关于将教学技术运用于计算机辅助药物化学学科教学
Computer-aided drug design (ComputerAidedDrugDesign, CADD) is a branch of pharmaceutical chemistry, the rapid development of the technology and extensive application of pharmaceutical scientists to become one of the techniques must be mastered. Computer-aided drug design course is one of medicinal chemistry courses, which is characterized by highly specialized, involving content, method and application software updates quickly; course content and more involved in biological macromolecules and small organic molecules in three-dimensional structure, and how The content vivid presented to the process of teaching students to solve problems. In order to fully mobilize the initiative of students, improve student interest, students analyze problems and problem-solving skills, the author in the process of introduction of CADD teaching a variety of modern educational technology and teaching methods, and constantly promote CADD teaching innovation.
计算机辅助药物设计(ComputerAidedDrugDesign，CADD)是药物化学学科的一个分支，该项技术的高速发展和广泛应用使其成为药学科研工作者必须掌握的技术之一。计算机辅助药物设计课程是药物化学的系列课程之一，其特点是专业性强，所涉及的内容、方法及应用软件更新很快；课程内容多涉及生物大分子和有机小分子的三维结构，如何将内容生动、形象地呈现给学生是教学过程中需要解决的问题。为充分调动学生主观能动性，提高学生兴趣，培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力，笔者在CADD课程教学过程中引人多种现代教育技术和教学方法，不断推进CADD课程教学的革新。
This paper focuses on computer-aided drug design of teaching in the integrated application of multimedia, molecular modeling software, screen recording software, DVD video and other modern educational technology experience are introduced, and in the process of teaching reform CADD Some experiences are summarized.
本文主要对作者在计算机辅助药物设计课程教学中综合应用多媒体、分子模拟软件、录屏软件、DVD视频等现代教育技术的经验进行介绍，并对在CADD教学过程中推行改革的几点体会进行总结。
A computer-aided drug design Teaching Reform
一、计算机辅助药物设计课程教学改革探索
1. A variety of modern educational technology applications http://www.ukthesis.org/jyx/
1．多种现代化教育技术手段的应用
Author of the College of Pharmacy since 2001 and Accelerated Degree in undergraduate students opened CADD long schooling curriculum, the teaching model of development as other courses, experienced a process from traditional to modern. Course early adopters "chalk wall chart" teaching mode, the traditional blackboard blackboard-based, complex content expressed with flip chart. After that came the slide projector, some molecular graphics can show slide projector, so that students have a relative molecular graphics image understanding. 9O late to the last century, as computer software in the teaching process MicrosoftOfifcePowerPoint are commonly used, CADD course patterns into the computer multimedia age. Teaching, teachers can easily courseware content is displayed on a large screen in the classroom to be explained. The advantage is that some of the molecular graphics images can compare the contents of the expression, but the disadvantage is that picture is still "dead" form, can not show small molecules of biological macromolecules and drug interactions dynamic process, not enough to vividly reflect the Computer-Aided Drug design features. To solve this problem, and to fully exploit the potential of modern educational technology, the author CADD course teaching reform on teaching methods.#p#分页标题#e#
笔者所在的药学院自2001年在本科生及本硕连读长学制学生中开设CADD课程，其教学模式的发展如其他课程一样，经历了从传统到现代的过程。课程早期采用“粉笔加挂图”教学模式，以传统的黑板板书为主，复杂的内容用挂图表达。后来有了幻灯机，部分分子图形可以用幻灯机放映，使学生对分子图形有了相对形象的了解。到上世纪9O年代后期，随着计算机MicrosoftOfifcePowerPoint软件在教学过程中被普遍使用，CADD课程教学模式进入了计算机多媒体时代。授课时，教师可以方便地将课件内容显示在教室的大屏幕上予以讲解。其优势是一些分子图形的内容可以比较形象的表达，但缺点在于图片依然是“死”的形式，不能显示生物大分子和药物小分子相互作用的动态过程，不足以形象地体现出计算机辅助药物设计的特点。为了解决这个问题，并充分挖掘现代教育技术的潜能，笔者在CADD课程教学中对教学方法进行了改革。
Modern educational technology in addition to commonly used computers, multimedia and network technology, also includes cameras, DVD / VCD machines, and other AV (Audio and video in general) equipment. The author in the classroom teaching process, and continue to explore the modern educational technology used in computer-aided drug design right course ways to bring new technologies into play to stimulate student interest, improve teaching effectiveness role. I tap the potential of modern educational technology specific practices include the following aspects:
(1) Application PyMol software graphically express PyMol molecular dynamics is used to display and analyze a three-dimensional molecular structure of the program, prepared by the WarrenLyfordDeLano and was DeLanoScientificLLC software companies commercialization. Application of this software, you can demonstrate to students build three-dimensional structure of small molecules as well as with sticks, streamers and other three-dimensional display of molecular structures. In addition PyMol three-dimensional structure of the protein can also be edited and modified, to study protein and small molecule interactions in the process, and in the form of three-dimensional graphics display dynamic process of molecular interactions, so that the original abstract teaching content to be presented in a very intuitive student before. The author in the course of the various chapters are interspersed with Pymol software to simulate three-dimensional structure of molecular image colorful, vivid structure. As most of the students are the first contact with the molecular modeling software, such rich and vivid graphics have a strong novelty, stimulate student interest in the course of the powerful. Therefore, the introduction of Pymol software, play in the teaching process to stimulate a change in teaching, maintaining students' attention with good results
(2) make full use of network resources in underdeveloped network era, CADD course content has some limitations - only to introduce the theory-based, relatively abstract and boring, is not conducive to develop students' practical skills and problem-solving skills . With the rapid development of network technology and network resources, enrich, CADD teaching both in time and space has been greatly expanded. In the course content, the author introduces a large number of students and computer-aided drug design related websites resources, including various web pages, databases, and computer simulation software; allows students to complete homework in the form of use of these resources, and expanding their own classroom knowledge, thus bringing the classroom teaching students in the future continue to publish the work, so that students' learning ability and quality improved significantly compared to earlier. Later investigations showed that students in this part of the content is very interesting.
(3) vivid 12.0 software applications CADD Accelerated Degree course is the six-year pharmacy student opened an elective course, each student based on different number as many as hundreds elective , ranging from six 70 people. Due to space constraints and teachers who can not make every student into the workstation for field operations. In order to make students understand the basic situation of the workstation, the author introduced with a video camera to record hospital workstation video files and edit them with vivid 12.0 software, coupled with titles and music, made more interesting from a DVD video instruction sheet to the students in the class play. After the students watched, the orientation of the workstation and the hardware at a glance. There are some students to watch later, with interest asked to participate in the workstation's research work.
(4) DiscoveryStudio2.5 CamtasiaSudio6.0 molecular modeling software and screen recording software, try a combination of computer-aided drug design is a very practical subject, the best mode of delivery should be carried out simultaneously in theory courses open experimental course so that students have access to computer-aided drug design workstation laboratory for hands. However, different from common laboratory laboratory and computing, require special space, require a lot of computer, but requires expensive drug design software. By space and funding constraints, often built in the short term is difficult to meet the requirements of the laboratory. In addition to the teachers, only after systematic training and on the basis of long-term practice have the ability to bring this particular experiment. How to make a large number of students to teachers published in the actual operation down to the station, has been troubled by the problem of teaching everyone. Limited funds in order to solve this problem under the condition that the whole class can quickly understand the function and operation of the software, the author in a variety of modern teaching methods to do a lot of trial and error, eventually taking the DiscoveryStudio
2.5 molecular modeling software and CamtasiaSudio6.0 screen recording software combines the methods used. Discoveyrstudio2.5 (abbreviated DS) software is based on Win-dows/Linux systems and computational molecular modeling software platform, a lot of functions, you can perform most calculations of classroom teaching content, but the operation is relatively complicated. As students in number, space and time are limited, even if the students were divided into groups of teachers, demonstrate and explain over and over again to do is unrealistic. By the revelation of online education, I take a screen recording software will operate on teachers Recorded Pc machine made sheet approach to teaching experimental teaching. The author has tried a variety of screen recording software, the final selection function better, recording the results are satisfactory for Camtasiasudio6.0 software. In a special studio, teachers in their own applications on the PC software demonstrations of teaching content Discoveyrstudio2.5 operation, simultaneous use Camtasiasudio6.0 screen recording software functionality, all the steps and explain the contents are clearly recorded and . After re-recording of these good video file processing, made an experiment with different themes teaching film, got the classroom to the students playing. This intuitive presentation, not only saves lab space and asked to reduce unnecessary duplication of work of teachers, students easily accept and understand, learn relaxed and happy. Students in the later survey indicated very interested in this part of the content, impressive. Its effect is described as "easy to teach, learn to be enjoyable."
In the course of practice I deeply appreciate the flexible use of modern teaching methods, to fully exploit its potential, can provide great convenience for teaching work. Not only can stimulate students' interest in learning, but also lack of qualified teachers and help solve the problem of inadequate laboratory equipment, teaching has improved significantly. Teachers through the network, audio, video and other technical means to introduce the teaching process, the teaching content including moving into a variety of audio-visual materials, so that the image of the teaching content can be more and more realistic way to teach students. In this way than the traditional "blackboard + textbook" The teaching method is more welcomed by the students, while teaching students the content of memory is also more profound.
Confucius said: "Those who know not as good, good and those who not the music." Educational scholars believe that: "In the teaching of creation of a good learning environment, is to stimulate and arouse students' learning motivation, learning beneficial interest means, once aroused, the students will have to learn a powerful force within the trend, take the initiative to explore and learn." . The ultimate goal of education is to "teach him to fish", so the teachers, the students in the classroom inspire positive thinking and active learning is a very important job. The application of modern educational technology, students can acquire knowledge published during active observation, thinking and imagination to guide students in the learning process analysis of the phenomenon, mining nature, and ultimately solve the problem, these processes can deepen students' knowledge of memory. Modern educational technology by students to produce a variety of sensory stimuli, effectively stimulate students 'interest in learning so relaxed classroom atmosphere is conducive to improving the quality of teaching, is conducive to the development of students' thinking, to improve the quality of students
Second, traditional education and the organic integration of modern educational technology
"Teaching progress is to continue to grasp the many teaching models and constantly improve the ability of effective use of these models." The author conducting CADD teaching reform process, deeply feels the need to modern education technology and traditional teaching methods organically combine classroom instruction in order to obtain the best results. To this end, the author conducted a three reforms.
1. Update textbooks
Computer-aided drug design disciplines rapid technological development, content and software updates and fast turnaround, which makes its course there is a prominent problem that can not keep updating textbooks disciplines. To meet this challenge, the author adopted the practice of teaching materials annually updated, before the commencement of each year are necessary for the supplementary teaching materials, supplementary materials for students to copy material. Accordingly, every year have to adjust the teaching content as much as possible the progress of integration into new disciplines to the teaching content, ensuring that students in class access to the latest knowledge.
2. Reform of teaching methods
Teaching process, how to make students in learning to play the main role is an important issue. Teachers in teaching students should give full play to the initiative, to stimulate students' participation in learning activities to achieve the interaction between teachers and students. Problem-BasedLearning (PBL) pedagogy is currently the world's popular problem-oriented teaching methods, is a student-centered education. Practice has proved that, PBL teaching can be a good mobilize the enthusiasm of students, but there must be more to complete the teacher and the students with questions to guide the learning process, students also need to put a lot of effort to check and be prepared to discuss the contents of the documents. To this end, the author in CADD drawing of PBL teaching, and its improved design in each class are some of the practical problems and drug design, and guide students to actively discuss, inspire students thinking, so that students from indoctrination type of learning into a positive and active learning. And teachers in the teaching practice and flexible, rational use of modern educational technology, mobilize the enthusiasm of students, teaching reform inputs together, so that teaching effectiveness to obtain greatly improved. 3. Innovative testing methods
In order to cultivate students' comprehensive quality and innovation, in the assessment of the way the author did not take the traditional closed book examination methods, instead of using a flexible and diverse forms. Student achievement (percentile) consists of the following components: a final open-book exam (50%) and the usual practice results-based quiz scores (20%), coupled with record attendance experimental class attendance of the basic conditions (20%), and usually actively participate in class discussions class classroom performance points (10%), that is, the students final course score. This will not only reduce the burden on students, but also to promote the students to analyze problems and problem-solving capabilities, to promote active learning ideas throughout the entire teaching process, rather than just rote end of the semester, but also help students raise into the habit of active learning, help students improve the overall quality
Third, the application of modern educational technology requires teachers to learn
At present, schools generally equipped with more modern teaching equipment, but with modern teaching equipment, does not mean they can play the advantages of modern educational techniques. The majority of teachers also need to learn and study of modern educational theory, make full use of modern educational technology. "Teachers need to keep up with the development of the current theory and research, and understand these developments on the significance of classroom teaching practice."
With the development of society and the progress of science, and everyone facing lifelong education. Teachers as an educational pioneer, the first to update their knowledge Updated and modern educational technology learners, users and communicators; to improve the quality of teaching, to stimulate students' interest in learning, teachers must first raise interest in learning; want to cultivate their sense of innovation In the process of teaching and innovation continue to try to fully learn and use of modern educational technology. To this end, the author through a variety of channels to learn and master the modern educational technology. First, actively participate in school and social organizations of the various teaching technology training courses, keeping pace peers, not backward; also take advantage of summer vacation and other spare time, research and development of a variety of software to use, apply their knowledge in a timely manner in the classroom applications and presentations. And application of these technologies in the learning process of the method, the author realized the unlimited fun.
At the same time, the teacher is also a beneficiary of modern educational technology. Modern educational technology for teachers teaching provides an ideal platform to realize the diversification of teaching resources, set P text, animation, molecular graphics, molecular modeling and DVD videos in various manifestations in one, so teaching content richer and more intuitive will help students access to knowledge and memory, make the teaching content becomes specific and vivid, so the past is difficult to express the content easy to show. The emergence of modern educational technology for teachers to display their talent to provide a new opportunity. Teachers to new technologies applied to teaching and classroom organization, you will feel very confident and convenience. If you do not seize this opportunity, it will become the laggards lead times.
Fourth, the application of modern educational technology evaluation of the effectiveness
In order to listen to the students' recommendations to better promote CADD teaching reform, the author in 2009 CADD elective courses the students launched a questionnaire. Elective students 60 year, 56 people participated in answer. Which related to the content of this article statistical and analytical results are as follows:#p
1. Students' interest
For the purpose of elective courses CADD, 13 people (23.2%) because of subject content and student research projects relating to or want to go in this direction after graduation; while as many as 36 people (64.3%) is just a sense of interest, in order to learn some of the pharmacy-related knowledge. Description is to promote students' interest in learning an important factor for active learning.
2. Modern teaching techniques to help students achieve the desired learning outcomes
Whether the expected learning outcomes for a total of 45 (80.3%) considered essential to achieve fully achieved and that indefinable 10 people (17.9%). Learning by the students affirmed.
3. Computer-aided drug design experiment teaching suggestions
There were 44 (78.6%) would like to open a real experimental class, the students themselves-on practice; 5 (8.9%) do not want to open the experimental class, but I hope to live to see the teacher workstation demonstration; 18 ( 32.1%) suggested a number of other experimental methods and then recording the content to increase simulation class hours, reducing the theory class hours; does not talk about theory courses a student in favor of the abolition experimental courses link. The above data suggest that most of the students still want to develop their practical ability to adapt to future requirements of social development.
4. Interest on the part of the teaching process
Choose theory courses in receptor-based drug design approach 28 people (50.0%); choice theory courses in ligand-based drug design approach 22 people (39.3%); choice theory courses in bioinformatics content 19 people (33.9%). 28 people (50.0%) expressed described various software and more interested in a variety of sites, indicating that students want to use the network resources are constantly expanding their knowledge. With regard to the content of the video teaching, there were 12 (21.4%) of the author interested in teaching films homemade DVD while 25 (44.6%) suggested that the relevant sections of the DVD movie to add more content. 25 people (44.6%) interest in the experimental teaching films, students also raised, looked deep impression on the actual operation, hoping the more the better, and suggested that teachers download software methods. There are 8 people (14.3%) made experimental teaching film content is not rich, should any additional experimental content. 42 people
(75.0%) reported feeling screen software with Camtasiasudio6.0 recording good results.
The above data illustrate the students welcome the use of modern educational technology, and certainly it brings fun and learning teaching effect, indicating the author's teaching reform a success.
