金融paper代写范文：Sainsbury’s Group Financial Analysis
本文是金融专业的paper范例，题目是“Sainsbury’s Group Financial Analysis（森宝利集团财务分析）”，Sainsbury拥有多个不同领域的业务，从杂货店到金融服务，比如Sainsbury(杂货店)、Argos和Tu服装(网上购物)、Sainsbury银行、Nectar and Habitat(家具店)。Sainsbury的目标是为消费者提供各种各样的产品，最好的质量和公平的价格，无论他们想要的时间和地点。他们的主要战略是通过高质量、高价值和优质的服务在竞争对手中脱颖而出;增加百货和服装部门的销售;为客户提供便捷的金融服务;投资数字市场;加强资产负债表。
Business Model and Strategy商业模式与策略
Sainsbury has several businesses across different sectors, from grocery stores to financial services such as Sainsbury (grocery store), Argos and Tu clothing (online shopping), Sainsbury bank, Nectar and Habitat (furniture store). Sainsbury aims to provide a variety of products with the best quality and fair price for the consumer, ideally whenever and wherever they want. Their main strategies are to differentiate themselves among competitors through high quality, value and excellent service; increase sales in general merchandise and clothing sector; convenient financial service for the customer; invest in digital market; strengthen the balance sheet.
Profitability盈利能力
The gross margin for year 2019 is 6.92%, which has a slightly increase of 0.31% compared with 6.61% in year 2018. The main business is grocery store which commonly low in gross margin due to the high cost of sales, hence the company is considered doing good even under the pressure of discounter (Aldi, Lidl). The company’s focus to increase efficiencies delivered has saved 220m pounds (p. 05) but the saving has been used to offset the wage’s increment (p. 38) and cost inflation, hence did not affect the statement. The company determined to become the industry leader in terms of salary, therefore Argos’ employee’s pay has been increased for a total of 18% since September 2016 and Sainsbury’s store employees increased total 30% over the last 4 years (p. 70). The company also adopted IFRS 9 (International Financial Reports Standard) which lead to higher bad debt charges and there is an increase in the saving cost (Sainsbury bank) as the interest rate increased (p.14). Due to the cost increase as above, the operation profit margin is lower in year 2019 is 1.08% compared with 1.82% in year 2018, a decrease of 0.76%. Albeit the company has deferred the tax credit of 50m pounds (note 8) which lead to 80m pounds different shown in the income tax expense (see income statement), the post-tax profit margin in year 2019 remains lower than year 2018, which is 0.75% compared to 1.09%. Both ROCE and ROE has declined as the operation profit is affected by the higher admin cost and the company has increased the retained earnings (note 23). Although the company keens on long term debt reduction policy, this has not shown effect for now but perhaps in the future as the company will benefit from the lower interest rate.
2019年毛利率为6.92%，比2018年的6.61%略有增长0.31%。主要业务是杂货店，由于销售成本高，通常毛利率低，因此公司被认为做得很好，即使在折扣(Aldi, Lidl)的压力下。公司提高效率的重点已经节省了2.2亿英镑(p. 05)，但节省已经被用来抵消工资的增加(p. 38)和成本膨胀，因此没有影响声明。公司决心在工资方面成为行业的领导者，因此Argos的员工的工资自2016年9月以来总共增加了18%，Sainsbury的商店员工在过去4年里总共增加了30% (p. 70)。该公司还采用了IFRS 9(国际财务报告标准)，这导致了更高的坏帐费用和储蓄成本(Sainsbury银行)随着利率的增加(第14页)。由于上述成本增加，2019年的经营利润率从2018年的1.82%下降到1.08%，下降了0.76%。尽管公司递延了5000万英镑的税收抵免(注8)，导致所得税费用中显示的8000万英镑差异(见利润表)，但2019年的税后利润率仍低于2018年，为0.75%，而2018年为1.09%。ROCE和ROE都下降了，因为运营利润受到更高的管理成本的影响，公司增加了留存收益(注释23)。虽然该公司热衷于长期的债务削减政策，但目前尚未显示出效果，但未来可能会受益于较低的利率。
Investment投资
The EPS has significantly decreased from 13.3 pence in year 2018 to 9.1 in year 2019. This is because of the lower pre-tax profit and debt reduction policy where cash was used for repayment (p. 99). Although EPS is decreased, the company has increased the DPS from 10.2 pence to 11 pence which can be deemed as the action to keep the shareholder’s confidence. Dividend cover is reduced to 0.83 times as most of the cash flow used for debt repayment, and this commonly indicated as a danger of dividend cut. Another factor is Brexit which caused pound weaker, as dividend cover normally perceived as an economy’s effect (strong or weak economy). However, the company managed to turn it around and increased the DPS. The main reason behind this could be the company able to generate a higher retail free cash flow of 461m pounds (p. 42) to cover.
每股收益从2018年的13.3便士显著下降到2019年的9.1便士。这是由于较低的税前利润和减少债务政策，其中现金用于偿还(第99页)。虽然每股收益下降，公司已经将DPS从10.2便士提高到11便士，这可以被认为是保持股东信心的行动。由于大部分现金流用于偿还债务，股息覆盖被减少到0.83倍，这通常被认为是股息减少的危险。另一个因素是英国脱欧导致英镑走弱，因为股息覆盖通常被认为是经济的影响(强劲或疲软的经济)。然而，该公司成功扭转了局面，并提高了DPS。这背后的主要原因可能是该公司能够产生更高的零售自由现金流4.61亿英镑(第42页)来覆盖。
The P/E ratio has drastically increased from 18.27 times in year 2018 to 24.59 times in year 2019 as Sainsbury’s and Asda confirmed to merge in year 2018. Merge of the second and third largest retailers in the UK would take over more than 30% market share (Statista.com, 2019) and this certainly increases the competitiveness and better economic scale. Hence, the market expects a better return in investing Sainsbury’s and leads to a higher P/E ratio. However, the merge has been blocked by CMA in year 2019 and the P/E ratio is likely to decrease in year 2020. Investors might want to buy shares when the P/E ratio decreased, though the great factor to increase the P/E ratio such as merger is less likely to happen within few years as CMA has applied merger blocked to major retailers. For investor who would like to earn the dividend or expect big bounce in the future market price after Brexit, it could be a great timing to invest now as the company is consistent with dividend yield (average 4.65% in 5 years according to the rate on LSE) and the current market price is lower than the peak in year 2018 (341.50 pence in August 2018 according to LSE). Brexit certainly will impact the market price as majority investors are sitting on the fence until the change has been confirmed, therefore the market price is expected to decline. Investor could speculate this opportunity for a greater return in the future.
随着2018年森宝利和阿斯达确认合并，市盈率从2018年的18.27倍大幅上升到2019年的24.59倍。英国第二和第三大零售商的合并将会占据超过30%的市场份额(Statista.com, 2019)，这当然会增加竞争力和更好的经济规模。因此，市场预期投资森宝利会有更好的回报，从而导致更高的市盈率。然而，合并在2019年被CMA阻止，到2020年，市盈率可能会下降。当市盈率下降时，投资者可能会购买股票，但由于CMA对主要零售商实施了阻止合并的措施，合并等提高市盈率的重要因素在几年内不太可能发生。对于那些希望在英国脱欧后赚取股息或期待未来市场价格大幅反弹的投资者来说，这可能是一个很好的投资时机，因为该公司与股息收益率一致(根据伦敦证交所的利率，5年内平均4.65%)，目前的市场价格低于2018年的峰值(根据伦敦证交所，2018年8月341.50便士)。英国脱欧肯定会对市场价格产生影响，因为多数投资者在这一变化得到确认之前都在观望，因此预计市场价格将会下跌。投资者可以利用这个机会在未来获得更大的回报。
Liquidity流动性
Sainsbury’s has a weak liquidity position and the situation is weaker in year 2019. Though the company aim to generate strong, consistent cash flow (p. 09) but it has been utilized for long term debt reduction. Therefore, according to the ratio, the company seems less capable to cover short-term liabilities. Retail business mode commonly has low ACT (acid test ratio) as the business heavily depends on the inventory, hence it is considered doing great in the retail industry. Compared to Tesco UK (Investing.com, 2019), Sainsbury has a better ACT. Additionally, the company has more customer saving (note 18b) which might benefit the capital turnover but also lead to higher interest paid. Albeit the liquidity position seems weak, Sainsbury is capable to pay off the short-term liabilities as the company has a lump sum of retained earnings (p. 98) to utilize when deemed necessary.
Sainsbury的流动性状况较弱，2019年的情况更弱。虽然公司的目标是产生强劲的，持续的现金流(第09页)，但它已被用于长期债务削减。因此，根据这一比率，该公司似乎无力偿还短期债务。零售商业模式通常ACT(酸试比)较低，因为该业务严重依赖于库存，因此被认为在零售行业做得很好。相较于英国乐购(Investing.com, 2019)，塞恩斯伯里的ACT更好。此外，公司有更多的客户节省(注18b)，这可能有利于资金周转，但也会导致支付更高的利息。尽管流动性状况看起来很弱，但Sainsbury有能力偿还短期债务，因为公司有一笔保留收益(第98页)，可以在必要时使用。
Average inventory days is 26 days, which is considered long for a retailer. As per previous stated, retailer heavily depends on the inventory to generate cash and pay off expenses, hence it is less favourable. Though the inventory days is less favourable, Sainsbury’s maintained the inventory days without huge change under the pressure of consumer behaviour shifts to Aldi and Lidl. Furthermore, Sainsbury has longer payable days than inventory day hence they have more time to sell the goods and cover the payable. Due to the retailer’s characteristic, it just takes 2 days for Sainsbury’s to collect receivables. The key element to take into consideration for an investor is inventory days as it determines how fast the company can generate cash and reduce inventory loss.
平均库存天数是26天，这被认为是一个零售商长的时间。如前文所述，零售商在很大程度上依赖于库存来产生现金和支付费用，因此它是不太有利的。虽然库存日不太有利，但Sainsbury的库存日在消费者行为转向Aldi和Lidl的压力下没有发生巨大变化。此外，森宝利有更长的应付日比存货日，因此他们有更多的时间出售货物和覆盖应付。由于零售商的特点，Sainsbury 's收取应收账款只需要2天时间。投资者需要考虑的关键因素是库存天数，因为它决定了公司产生现金和减少库存损失的速度。
Gearing传动装置
Sainsbury’s has scored a low gearing of 21.62% in year 2018 and lower to 11.23% in year 2019 as a result of business strategy to reduce net debt (p. 17). Equity mainly formed by retained earnings (p. 98) which is up to 56.33% of total equity, and next is share issue which is 21%. The remeasurement on defined benefit pension schemes is increased to 1053m in year 2019 (note 23) which affected the retained earnings. Overall, the company has a greater ability to re-invest the business in a long-term run. As we can see, Sainsbury’s aim to increase investment in the supermarket in 2019/20 (p. 10) by partnering with different sectors such as Timpson and Specsavers which will increase their profitability and market share. The net debt to equity ratio in year 2019 is -2.02%, which represents that the company could fully repay the long term borrowing whilst have cash on hands.
Sainsbury’s在2018年获得了21.62%的低负债率，在2019年降低到11.23%，这是减少净债务的商业战略的结果(第17页)。股权主要由留存收益构成(第98页)，占总股本的56.33%，其次是发行股份，占21%。对固定收益养老金计划的重新计算在2019年增加到1.053亿欧元(注释23)，这影响了留存收益。总的来说，公司有更大的能力进行长期的业务再投资。正如我们所看到的，Sainsbury的目标是通过与Timpson和Specsavers等不同行业的合作，在2019/20年增加对超市的投资(第10页)，这将增加他们的盈利能力和市场份额。2019年的净债务股本比为-2.02%，这意味着该公司可以全额偿还长期借款，同时手头有现金。
As the company has lesser borrowing which leads to low interest payable, therefore the ICR (interest cover ratio) is 3.15 times in year 2019. It has shown the ability to generate cash to cover interest and the financial stability of the business. Though some argued that high ICR could represent that the business is neglecting the chances to maximize earning through leverage (CFI.com, n/a). Another possible issue is the company issues more share to generate more equity, which leads to higher dividend pay-out.
由于公司借款较少，应付利息较低，因此2019年的ICR (interest cover ratio)为3.15倍。它已显示出产生现金以支付利息的能力和业务的财务稳定性。尽管有些人认为，较高的ICR可能代表企业忽视了通过杠杆实现收益最大化的机会(CFI.com, n/a)。另一个可能的问题是，公司发行更多的股票以产生更多的股本，这将导致更高的股息派息。
Cash Flow现金流
Sainsbury’s is capable to generate more cash from the share issued. The company has high revenue but also the high cost of sales which leads to low gross profit, but it is considered great for the retail industry. Albeit the pre-tax profit has reduced in year 2019 which affected by the debt reduction policy, the company is generating net cash and has lesser net finance cost (p. 99).
森宝利有能力从发行的股票中获得更多的现金。该公司收入高，但销售成本高，导致毛利低，但它被认为是零售业的伟大。尽管受债务削减政策的影响，2019年税前利润减少了，但公司产生了净现金，并有更少的净财务成本(p. 99)。
Conclusion结论
Overall, Sainsbury’s is performing well and financial stable. Although under the pressure of discounter and consumer behaviour shift, Sainsbury’s able to maintain the revenue whilst repaying the long term borrowing and increase retained earnings. Albeit it is a loss that the merger of Sainsbury’s and Asda is blocked, Sainsbury’s is a safe investment and is giving out dividends consistently. Additionally, Sainsbury’s aim to partner with different sectors to provide a one-stop shopping experience which will make a great profit in the future.
总的来说，森宝利表现良好，财务状况稳定。尽管在折扣和消费者行为转变的压力下，Sainsbury能够在偿还长期借款和增加留存收益的同时保持收入。虽然塞恩斯伯里和阿斯达的合并被阻止是一种损失，但塞恩斯伯里是一种安全的投资，它一直在发放股息。此外，Sainsbury的目标是与不同的行业合作，提供一站式的购物体验，这将在未来获得巨大的利润。
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