英国留学生经济类课程作业范文：中小企业融资问题的应对策略研究SMEs in international trade finance problems and countermeasures

Is a focus on international trade finance all aspects of international trade settlement funds and credit facilities to carry out the activities . It is a modern commercial bank for importers and exporters of financial services offered , both to facilitate international trade, but also to promote the bank's own business expansion. International trade finance business is concentrated between the business and assets of business in one of the banks and the import and export enterprises have had a positive impact. However, due to many factors , SMEs in the UK to apply for international trade financing process difficult.
国际商业活动融资是一种环绕国际商业活动结算的各个环节开展的资金和信誉融通的活动。它是现代经济活动银行径出进口商所供给的金融服务，既能便捷国际商业活动，又能增进银行自身业务的拓展。

First, international trade finance for SMEs Problems
一、中小企业国际贸易融资存在的问题

( one ) Bank guarantee conditions are difficult to meet requirements
First , in line with the requirements of bank guarantees for SMEs to large enterprises willing to assume the risks of guarantee . Secondly, it is difficult for SMEs to provide suitable collateral , most SMEs are non- paid occupation of the land , the lack of a set of conditions and the available collateral pledge certificate. Although business machinery and equipment can be used for collateral , but the mortgage rate is low, but the high cost of cumbersome procedures , does not comply with trade financing convenient features . Guarantees can not be implemented in the case of banks can not grant its facilities . SMEs to solve security problems, often mutual insurance between several companies , but this is not only limited security capabilities , but also for long-term business operations of potential problems.
首先，合乎银行保险要求的大公司不愿意承受为中小公司保险的风险。其次，中小公司也难于供给适应的抵质押，大部分数中小公司的土地属非有偿占用，匮缺作为设定抵押的条件和可供质押的凭据。

( Two ) international trade finance credit difficulties
（二）国际贸易融资授信困难
Currently, the UK SME financing instruments and tools are not very standardized and stability. Bank for risk considerations , are usually reluctant to provide comprehensive credit to SMEs , often implementing business batches approval. So it is easy delays SME business opportunities. In addition, due to the need to implement security and other issues individually , companies to actually obtain financing support is not easy. Plus part of the financing banks reluctant to assume responsibility for management personnel , marketing awareness is weak , often reluctant to lend to SMEs , fear lending . Thus, the credit needs of small and medium export enterprises are often difficult to be met , which to some extent limit the development of enterprises.

( Three ) operating numerous links and approval procedures
In recent years, the changing international financial situation , as well as some other issues letters of credit advances occur , making some banking staff that international trade finance business risk, even higher than the working capital loans . They think that covers a wide range of trade finance , business rules, but also to comply with international conventions, business risk is difficult to grasp . For risk considerations, banks tend to work out a lot of loans for trade financing constraints . And relatively speaking, a general lack of bank financing in the form of a variety of stringent standards , operational processes are not standardized , arbitrary large , leading to a trade finance for SMEs than for ordinary working capital loans harder . Meanwhile, the banks and the lack of detailed information on corporate information is difficult to fully and accurately understand and analyze the actual situation of enterprises . More and more approval procedures , cumbersome handling procedures and longer average operating time for business to business practice caused great inconvenience.

( Four ) companies are not familiar with trade finance products
Import and export business for SMEs mostly by domestic enterprises to change from, a lower overall quality of staff , lack of familiarity with international business enterprises , banking and foreign trade business talent. In banking products constantly updated, new trade financing endless varieties of circumstances, most SMEs can not work well with the actual business , select the appropriate characteristics of the enterprise business financing products, coupled with lack of http://www.ukthesis.org/jjxzy/ communication between banks and enterprises , for each class of financial products can not be applied flexibly. This not only improves the company's operating costs, and loss of business opportunities , resulting in a passive corporate business development .

Second, international trade finance SMEs countermeasures

( one ) expand direct financing channels
First, the stock market financing . Allow all kinds of conditions are ripe for SMEs, especially high-tech companies to the stock market for direct financing, or bundled with large enterprise market. Second , the formation of venture capital funds . Third, to encourage enterprise groups and research institutions and SMEs link. Fourth, encourage the use of private capital founded SMEs . Fifth, the issue of corporate bonds.

( Two ) improve the SME indirect financing system
First, build support for SME development policy banks . Second, to encourage local commercial banks to SMEs and service focus . Local commercial banks should take the initiative to focus on serving small and medium enterprises , especially small and medium sized technology companies , both of which should be mutual promotion and mutual development . Third , the establishment of services for SMEs credit guarantee institutions . Can be set up by the state finance institutions , financial institutions and credit co-funded SME investment fund to provide guarantees for SMEs and directly guaranteed by the project risk management , to encourage enterprise groups to provide security for its relevance to SMEs , established specifically for SME service agencies to provide security services for SMEs .

( Three ) the characteristics of credit for SMEs to establish evaluation systems
Establish a credit rating , scientific and rational way reflect the operating conditions of SMEs and solvency . For most SMEs are small , set up time is short, the financing needs prosperous, high frequency, characteristics of a small amount , formulate a suitable characteristics of SMEs credit assessment approach . During the traditional financial statement analysis at the same time , focus on strengthening the export channels , the operator 's quality, settlement, loans repaid the technological content and market potential and other aspects of the review , from a financial and non-financial factors for comprehensive credit for SMEs rating . Establishment of SME information database, gathering SME products , the market situation , import and export situation and the credit situation , etc., to change the situation of asymmetric information .

( Four ) full use of new financial instruments to meet the actual needs of
First, banks are required to strengthen the business-related personnel training to understand the bank's trade finance products and the characteristics of various financial products and application . Second, banks should be able to promote a timely manner appropriate to the enterprise 's business lines , financial advisors play a role . Third, banks should actively innovative financial services , will run out of new ideas of traditional products , such as packaged loan business , not just confined under the credit business . Be gradually extended to the collection and export invoice financing , import business can be transferred to open letters of credit, standby letters of credit , international factoring business to meet the financing needs of SMEs multifaceted .