中国中小企业海外竞争研究-企业金融研究
中国加入世界贸易组织，开展跨国经营，为中小型企业和外商投资提供了难得的契机和动力。因此，经济全球化是一个机遇与挑战并存的双刃剑，研究如何抓住机遇，迎接挑战，对中国的中小型制造企业具有重要的意义。
China's accession to the World Trade Organization has carried out cross-border operations for SMEs and foreign investment provided a rare opportunity and motivation. Thus, economic globalization is an opportunity and challenges of the double-edged sword, how to seize the opportunity to meet the challenge, for small and medium manufacturing enterprises in China is of great significance.
在一般情况下，中小企业比大企业更难以进入国际市场，因为中小企业没有足够的资源和优势去开发国际市场。许多小企业进行海外经营，需要冒着巨大的风险。虽然经济全球化的趋势为中小企业提供了机会，但也带来更激烈的竞争，公司进入国际市场，意味着他们必须承担一定的风险，在这样一个快速变化的环境中，企业必须能够清楚地把握市场，抓住出现在国际市场上的机会。
In general, SMEs are more difficult than large enterprises to enter the international market, since SMEs do not have the resources and advantages of the development of international markets, many small business owners that operate abroad need to take huge risks. Although the environment of globalization to provide opportunities for SMEs, but also bring more competition, a company into the international market, it means that they must take some risks, in this dynamic environment, enterprises must to be able to clearly identify the market, seize the opportunities on the international market.
Economic globalization and the internationalization of SMEs are the world's two major trends of economic development. Economic globalization has promoted a variety of resources in the international market, free movement, deepening the international division of labor, industry, the transfer between countries, the economic dependence of strengthening cross-border operations for various companies provide a broad stage. In this wave of economic globalization, the implementation of the outside world, the successful transition to a market economy in China has been swept them as one of the protagonists, especially the opportunity to seize the transfer of industry after the unprecedented development of the manufacturing industry, won the "World Manufacturing factory "of the title. According to the Ministry of Commerce on foreign investment in China in 2005 statistics, China's industry sectors can be divided into the following categories: manufacturing, mining, information transmission and computer services and software, business services, wholesale and retail trade, transport agriculture, forestry and fishing, construction and other industries. Among them, the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry, China has become second only to the United States, Japan, Germany, ranking fourth in the world manufacturing country.#p#分页标题#e#
An enterprise's ability to seize new opportunities depends on the level of corporate entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial orientation as a direct means risk, early recognition and action; therefore, the level of entrepreneurial orientation is an important factor for international business success, to establish entrepreneurial orientation will help SMEs using international strategy succeeds.#p#分页标题#e#
Miller (1983) suggested that the entrepreneurial enterprises actively participate in product market innovation, undertake certain risk business, and first enter the field of innovation in order to pre-emptive. Therefore, he used three dimensions of innovativeness, risk taking and proactiveness to identify and measure the business innovation. Later, many researchers have adopted the concept proposed by Miller. However, Miller (1983), Covin and Slevin (1989) believed that the three sub-dimensions in all situations of the company's contribution to the overall entrepreneurial orientation are the same, so it can be merged into one dimension structure. Lumpkin Dess (1996) and Miller added two dimensions of autonomy and competitive aggressiveness on the basis of three-dimensional degree, and suggested that the five dimensions in a given situation are independent existence and different changes.
Begley and Boyd (1987) in the study found the curve relationship between risk taking and performance. Deshpande, Farley and Webster (1993) and Shane (1993) found in the study between the creativity and performance there is a positive linear relationship. Lumpkin and Dess (2001) found the environment hostile has positive impact on pre- firm performance. Miller and Friesen (1983) found that hostile environment has the negative impact on aggregated measures of EO and organizational performance. Kreiser,http://ukthesis.org/jr/ Marino and Weaver (2002) on the basis of three-dimensional degree given by Covin and Slevin (1989), obtained by confirmatory factor analysis of three-dimensional degree in a given situation is independent of changes in the next.
