The basic of management and control in construction of hydropower project水电工程管理控制方法的基础

A hydropower project construction management, quality control
一、水电工程施工办理质量操控

Speed up the construction of hydropower has strategic position play a decisive role in the USA economic construction and daily life, hydropower engineering construction quality is directly related to the hydropower engineering can play a role in economic development. In this regard, in hydropower project construction must be combined with the actual situation in the process of construction to strengthen quality control, in order to reduce the quality of disease, to ensure the completion of hydropower project construction efficiency, within a reasonable period of high quality.

加速水电建造在美国经济建造与平常日子中具有无足轻重的战略地位，水电工程建造的质量好坏关系到水电工程能否发扬在经济发展中的作用。对此，在水电项目施工中有必要结合实际情况在施工的过程中加强质量操控，以此减少质量病害的发生，确保在合理的工期内高效率、高质量的完结水电项目施工。

(1) construction project management organization structure should be reasonable

（一）施工项目办理安排构造要合理
According to the characteristics of hydropower project, establish the scientific and reasonable construction project management organization structure model. For reinforcement, reservoir dam hydropower station project, a project often also contains cofferdam, diversion, earthwork excavation, dam filling and rolling, filling, reinforced concrete chamber, deep foundation building and many other types of hydraulic structures, each construction technique than the general construction of the complex, and the cross operation, various construction technology project in short, the situation for the matrix type organization of project. Channel engineering, pipeline installation, functional structure of project organization is the most suitable way, can be completed and energetic team, the implementation of management flexibility, fast.
　依据水电工程特色，建立科学合理的施工项目办理安排构造形式。关于水库纽带除险加固、水电站等工程，一个项目通常一起包括导流、围堰、土石方开挖、坝体填筑碾压、灌浆、钢筋混凝土闸室、深根底厂房等很多类型水工建筑物，每种施工技能都比通常建筑工程杂乱，并且各种施工技能交叉工作，工期短，这种情况合适选用矩阵式项目安排形式。就途径工程、管道装置而言，直线功能式项目安排形式是最合适的方式，可以建成有活力的小团队，灵敏、疾速的实施办理。


(2) to strengthen the quality consciousness of man

（二）加强人的质量认识
Quality awareness of people's strength and advocacy organization closely related. Base in hydropower engineering staff generally low cultural level, and weak quality consciousness. Therefore, for the grass-roots staff quality publicity is necessary. Therefore we must do the quality consciousness propaganda, propaganda department through posters, poster, meeting the technical disclosure, etc..#p#分页标题#e#

人的质量认识的强弱和安排的宣扬密切相关。在水电工程中底层的职工遍及文化水平低，并且质量认识淡漠。因而，对底层职工进行质量宣扬很有必要。因而有必要做好质量认识的宣扬，宣扬工作科经过粘贴海报、板报、开会，技能交底等方式完成。

(3) strict construction material selection

Material is the base of hydropower project, must strengthen the quality control of material, it should start from the selection of materials. In the material before admission to strengthen to raw material inspection, must be on the certificate and material test specification control. For example, irrigation channel project control of raw materials, strict inspection certificate and the materials, these materials include plastic, cement, sand, st1, st1 and polyphenyl board etc.. Certificate must contain a variety name, material specifications, material properties and other indicators.
(4) the quality assurance of construction operation
Construction operation, to adhere to the self inspection, mutual inspection, handover inspection system, must also pay attention to control of key parts, such as sluice construction must handle the foundation treatment, waterproof, expansion joints, concrete (internal and external), embedded parts, gate, hoist, only to ensure the construction quality of main parts well, in order to control the construction quality of the whole project. Such as the construction of hydropower station in particular the pump beams, motor layer, vertical mold before casting, we must ask the manufacturer to the length of the shaft and the installation elevation control; you must first install the gate frame gate slot before casting, must be vertical, lateral screw holes must be accurate reservation. Rather than pouring 2 stage concrete should be appropriate to stay a bit wider gate slot. Strictly control the deformation of the gate frame. Strictly control the opening and closing of the verticality machine screw, really do not wrap is not corrected, can not open; all the embedded parts timely correction. If you have partial holes, but also strengthened with steel; pressure tank pump preformed hole concrete not vibrating, only to see the other cast reinforced, impervious body similar to the abamurus in pressure tank; temporary drilling to install door should pay particular attention to strengthening, general plus 1, the 2 bolts are welded into a whole.
2, hydropower project construction management and safety control
(1) control 2 key, to ensure safety in production
Key construction object (including hazardous construction site) and key construction process should be as safety management control parts. The key construction object (including hazardous construction site construction site) such as pick high altitude suspension; diversion tunnel lining of the diversion tunnel plugging construction; influence of tide beach cofferdam built embankment construction; provide translation and the service lunwen. 1KEJIAN.CO M supporting construction [the first paper net professional excavation of deep foundation pit, welcome you]; construction, excavation of rock blasting. The key construction procedures such as pouring mass concrete; steel welding; large comp1nt hoisting; materials, comp1nts and fittings hoisting and transportation; scaffold engineering etc.. Implement effective safety inspection system and special safety stare post system truly system implementation, check the implementation of the above, the responsibility to implement 2 key, to ensure the construction safety.#p#分页标题#e#
(2) learn to identify and effective control of risk source
Causes of accidents is, do a good job hazard identification must be so as to identify hazards, hazards, and can determine the categories of accidents may cause. Method and process of hazard identification include inquire, field check, records, event tree analysis, fault tree analysis. Just make sure the dangerous source, you must put the hazard control in the safe range, the risk source information to inform, or set the safety warning signs; once found the risk sources are aggravated, immediately to measure, ensure the personal and property safety; in risk identification is eliminated, can only be the hazard warning sign to withdraw, to continue normal operation.
(3) the security of ne2rk planning technique
First of all, calculated using the security of networt planning technique model for each working unit in the floating time, by adjusting the number of various kinds of resources to achieve coordination unit time floating time, thereby reducing the use of certain period of time resources are too concentrated causing security accident problems; secondly, through the data of model of network security plan, the risk value exceeds the allowable range of process, must introduce leading security process specific, this procedure can also be split, the process protection as leading the whole process, and bring the safety protection process or can use security resources increases, the system risk values are reduced; at last through the model data, research technique to realize the risk early warning safety net program.
3, hydropower engineering construction project management
(1) 3 stage plan management method
Strictly enforce the total planned schedule after review of the project in the field of hydropower project construction in (a plan), a detailed plan (2 plan), month, week schedule plan (3 plan), command and supervision units to the actual progress of the construction site to conduct regular inspection and occasional, inspection results and schedule were compared, found that there are deviations, immediately find the reasons, find the reason in a timely manner to adjust, so repeatedly in the entire project, until the completion of the project.
(2) the construction sequence of scientific
The construction sequence set up scientific hydropower project, optimization of flow construction, realize the rational use of resources science, so as to achieve the construction project schedule requirements, the successful completion of the contract.
(3) the stage goal control law
In hydropower project construction at the beginning of stage plan must be worked out, and ensure its smooth implementation. The construction process of the schedule control including work content, on the various stages of construction procedures, duration and the relationship between the total target, according to the schedule and the principles of optimum distribution of resources planning system and ensure implementation, and then do the regular and irregular progress check in the schedule execution, found in the schedule deviation the deviation, cause analysis, find out the reasons, and then modify the plan and correct deviations.#p#分页标题#e#
4, hydropower project construction cost control management
(1) the idea and method of value engineering
The idea and method of value engineering construction scheme selection has scientific significance, through value engineering activity can determine the reasonable construction method, providing the service and the lunwen. 1KEJIAN.CO M [the reasonable arrangement of the first professional, welcome your coming] engineering construction of water, reasonably determine the entry time and number of personnel, mechanical, material use and comparison. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of water conservancy project, cost personnel must set up the idea of value engineering, and with the implementation of value engineering execution, thus making a reasonable plan, cost, schedule and quality control, synchronization, achieve the cost control target.
(2) apply enterprise quota
The enterprise quota for cost control, water conservancy and hydropower project cost management system and the objective requirement of market competition of the construction enterprise. Enterprise material consumption quota is the most important part of the enterprise quota, it is the enterprise is in its level takes full account of the positive factors of people, can reach the standard stipulated in the construction strength, quality and artificial, materials, construction machinery etc.. Preparation of advanced and feasible time (days), material unit consumption, Taiwan (number), consumption quota, cost plan, analysis, evaluation of an important basis for the construction of consumption level. A quota, can according to the audit of the consumption is reasonable, whether to save, to control the construction of unnecessary consumption.
(3) using a night, winter, rainy season construction, reduces the man hour cost
To shorten the construction period, construction of water conservancy in the conditions permit conditions can be arranged for 3 staff, for the 3 class of the project mainly include: steel production, concrete pouring, Subgrade Earthwork subgrade compaction, pulling up to at night. A small working surface of reasonable arrangements can also play a role to shorten time limit for a project, such as the organization of construction in winter and rainy season construction, suitable for rainy season construction project of water diversion tunnel, tunnel construction were less affected by climate, in the rainy season can build a temporary plastic tarpaulin.
5, hydropower project construction management of environmental control
The process of hydropower project implementation will cause a certain degree of influence on the construction area, these effects are often negative, resulting in the destruction of the ecosystem, the failure mainly includes air pollution, water pollution, soil erosion, vegetation damage caused by pollution, a serious impact on the health of local residents. Therefore, in the construction process must do a good job of environmental protection and management.#p#分页标题#e#
(1) the construction site production wastewater treatment
Excavation, flushing, maintenance of the concrete position construction sewage focus control suspension, the construction of sewage sedimentation tank, according to the construction site layout of a certain amount of water, the precipitation recycling. Waste water produced by the grouting construction, concrete pouring, after repeatedly used by precipitation.
(2) decrease the generation of atmospheric pollution prevention measures in the process of excavation.
1 in the conditions allow the chisel crack construction method. The process of excavation, the surface soil and sandy gravel overburden layer mining machinery directly digging and loading, the rock layer to provide the professional [the first and the service lunwen. 1KEJIAN.CO M, excavation welcome], shall adopt the chisel crack construction method, also can make the chisel crack properly with drilling and blasting method construction method, thereby reducing dust.
Measures to reduce the pollution of the atmosphere of the 2 drilling and blasting construction. Dust in the rig installed on the device, thereby reducing the dust; the reasonable selection of pre splitting blasting, smooth blasting or cushion blasting technology, deep hole millisecond blasting technique, the significant decrease of dust significance.
3 other
Mechanical vehicle in use process, strengthen the repair and maintenance, to prevent leakage of gasoline, diesel, oil inlet, exhaust system, ensure the smooth. Transport vehicles and construction machinery, the use of 0# diesel and unleaded gasoline and other high-quality fuel, reducing emissions of toxic, harmful gas. Take all measures as soon as possible to prevent vehicle gravel, concrete, st1 and other scattered on the road construction and project site, arrange timely cleaning. Do a good job cleaning and watering work road.