures.
1, the international standard recognition. Internationalization of Higher standards are not a conclusive, Japanese scholar, Mr. Kitamura and the proposed "universal, exchange, openness," the three criteria most representative. Tourism Vocational education should focus on the concept of internationalization of education should be oriented toward modernization, the world and the future, from a global perspective of understanding the nature of tourism and the role of vocational education, recognizing tourism vocational education reform and development issues. Tourism Vocational education should develop in three directions, can be another country, he acknowledged and accepted by national, can be equal with foreign exchanges, to fully open. Tourism Vocational College trained people should be open to accommodate multi-ethnic, national boundaries and cross-cultural habits, religion and ideas, seek common ground personnel; should be with international vision, knowledge of the rules of international tourism, to participate in international tourism affairs, with international competitiveness of international talent.
2, the internal prominent features. Tourism Vocational path of internationalization, we must strengthen the internal construction. First, you must build and development trend of international tourism as well as to adapt to the development trend of international education teaching content, grasp course construction. In the curriculum, the introduction, theoretical courses with international trends, the operating programs should highlight the local characteristics, with reference to international norms. Second, strengthen the construction of campus culture and social practice, training and cultural knowledge rich, strong desire to explore and innovative spirit, dedication gregarious high-quality tourism professionals, in order to participate in the increasingly fierce international competition. Finally, to strengthen research cooperation, a reasonable allocation of resources, develop standardized materials, to achieve international standards. For the country (territory) outside the useful experience and excellent results, we should be directly borrowed, such as the importance of tourism to manage foreign and domestic attention is paid to area management, tourism management often involves an urban planning is a very complex management systems, such large systems, building management, large space approach is very worthy of study.
3, the external smooth channels. To speed up the internationalization of China's tourism vocational process, smooth external sources is particularly important. As economic globalization intensifies, the popularity of the Internet on a global scale, information technology has penetrated into people's production and all aspects of life, career colleges to increase outreach efforts has become a necessity. External sources including government, media, and information platforms. Actively seek government support, establish a good relationship with the major media, the establishment of information resource site, active marketing, will own characteristics unfold, spread, radiation inside, so China's tourism international vocational education the only way to open up their own of a new world.
4, cooperative path yuan. The only way for the internationalization of tourism institutions should include international faculty, teaching content internationalization, international students. First, we must do faculty internationalization. On the one hand increase the teachers visit abroad quantity and quality of education, training with international knowledge and experienced teachers; hand facing the world recruit teachers and academics, for many years the introduction of foreign intellects. This will not only be able to directly promote the teaching and research to the international direction of development, but also to enhance the quality of teaching tourism institutions, fruitful teaching achievements. Secondly, the teaching content internationalization. Tourism institutions should increase international curriculum content, create an information-sharing platform, the creation of interdisciplinary projects involving multinational, arrange overseas internships or summer camp training, focusing on the internationalization of teaching content, the choice of an internationally competitive teaching methods, teaching quality lead the world. Again, career international. Throughout Lausanne, Cornell, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and other famous international tourism institutions, its biggest feature is the international students. All foreign students into these colleges must undergo a rigorous evaluation process, therefore, the quality of students has been secured. Absorption of outstanding foreign students, which is a very worthy institutions to break through China's tourism thoroughfare, but also to achieve a very important process of internationalization is one path.
In short, tourism vocational education is the process of internationalization of economic globalization and human society to information society and knowledge society in transition irreversible trend, but also an urgent need for the development of tourism. China's tourism institutions only adapt to the times, the accumulation of international vision, increase faculty, teaching content, students of international efforts, targeted, long-term adherence to the gradual internationalization of the unbalanced wave of the initiative, to enhance their implementation across The purpose of development
