关于创新政策、企业家特征与企业创新的实证研究

I. Introduction

一、引言

China's current economic development is still stuck in the "factor-driven" stage of development, from the "innovation-driven" some distance, the urgent need to drive innovation policy in the content, Mechanisms and other aspects of enterprise innovation drive breakthrough innovation resources through the activation of Science and Technology Policy promote endogenous development.

当前我国经济发展还停留在“要素驱动”发展阶段，离“创新驱动”还有一些距离，迫切需要科技创新驱动政策在内容、传导机制与企业创新驱动等方面取得突破，通过科技政策激活创新资源，促进内生发展。 

Most of the academic emphasis on existing research results, focusing on the effect of the implementation of financial subsidies, financial, intellectual property protection and other little research. Existing studies have produced two different conclusions: the first study that subsidies are effective in promoting enterprises to increase research and innovation. If Fanzhao Bin, Su Xiaoyan (2009), Ann Tong-liang, Zhou Shaodong (2009) and other aspects of the use of different samples and confirmed the empirical financial subsidies to promote enterprises to increase R & D investment. Especially for those who already enjoy preferential tax company, if we give its financial subsidies, not only can promote their R & D efforts, but also for the commercialization of innovative products but also has a significant role in promoting. The second study suggests that financial subsidies for the company's own R & D investment has a crowding-out effect, significantly affected the business R & D investment. Often receive financial subsidies for enterprises, financial subsidies crowding increases. Chen Lin, Zhu Weiping (2008) also use a static Cournot model analysis: the Technology Promotion represented innovation subsidy payments and no significant stimulation of the growth of the whole society innovation output, innovation subsidy policy that our country is weak robustness, the effects of policies has some uncertainty. For fiscal subsidies "complementary effects" and the "crowding out" research had not been interrupted, but because of findings by a variety of factors, currently inconclusive.  http://www.ukthesis.org/thesis_sample/guanlileizuoye

学术界现有的研究大多偏重于结果，重点研究财政补贴的实施效果，对金融、知识产权保护等研究不多。现有研究得出了两种不同的结论：第一种研究认为财政补贴能有效地促进企业加大研发创新。如范兆斌、苏晓艳（2009），安同良、周绍东（2009）等利用不同层面的样本实证检验并证实了财政补贴能促进企业加大研发投入。尤其对于那些已经享受了税收优惠的公司，如果再给予其财政补贴，不仅可以促进其研发行为，而且对于创新产品的商业化也具有显著的促进作用。第二种研究认为财政补贴对于企业自身的研发投入具有挤出效应，显著地影响了企业研发投入。对于经常接受财政补贴的企业来说，财政补贴的挤出效应会增大。#p#分页标题#e#

We believe that the process and results should be combined, in particular, the classification of major innovation policy research. This article attempts to empirically analyze the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Incentives and entrepreneurs demographic background characteristics of the Guangdong Provincial R & D investment in listed companies examine the impact of technological tools and incentives for R & D in business relationships between inputs and whether this relationship to promote the enterprises to increase R & D investment; and the introduction of entrepreneurial demographic background characteristics, once again the government's science and technology research incentives and corporate R & D investment relationship.

Second, the study design and implementation

A research hypothesis

(1) tax benefits. As technological innovation has enormous risks and externalities, governments often adopt tax incentives be supplemented. Atkinson (2007), Dagenais et al. (1997) believes that tax incentives can reduce the cost of enterprise development, to stimulate business R & D investment. Domestic scholars Xiubo (2003) that corporate taxes are affecting R & D investment is one important factor. Li Liqing (2007) study shows corporate tax incentives for R & D investment positively correlated, but the incentive effect is not obvious.

H1: tax incentives and innovation activities of enterprises positively correlated.

(2) government subsidies. Tang Qingquan and Romania Party On (2007), Jiang Ning and Huang Wan (2010) study shows government subsidies in the maintenance of social goals plays a big role. Shao Min and package group (2011) that the local government is more inclined to choose the market more competitive enterprises as the target subsidies, but is more likely to give subsidies to the enterprise market competitiveness of weaker companies a higher level of subsidy.

H2: government subsidies policy and positively related to innovation activities of enterprises.

(3) financial support. Li Wei (2005), Qin (2011), Cheng Jin Jin (2012) and so that the financial impact of independent innovation for businesses growing, financial support to promote independent innovation has become an important factor in development.

H3: Financial Support and positively related to innovation activities of enterprises.

(4) intellectual property protection. Activist fiscal and labor-intensive consumption of large enterprises, SMEs, due to financial, human and other reasons, rights difficult. According to the PRC State Intellectual Property Office Intellectual Property pilot demonstration on urban policy document published in 2009, Guangzhou and other countries 34 IPR model city. 2011 National IPR Model City to 45, including Guangzhou, Foshan, Shantou, etc. Yu Changlin and Ruifang (2009) that in developed countries, intellectual property protection has become a support for R & D investment, promote technological innovation the most important factor. Technological innovation in developing countries between the level of protection of intellectual property presents "inverted U-shaped" relationship. Peng Fuyang, Li Peng, China Ann Pure (2012) found that technological innovation and intellectual property protection is to improve the level of intensive economic growth an important factor.#p#分页标题#e#

H4: Intellectual Property Protection for enterprise innovation activities have a positive impact.

(5) Entrepreneurs ages. Some studies show that although older subjective decision-makers need more information to make decisions, but because of its ability to integrate resources and information weakening, leading to proactively adjust the strategic direction of lowering of consciousness (Taylor, 1975). Young entrepreneurs are more abundant energy and knowledge dynamic, learning ability and innovation more strongly.

H5: entrepreneur's age innovation activities of enterprises have a negative impact, the greater the age, the more inadequate innovation activities.

(6) entrepreneurship education background. Educational attainment and individual innovation is positively related to high levels of education is changing managers keen to maintain the complex environment of clear thinking, innovation and choice making (Bantel, 1989). Tihanyi and Ellstrand (2000) found that corporate managers higher level of education, innovation ability is stronger. We believe that well-educated entrepreneurs broader perspective, more innovative.

H6: entrepreneurship education innovation activities of enterprises have a positive impact, the higher the education level, the stronger the innovation activities.

(7) entrepreneur titles. Academic title and job titles with the nature of professional and technical personnel possess professional titles which suggests that he has what academic level or what sort of jobs can symbolize a certain identity. Titles can be seen as a result has the ability to be recognized.

H7: Entrepreneurs titles innovation activities of enterprises have a positive impact, job level, the more innovative initiative.

(8) remuneration. Remuneration sense, is the organization's contribution to employees, including employee attitudes, behavior and performance of various kinds made such returns. So high salaries for the employees have some incentive effect.

H8: pay-to-business entrepreneurs have a positive impact on innovation activities.

2, sample

This option to 2009-2011 in Guangdong province 33 of 99 listed companies in the sample for the study (Table 1). First of all, 2008 was a turning point in the old and new policies are considered high-tech enterprises can enjoy a reduced rate of 15% for three consecutive years EIT starting age. Secondly, the September 2008 financial crisis, to become a turning point in the economy. During this period abnormal economic situation has seriously affected the normal development of many enterprises, and therefore the 2009-2011 three-year balanced panel data for the study. R & D expenditures as a class project profit disclosed in the financial statements and the disclosure of corporate R & D spending in the minority, if the R & D spending for research and development phases decomposition calculation, because a lot of other administrative expenses include expenses category of expenditure, hence the management fees and simple sum of intangible assets as an alternative is not accurate.#p#分页标题#e#