从社会网络的角度研究国际学生跨文化调整essay

Introduce引言

现如今,出国留学正在变得越来越受学生的欢迎。对于一些发展中国家来说,政治上的变革使得出国留学比以前更容易,同时,经济繁荣已经成为一个致使这种情况的主要原因(邓炎昌,2006)。它允许学生继续接受教育,扩大他们的知识视野,培养他们的独立性和个性。

此外,文化交流是另一个来改善国际关系的因素。然而,出国学习,以前生活的经验,另一种生活方式以及文化差异使国际学生适应新环境,从心理学和生理学的观点来看，这可能会有些困难。在这种情况下,海外学生的自我调整是十分重要的。国际学生出国跨文化调整的是他们的社交圈子。一些研究表明,个人接触当地人将有助于缩短心理调整的时期,学生会因此在更少的国际关系情况下对国际关系有更多的适应。

Nowadays, study abroad become more and more popular among students. For some developing countries, political change makes studying abroad more easily than before, at the same time, the boom has become a main causes of this situation (byram, 2006). It allows students to have to continue education, expand their knowledge and field of vision, and cultivate their independence and personality.

In addition, cultural communication is another factor to improve international relations. Go abroad to study and life experience, however, another kind of life style, cultural differences make international students to adapt to a new environment, has the certain difficulty from the point of view of psychology and physiology. In this case, it is especially important to overseas students to self adjusting. International students go abroad to cross-cultural adjustment is clearly their social circle. Some studies have shown that have personal contact with the locals will help shorten the period of psychological adjustment, and students have more adapt to the international relations than with fewer international relations.

The research target

This research attempts to study the international graduate student's social experience. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of social networks in the international students' cross-cultural adjustment process and the present situation of the international students' social network. In addition, another goal is to analyze the relationship between social network and cross-cultural adjustment.

The research question or hypothesis

This paper attempts to answer the following questions:

1) overseas students how to manage their social networking and other ethnic groups? They expect from a social network?

2) what factors influence international students' social experience?

3) social circle how to help overseas students cross-cultural adjustment?

Literature review

The definition of social networks
According to walker, McBride Vachon (1977), social network is defined as a set of individual personal contact to his/her social identity and receive emotional support, material assistance and services, information, and new social contact. Mulford (1984) show that the node connection way, directly or indirectly affect the specific node and the behavior of the system as a whole.

In addition, the hall and wellman (1985) points out that social network is a set of restrictions or two groups of people, with one or more specific types of relationships. The social network could be supply with these factors can be family members, relatives, friends, classmates, roommates, or their colleagues. The arrangement of social network structure characteristics including size, density, diversity, intimate and network frequency (Campbell and Hurlbert, 1986). Adams and Blieszner (1995) announced that the social network research purpose is to connect the social environment and personal, active or passive impact associated with health, disability and life satisfaction, get opportunities and resources.

Social network analysis
The relations between the social network is a learning method, which is pay attention to establish the relationship between people and structure. According to Rogers and. Which (1981), the network analysis can be described as a way to study identification system communication structure, relational data analysis of traffic by using some type of interpersonal relationship as the unit of analysis.
 

In addition, it also is an assumption to study social behavior. Wellman (1997) social network research is pay close attention to the structure and the interaction between the relationship. In addition, the social structure is regarded as a network, the network may or may not be divided into discrete groups can directly or indirectly influence the behavior of the individual.

Social support

lbrecht and adelman (1987), social support is in the form of verbal and nonverbal communication between individual social network, provide care and trust, in order to reduce uncertainty in certain circumstances. Many studies have shown that, it is helpful for people to cope with stress after get social support. In contrast, the possibility of a lack of social support can promote people's psychological panic, emotional and physical problems (Antonovsky 1979). Hobfoll and London (1986), on the other hand, announced that accept the degree of social support is partly depends on the individual's character.

Social networks and cross-cultural adjustment

Cross-cultural adjustment adjustment can be divided into the psychological and social culture has four types: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization (berry, 1997). Weiss (1998) suggested that the factors affect the cross-cultural adjustment can be divided into three categories: population, context and individuality.

Cross-cultural adjustment according to Mr Ikeguchi (2007), about previous studies were focused on the depression scale, scale and depressive symptoms and nervous despair measures to develop evaluation structure in theory and empirical individuals need to take measures. Flowkorski and Mr. Vogel (1999) also pointed out that hold the attitude of citizens' national negative impact of overseas students of behavior and thought. The former the interpersonal aspect to consider is less, also irresponsible to investigate how social networks influence international students' cross-cultural adjustment.#p#分页标题#e#

Obviously, some of the subsequent cultural adaptation research explore the overseas students' cross-cultural adjustment by their social circle and the local people and other students from different countries. And psychologists, for example, boehner, haim guidance (1982) survey, about 18% of the 150 foreign students closely friendship with the British people in the UK. Even so, the research about how social networks influence students' cross-cultural adjustment alone is flawed. After the shell (1979) research, some scholars overseas social circle, turning to international students cope with social difficulties. This study attempts to explore from NTIC international students, they how to overcome the problems caused by cultural differences in daily life and their social network.

methods

According to the mark, Philip and Adrian (2009), quantitative is mainly used as a synonym for any data collection techniques such as questionnaire survey and data analysis procedures, such as graphics or data generation or the use of digital data. Questionnaire survey will be used to complete the study. A questionnaire is designed to require students to provide information whether suitable or not, and the other social network of overseas survey management information. Here is an example of a questionnaire:

This study will focus on NTIC students don't speak English as their primary language. In order to get high quality feedback survey will place in a coffee shop for classification problems. With questionnaire survey to collect data will be processed for statistical data will be used for research. In addition, statistics show that the minimum number of 30 or more statistical analysis is very close to the normal distribution (stutely, 2003). In this way, the sample size will be randomly selected 30 NTIC students.
 

Design flow, however, may lead to problems in terms of reaction is ambiguous, the data is not yet clear. Therefore, the precision will decline. The number of samples, may not be able to fully display the NTIC student opinion on these problems.

Timeline:

Week 4 literature review

Week 5 to review the method of literature research, and some research topics of information

Week 6 draft literature review

Week 7 design the questionnaire

Week 8 analyze the collected data from questionnaires

The ninth week to complete the final draft and submit it

Ethical considerations

In order to protect the rights of the respondents, the use of questionnaire survey, the purpose of this study and the reason will fully explain the responders. On the other hand, the reaction of privacy should be seriously considered. The survey will be anonymous, participants should not write your own personal information, such as name, address, etc. A questionnaire. In addition, participants answer each question, explain the problem will give aid workers, in order to prevent deliberate deception, if infringement of his privacy issues, they can refuse to answer this question. In addition, the questionnaire to collect the rescuers will be destroyed after complete the survey. In the progress of the investigation, according to this standard, it will not have any direct or indirect damages of the participants.
 

Reference:文献参考

Albrechr, T, l, and adelman, M, b (1987). Communicate social support: a theoretical perspective. International management CA: sage.

Antonovsky a. (1979). Pressure and respond to health. San Francisco: jossey-bass.

Berry, j. w. (1997). Immigration, cultural adaptation and adapt. Applied psychology: an international review, 46 (1), 5-34.

We, m. (2006). In life and study abroad: research and practice. New York: Multiling affairs co., LTD

Campbell, k. E. Marsden, p V. Herlbert, j. (1986). Social resources and social economic status, social networking, 8 pp97-117.

Florkowski, G. Buddha,,, d. (1999). The effect of treatment with expatriate adjustment and commitment: hostunit. Cross-cultural human resource management journal, 783-807.

Furnham, a and boehner, the United States (1982). Social difficulties foreign culture: an empirical analysis of the culture shock. At the university of Oxford: pergamon.#p#分页标题#e#

Wellman, hall, a. b. (1985). Social networks and social support, social support and health. New York: academic press.

Hobfoll, e. and London, p. (1986). The relationship between self-concept and social support, emotional distress of women during the war. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 189-203.

Ikeguchi, c. (2007). Cross-cultural Adjustment - Reconsidering problem: foreigners in Japan's case, the cross-cultural communication research: 16 (2007), pp. 99-109.

Mulford, c. (1984). Organizational relationships: the influence of the development of communism. New York: human services co., LTD

Rogers, e. and kincaid, d. (1981). Communications network: a new research paradigm. New York: free press.

Sanders, p. Thornjill, a. m. Lewis (2009). Students of business research method. England: people education co., LTD

Stutely, m. (2003). Digital guide: the point of business computing. London: bloomberg news.

Walker, k. N. McBride,. Vachon, m. l. s (1977). Social support network and bereavement crisis: social science and medicine. 11 (1), pp35-41

Wellman, B, and leighton, b. (1979). The network community and the community: transaction quarter of the city. 14 pp363-390.