“大数据”的商业模式创新＂Pattern of business model innovation of large data＂
06-14, 2014
And the essence of the 1 "big data" connotation
1 “大数据”内在与精华
International Data Corporation (IDC) defined on large data is: through high speed capture, discovery or analysis, a new technology framework to capture value from the large capacity data in. Large data with large volume, fast production speed, diversity and accuracy characteristics of 4V (Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity). Core data is based on correlation analysis prediction method on the basis of the analysis, its essence is: more data or all data instead of sampling, the pursuit of efficiency rather than absolute accuracy, attention related and non causal.
国际数据公司（IDC）对大数据的界说是：经过高速捕捉、发现或分析，从大容量数据中获取价值的一种新的技能架构。大数据具有总量大、发生速度快、多元化及精确性4V特点（即Volume、Velocity、Variety、Veracity）。大数据的中心是建立在有关联系分析法基础上的猜测，其精华是：分析更多数据乃至全部数据而非抽样、寻求效率而非绝对精确、注重有关而非因果。
2 "big data" and subversive innovation
2 “大数据”与颠覆性立异
2.1The era of the data of the change of thinking
2.1 大数据年代的思想革新
The core of the computer age is computing power, aims to improve the ability of data processing; the age of the Internet to solve the information of mobile and connection problems; and the age of big data, the world is all things to all data, let people to optimize the real operation and behavior in the data use, so that the global system operation more efficient. University of Oxford professor Schoenberg introduced the big data era of thinking change in "the age of big data" in one book, with emphasis on the data rather than a random sample is not accurate, but mixed, and not causality but correlation.
计算机年代的中心是计算能力，意图在于进步对数据的处置能力；互联网年代处理了信息移动和连接的疑问；而大数据年代，可将国际万事万物统统数据化，让大家在数据使用中优化实际操作和行动，令全球系统的运转更为高效。牛津大学教授舍恩伯格在《大数据年代》一书中介绍了大数据年代的思想革新，强调整体数据而非随机样本，不是精确性而是稠浊性，以及不是因果联系而是有关联系。
2.2Subversive innovation in the field of "big data caused by"
Following the computer, the Internet, the human is entering "the era of big data" in modern information society, data is opening a major change. In many areas, large data is the wave induced subversive innovation (disruptive innovation by introducing /Disruptive innovation), compared with the existing product is not good products and services, or to provide a relatively simple and more convenient and cheap products, attract in the secondary market is not too picky consumers, even non consumer. Large data induced changes or subversive innovation in the following areas:#p#分页标题#e#
(1) the health sector, the average value of standardized treatment will change to the precise, digital medical. (2) the manufacturing field, the 3D print data represented as manufacturing, is a method of producing a personalized, brand new, it does not need to die, can achieve seamless docking of different materials, even in difficult to manufacture something (such as human organs), can also through data reduction of manufacturing. (3) financial, aviation industry will be entirely electronic, such as relying on large data, can accurately predict the ticket price trend. (4) the field of military security, support the military security background, requirements on the various data of the satellite system, data analysis system and the higher, higher dependence on large data, there may be the first to achieve a breakthrough in the field. (5) the Internet industry, Internet service industry future may migrate to the data, through the web service, APP the way to earn money in the past, will be minimal branch.
2.3 business model innovation dimensions of the big data based on transfer
From the enterprise level, business model innovation will reveal the "data" in the enterprise value innovation, key business and process innovation, profit model innovation, external network and value network reconfiguration in the use of; from the "data" industry chain, business model innovation of the longitudinal orientation and integration of industry chain extension, technical data laterally along the large data of the product value chain defines the basic business model, business model innovation to trend to provide a complete solution oriented; from the industry level, business model innovation based on the "connection" and "fusion" two kinds of new business models -- platform business model and data driven cross-border mode.
Subversive innovation 2.4 "data" is to deal with the challenges caused by policy
The financial crisis of 2008 has a profound impact on the world, Global trade impetus is exhausted, the world needs to find a new way out, America breach is the open government. USA government in 2012 formulated the "big data research and development plan", hopes to enhance USA found, environmental and biomedical research, education and national security in the aspects of science, to solve the America facing the most challenging problems.
The 3 direction [business model innovation based on large data
Action mechanism of 3.1 social networking environments and social capital structure
The development of large data and social network applications makes the network environment has become a huge, accurate mapping and continuous record of human behavior characteristics of the digital world. The digital world and a large amount of data is accumulated has become necessary to rely on, a profound understanding of human behaviour in social and business activities in the therefore, future research should study the behavior mechanism of special attention to social networking environment, especially the social capital structure model of integration of social networks and in business significance and impact.#p#分页标题#e#
3.2 enterprise network ecosystem and its synergism mechanism
Large data "is affecting enterprise's business environment in various ways and paths, it has become a business model innovation basic background. Calculation of the focus of technology development has been from the information processing gradually transition to the information service, and construction of information service platform has become the main melody in cloud computing era.
(1) the cloud platform.
The age of big data, how to construct the research platform of open management is one of the enterprises and the government to solve the problem. The cloud is the foundation of a new way to achieve a variety of technology and ability. With the development of modern data acquisition such as the formation of video monitoring cloud to cloud storage, power of the data is more and more big, the infrastructure cloud makes these large-scale interactive, large-scale data processing, large-scale applications to better serve our, has an elastic, more agile infrastructure.
(2) the big data, mobile applications, CRM integration.
Due to the explosive growth of data, the enterprises can get the strategic decision-making information from these complicated data quickly, this is the key to winning the match. In the age of big data development master CRM is essential, but in large data arrival, CRM bound to fusion and big data, mobile applications. The rapid development of mobile financial cloud, e-commerce, logistics industry such as cloud cloud cloud, individual oriented mobile cloud storage, mobile cloud music is an inevitable trend.
3.3 large data environment customer insight and marketing strategy
Four commercial value lever and large data based on customer segmentation: on, and then each group tailored like take special action; using data simulated reality, explore the new demand and improve the investment rate of return; to improve data sharing in degree of each related department, improve the management chain and industry chain investment rate of return; to carry out the business model innovation, products and services. Including customer insights into the large data environment and marketing strategy:
(1) the third generation PaaS platform based on the unified customer view, implement market segmentation. The CRM system of big data and cloud computing to target customers based on the depth of excavation, to achieve the comprehensive enterprise management and application of various departments, the establishment of marketing management platform to customers as the center, the customer segmentation, help the enterprise to seize on its most important customer, achieve maximum benefit.
(2) customer orientation, determine the marketing strategy, the marketing management of the whole process. According to the customer data is complex, in accordance with the transverse and longitudinal multi-dimensional way for enterprise customers accurate analysis, screening out the core target customers, and accurately convey the product, discounts and other information, to ensure the realization of "precision" marketing.#p#分页标题#e#
(3) a smooth channel, recombinant service process, and establish a stable customer base. Precision marketing with the long-term personalized communication advanced database technology, network communication technology and other means to protect and customers, so as to continuously meet customer demand, to establish a stable business loyal customers, customers realize the value of the marketing chain reaction, to measure, control precision requirements,to promote long-term stable and rapid development of enterprises.
In a word, on the one hand, large data technology has made various types of data into valuable information can be obtained quickly advantage; on the other hand, cross fusion after the transfer of data and the individual consumer behavior and preference based on holographic visible data, so, the marketing in the future can be accurately according to the interests and preferences of each the consumers of different offer them exclusive of personalized products and services.
3.4 large data based on business model innovation
Big data era, will bring hitherto unknown opportunities and perplexity of modern enterprise management and business decision, innovation of the business mode of large data are focusing on the comprehensive role and influence in business and management mode based on. Based on the "data" of the business model innovation has three aspects:
(1) "data" industry chain. The composition of the whole data service industry chain from production, communication, data acquisition, storage, processing and analysis of the sale of such links, each traditional industries will be arranged to belong to a number of industry chain link. The rapid development of cloud computing, Internet of things, social networks, mobile Internet to the rapid growth of various types of data, data mining massive data oriented breeds more business model innovation, data storage, processing and analysis, data application data industry will be rapid development.
(2) the platform business model; data mining in electronic commerce will further expand the service scope of business, traditional business will be fully mining large data value, carrying out precision marketing. Content service provider information will use the data to develop the personalized service. Fusion cloud platform and mobile and CRM will be the inevitable trend..
(3) data driven cross-border mode. For example, mobile Internet will combine LBS with big data technology, open up new business data, providing high value-added services for data analysis, data package for the service, open to the outside world, can form the core competence of commercial, implementation of business model innovation, can we truly achieve the flow management. The following specific business model innovation:
The data storage space rental. Operation with storage capacity, to meet the enterprises and individuals will face massive information storage requirements. Specifically speaking, can be divided into personal file storage, for business users to two categories. Customer relationship management. For small and medium-sized customers, specifically CRM apparently big expensive. Fetion as primary CRM many small businesses to use. The business decision guidance. The user data, apply mature operation analysis technology, improve the ability of enterprise data resources, make the decision of enterprises is more accurate, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency. The personalized recommendation precision. Through the analysis of user behavior data, can give a person needs to transmit information need, have become valuable information. The construction of the localization data mart. The operator has the whole network, localization advantage, will make the operator provided by the platform, can maximize coverage of local services, entertainment, education and medical data. The data search. Data retrieval is not a fresh application, however, with the arrival of the era of big data, real-time, full range retrieval demand becomes more and more intense. The innovation of social management mode. For operators, data analysis on government service market is of great prospect. America have used data on historic arrest mode, payday, sports, weather and holidays such as rainfall variables were analyzed, so as to optimize the police force allocation#p#分页标题#e#
4 data and institutional change
4.1 data and social management mode reform
Big data will not only enhance the competitiveness of enterprise innovation, will also change of social management mode, become the forefront of national competition. In the field of public administration, big data less investment, high profit and fast. America government through large data web site "Data.gov", discloses one hundred thousand or more open database, the social public data to any third party for the opening, on the prevention of crime, traffic management, education, anti welfare fraud are very effective. America the federal government requires each state will open the relevant data, the national American, Britain has also established the open government coalition, some countries are trying to open data. Brought about by the subversive innovation will be large data wave induced institutional change (induced institutional change has forced institutional change). Kukye and Schoenberg think that data will not only change people's life and work, but will change the human understanding and way of thinking about the world
Both sides of the 4.2 data and the regulation of "data"
On the positive side, large data has actually become the main data of the Kingdom, is the main research object information next, correct evaluation of large data of commercial value, establish new industry data, cultivate large data professionals, will greatly promote social change and economic development. From the negative aspect, big data technology is not a panacea, can not solve all the problems, it is only a means to quantify the decision. Large data itself is not equivalent to the rational, decision making based on data analysis and not based on experience and intuition, is a rational expression, but the bigger reason is the humanistic principle, which attaches importance to the universal demands of the people, safeguard the national dignity and culture, respecting people's freedom, equality and rights.
5 thinking and Enlightenment
Big data is a kind of resource, a technology, a tool, an environment, a trend; large data bring lower cost threshold, more opportunities, more easy to breed the subversive innovation; large data to shorten the large and small enterprises in the competitive gap. Large data to information security challenge at the same time, also provide new opportunities for the development of information security. At present, the obstacles to the development of large data is data "accessibility" is the opening and sharing of data. Open data movement in overseas is absolutely not stay at the government level, business data in the open. Open data is not only a right to know the problem, it is an economic issue, which is how to promote China's economic transformation upgrade problem. In the "data" era, open data will become an inevitable requirement. Of course, open is to guarantee the data security and personal privacy is the premise of
On the one hand, large data creation or reform based on the need to be a trend which cannot be halted, promote, on the other hand, because the two sides of large data, and the scientific and reasonable regulations, comply with social ethics (International), humanitarian, fair and justice, equality and mutual benefit, friendly principle, is to analyze the rules guiding the data, and how to the specific measures for the hammer is the current and future needs of thinking and problem solving.#p#分页标题#e#
Reference
[1] Li Wenlian, Xia Jianming. Based on the "data" of the business model innovation [J]. China industrial economy, 2013, (05).
[2] Qin male group, Wang Hui Ju, Li Furong, Li Cuiping, Zhou Xuan. Data management new pattern [J]. Journal of software, 2013, (02).
[3] Feng Zhiyan, Guo Xun, Chen Yubo, Chen Guoqing. Once the army, to study business management under the background of [J]. data of some frontier problems of management science, 2013, (01).
[4] Meng Xiaofeng, kindly. Large data management: concepts, techniques and challenges [J]. Journal of computer research and development, 2013, (01).
[5] Wang Shan, the king will give, Qin Xiong sent, Zhou Xuan. Architecture data: challenges, current situation and Prospect of [J]. Chinese Journal of computers, 2011, (10).
1 “大数据”内在与精华
International Data Corporation (IDC) defined on large data is: through high speed capture, discovery or analysis, a new technology framework to capture value from the large capacity data in. Large data with large volume, fast production speed, diversity and accuracy characteristics of 4V (Volume, Velocity, Variety, Veracity). Core data is based on correlation analysis prediction method on the basis of the analysis, its essence is: more data or all data instead of sampling, the pursuit of efficiency rather than absolute accuracy, attention related and non causal.
国际数据公司（IDC）对大数据的界说是：经过高速捕捉、发现或分析，从大容量数据中获取价值的一种新的技能架构。大数据具有总量大、发生速度快、多元化及精确性4V特点（即Volume、Velocity、Variety、Veracity）。大数据的中心是建立在有关联系分析法基础上的猜测，其精华是：分析更多数据乃至全部数据而非抽样、寻求效率而非绝对精确、注重有关而非因果。
2 "big data" and subversive innovation
2 “大数据”与颠覆性立异
2.1The era of the data of the change of thinking
2.1 大数据年代的思想革新
The core of the computer age is computing power, aims to improve the ability of data processing; the age of the Internet to solve the information of mobile and connection problems; and the age of big data, the world is all things to all data, let people to optimize the real operation and behavior in the data use, so that the global system operation more efficient. University of Oxford professor Schoenberg introduced the big data era of thinking change in "the age of big data" in one book, with emphasis on the data rather than a random sample is not accurate, but mixed, and not causality but correlation.
计算机年代的中心是计算能力，意图在于进步对数据的处置能力；互联网年代处理了信息移动和连接的疑问；而大数据年代，可将国际万事万物统统数据化，让大家在数据使用中优化实际操作和行动，令全球系统的运转更为高效。牛津大学教授舍恩伯格在《大数据年代》一书中介绍了大数据年代的思想革新，强调整体数据而非随机样本，不是精确性而是稠浊性，以及不是因果联系而是有关联系。
2.2Subversive innovation in the field of "big data caused by"
Following the computer, the Internet, the human is entering "the era of big data" in modern information society, data is opening a major change. In many areas, large data is the wave induced subversive innovation (disruptive innovation by introducing /Disruptive innovation), compared with the existing product is not good products and services, or to provide a relatively simple and more convenient and cheap products, attract in the secondary market is not too picky consumers, even non consumer. Large data induced changes or subversive innovation in the following areas:#p#分页标题#e#
(1) the health sector, the average value of standardized treatment will change to the precise, digital medical. (2) the manufacturing field, the 3D print data represented as manufacturing, is a method of producing a personalized, brand new, it does not need to die, can achieve seamless docking of different materials, even in difficult to manufacture something (such as human organs), can also through data reduction of manufacturing. (3) financial, aviation industry will be entirely electronic, such as relying on large data, can accurately predict the ticket price trend. (4) the field of military security, support the military security background, requirements on the various data of the satellite system, data analysis system and the higher, higher dependence on large data, there may be the first to achieve a breakthrough in the field. (5) the Internet industry, Internet service industry future may migrate to the data, through the web service, APP the way to earn money in the past, will be minimal branch.
2.3 business model innovation dimensions of the big data based on transfer
From the enterprise level, business model innovation will reveal the "data" in the enterprise value innovation, key business and process innovation, profit model innovation, external network and value network reconfiguration in the use of; from the "data" industry chain, business model innovation of the longitudinal orientation and integration of industry chain extension, technical data laterally along the large data of the product value chain defines the basic business model, business model innovation to trend to provide a complete solution oriented; from the industry level, business model innovation based on the "connection" and "fusion" two kinds of new business models -- platform business model and data driven cross-border mode.
Subversive innovation 2.4 "data" is to deal with the challenges caused by policy
The financial crisis of 2008 has a profound impact on the world, Global trade impetus is exhausted, the world needs to find a new way out, America breach is the open government. USA government in 2012 formulated the "big data research and development plan", hopes to enhance USA found, environmental and biomedical research, education and national security in the aspects of science, to solve the America facing the most challenging problems.
The 3 direction [business model innovation based on large data
Action mechanism of 3.1 social networking environments and social capital structure
The development of large data and social network applications makes the network environment has become a huge, accurate mapping and continuous record of human behavior characteristics of the digital world. The digital world and a large amount of data is accumulated has become necessary to rely on, a profound understanding of human behaviour in social and business activities in the therefore, future research should study the behavior mechanism of special attention to social networking environment, especially the social capital structure model of integration of social networks and in business significance and impact.#p#分页标题#e#
3.2 enterprise network ecosystem and its synergism mechanism
Large data "is affecting enterprise's business environment in various ways and paths, it has become a business model innovation basic background. Calculation of the focus of technology development has been from the information processing gradually transition to the information service, and construction of information service platform has become the main melody in cloud computing era.
(1) the cloud platform.
The age of big data, how to construct the research platform of open management is one of the enterprises and the government to solve the problem. The cloud is the foundation of a new way to achieve a variety of technology and ability. With the development of modern data acquisition such as the formation of video monitoring cloud to cloud storage, power of the data is more and more big, the infrastructure cloud makes these large-scale interactive, large-scale data processing, large-scale applications to better serve our, has an elastic, more agile infrastructure.
(2) the big data, mobile applications, CRM integration.
Due to the explosive growth of data, the enterprises can get the strategic decision-making information from these complicated data quickly, this is the key to winning the match. In the age of big data development master CRM is essential, but in large data arrival, CRM bound to fusion and big data, mobile applications. The rapid development of mobile financial cloud, e-commerce, logistics industry such as cloud cloud cloud, individual oriented mobile cloud storage, mobile cloud music is an inevitable trend.
3.3 large data environment customer insight and marketing strategy
Four commercial value lever and large data based on customer segmentation: on, and then each group tailored like take special action; using data simulated reality, explore the new demand and improve the investment rate of return; to improve data sharing in degree of each related department, improve the management chain and industry chain investment rate of return; to carry out the business model innovation, products and services. Including customer insights into the large data environment and marketing strategy:
(1) the third generation PaaS platform based on the unified customer view, implement market segmentation. The CRM system of big data and cloud computing to target customers based on the depth of excavation, to achieve the comprehensive enterprise management and application of various departments, the establishment of marketing management platform to customers as the center, the customer segmentation, help the enterprise to seize on its most important customer, achieve maximum benefit.
(2) customer orientation, determine the marketing strategy, the marketing management of the whole process. According to the customer data is complex, in accordance with the transverse and longitudinal multi-dimensional way for enterprise customers accurate analysis, screening out the core target customers, and accurately convey the product, discounts and other information, to ensure the realization of "precision" marketing.#p#分页标题#e#
(3) a smooth channel, recombinant service process, and establish a stable customer base. Precision marketing with the long-term personalized communication advanced database technology, network communication technology and other means to protect and customers, so as to continuously meet customer demand, to establish a stable business loyal customers, customers realize the value of the marketing chain reaction, to measure, control precision requirements,to promote long-term stable and rapid development of enterprises.
In a word, on the one hand, large data technology has made various types of data into valuable information can be obtained quickly advantage; on the other hand, cross fusion after the transfer of data and the individual consumer behavior and preference based on holographic visible data, so, the marketing in the future can be accurately according to the interests and preferences of each the consumers of different offer them exclusive of personalized products and services.
3.4 large data based on business model innovation
Big data era, will bring hitherto unknown opportunities and perplexity of modern enterprise management and business decision, innovation of the business mode of large data are focusing on the comprehensive role and influence in business and management mode based on. Based on the "data" of the business model innovation has three aspects:
(1) "data" industry chain. The composition of the whole data service industry chain from production, communication, data acquisition, storage, processing and analysis of the sale of such links, each traditional industries will be arranged to belong to a number of industry chain link. The rapid development of cloud computing, Internet of things, social networks, mobile Internet to the rapid growth of various types of data, data mining massive data oriented breeds more business model innovation, data storage, processing and analysis, data application data industry will be rapid development.
(2) the platform business model; data mining in electronic commerce will further expand the service scope of business, traditional business will be fully mining large data value, carrying out precision marketing. Content service provider information will use the data to develop the personalized service. Fusion cloud platform and mobile and CRM will be the inevitable trend..
(3) data driven cross-border mode. For example, mobile Internet will combine LBS with big data technology, open up new business data, providing high value-added services for data analysis, data package for the service, open to the outside world, can form the core competence of commercial, implementation of business model innovation, can we truly achieve the flow management. The following specific business model innovation:
The data storage space rental. Operation with storage capacity, to meet the enterprises and individuals will face massive information storage requirements. Specifically speaking, can be divided into personal file storage, for business users to two categories. Customer relationship management. For small and medium-sized customers, specifically CRM apparently big expensive. Fetion as primary CRM many small businesses to use. The business decision guidance. The user data, apply mature operation analysis technology, improve the ability of enterprise data resources, make the decision of enterprises is more accurate, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency. The personalized recommendation precision. Through the analysis of user behavior data, can give a person needs to transmit information need, have become valuable information. The construction of the localization data mart. The operator has the whole network, localization advantage, will make the operator provided by the platform, can maximize coverage of local services, entertainment, education and medical data. The data search. Data retrieval is not a fresh application, however, with the arrival of the era of big data, real-time, full range retrieval demand becomes more and more intense. The innovation of social management mode. For operators, data analysis on government service market is of great prospect. America have used data on historic arrest mode, payday, sports, weather and holidays such as rainfall variables were analyzed, so as to optimize the police force allocation#p#分页标题#e#
4 data and institutional change
4.1 data and social management mode reform
Big data will not only enhance the competitiveness of enterprise innovation, will also change of social management mode, become the forefront of national competition. In the field of public administration, big data less investment, high profit and fast. America government through large data web site "Data.gov", discloses one hundred thousand or more open database, the social public data to any third party for the opening, on the prevention of crime, traffic management, education, anti welfare fraud are very effective. America the federal government requires each state will open the relevant data, the national American, Britain has also established the open government coalition, some countries are trying to open data. Brought about by the subversive innovation will be large data wave induced institutional change (induced institutional change has forced institutional change). Kukye and Schoenberg think that data will not only change people's life and work, but will change the human understanding and way of thinking about the world
Both sides of the 4.2 data and the regulation of "data"
On the positive side, large data has actually become the main data of the Kingdom, is the main research object information next, correct evaluation of large data of commercial value, establish new industry data, cultivate large data professionals, will greatly promote social change and economic development. From the negative aspect, big data technology is not a panacea, can not solve all the problems, it is only a means to quantify the decision. Large data itself is not equivalent to the rational, decision making based on data analysis and not based on experience and intuition, is a rational expression, but the bigger reason is the humanistic principle, which attaches importance to the universal demands of the people, safeguard the national dignity and culture, respecting people's freedom, equality and rights.
5 thinking and Enlightenment
Big data is a kind of resource, a technology, a tool, an environment, a trend; large data bring lower cost threshold, more opportunities, more easy to breed the subversive innovation; large data to shorten the large and small enterprises in the competitive gap. Large data to information security challenge at the same time, also provide new opportunities for the development of information security. At present, the obstacles to the development of large data is data "accessibility" is the opening and sharing of data. Open data movement in overseas is absolutely not stay at the government level, business data in the open. Open data is not only a right to know the problem, it is an economic issue, which is how to promote China's economic transformation upgrade problem. In the "data" era, open data will become an inevitable requirement. Of course, open is to guarantee the data security and personal privacy is the premise of
On the one hand, large data creation or reform based on the need to be a trend which cannot be halted, promote, on the other hand, because the two sides of large data, and the scientific and reasonable regulations, comply with social ethics (International), humanitarian, fair and justice, equality and mutual benefit, friendly principle, is to analyze the rules guiding the data, and how to the specific measures for the hammer is the current and future needs of thinking and problem solving.#p#分页标题#e#
Reference
[1] Li Wenlian, Xia Jianming. Based on the "data" of the business model innovation [J]. China industrial economy, 2013, (05).
[2] Qin male group, Wang Hui Ju, Li Furong, Li Cuiping, Zhou Xuan. Data management new pattern [J]. Journal of software, 2013, (02).
[3] Feng Zhiyan, Guo Xun, Chen Yubo, Chen Guoqing. Once the army, to study business management under the background of [J]. data of some frontier problems of management science, 2013, (01).
[4] Meng Xiaofeng, kindly. Large data management: concepts, techniques and challenges [J]. Journal of computer research and development, 2013, (01).
[5] Wang Shan, the king will give, Qin Xiong sent, Zhou Xuan. Architecture data: challenges, current situation and Prospect of [J]. Chinese Journal of computers, 2011, (10).
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