如何写英文essay？解读英语小文章的写作

格式居中，二号字体，TIMES NEW ROMAN，加重

Table of contents目录页

先将写好文章中的小标题设置格式，然后这里用WORD插入引用自动生成目录，根据情况适当调整行间距，字体大小。下面是例子。

Introduction 3

Main body 3

Engineering Ethics 3

Ethics in University Education 4

Conclusion 6

References 7

正文开始，注意行间距1.5， 字体小四，TIMES NEW ROMAN,每段开始不空格，段段之间空一行

Introduction

只写一段（字数占全文10%左右）
 

Main body

Engineering Ethics

According to Davison and Kock (2004), “professional Ethics concerns one's conduct of behavior and practice when carrying out professional work.” There are a great many professional bodies throughout the world that put forward important institutionalized “codes of conduct and codes of practice” for their members to follow. In many counties, medical ethics, legal ethics and business ethics are repeatedly discussed by the public and even regarded compulsory to the practitioners. Engineering ethics has also been becoming an increasing concern over the past decades, during which the world witnessed some momentous events like stratospheric ozone depletion, cloning technology, the Challenger disaster and so on, which are closely related to the issue of engineering ethics. Professional bodies of engineering like the US professional engineering associations, the German Association of Engineers and the Institution of Engineers, Australia, are getting more active.  
 

Engineering codes of ethics vary by different cultures and might still remain controversial. Nevertheless some codes are believed to be universal. For the sake of their professional integrity, honor and dignity, an engineer is expected to use their knowledge and skills to enhance human welfare; be honest, loyal and impartial serving the public, their employers and clients; improve their professional competence and prestige; and work under the guidance of their professional societies. An example could be where an engineer, who knows the performance and using precautions of certain products perfectly well, does his best to overvalue the performance of some goods but hesitates to provide the precautions before potential customers so as to get them into buying the products. What they bear in mind is only their corporate interest and their personal benefits, as is against their professional integrity and impartiality. Examples like this one that concerns knowledge sharing are numerous. In a journal editorial, Elliot (2004) addresses the issue of knowledge and information sharing and enumerates a great many cases in corporate setting that make “the difference between a healthy company and a company that will have to lay off people or closes its door altogether - which could end up being decidedly grave for individuals, families and the community.” #p#分页标题#e#
 

Ethics in University Education

The challenges of engineering ethics in the professional work these days that engineering ethics is becoming a new discipline that holds its place in university education. There is growing expectation by specialists (Chubin et al 2005, Davison and Kock 2004) and the public at large to enhance professional ethics education in universities by incorporate it into improved academic curriculum. Symposia, workshops and seminars could be arranged to promote professional engineering ethics. They believe professional morality and responsibility should be introduced early to engineering majors. It is also a professional must for engineering graduates to familiarize themselves with engineering code of ethics prior to being practitioners.

However, knowledge of right and wrong is at most half of the battle. A good engineering professional also needs other qualities like self-discipline, conscientiousness, integrity and professional dignity, which can hardly be acquired by simple indoctrinization or sheer brainwashing. Johnston et al (2000) advocates practice-focused ethics in engineering education for that the professional ethics being accepted well, it could be made an indispensable part of their academic practice. In universities, engineering majors, undergraduates or postgraduates, are doing experiments, conducting researches, handling projects and writing papers to conclude their practical work. By handling these practical tasks, they learn to establish their professionalism by applying their knowledge to practice and developing some practical skills. Meanwhile they are also learning to adopt their way of thinking, their mindset and their attitude as a real professional. In other words, they are also establishing their professionalism by developing those indispensable professional qualities like self-discipline, conscientiousness, integrity and professional dignity in practices they are most likely to continue after their graduation. With these qualities being part of their professional habit and value, they are bound to be upheld and advanced by those engineering graduates in their professional career. 
 

Among the above mentioned academic virtues, there is one point that is most often than not time and again repeated here and there, and could never be overvalued. That is academic honesty. Academic honesty is relevant to professional code of ethics in that it practices integrity which is valued by employers and a professional must demonstrate while working.

Academic honesty and integrity is important also in that practicing academic dishonesty means overcoming academic dishonesty. Academic misconducts such as plagiarism, collaboration and multiple-submission are rather common and induced by many factors: lagging behind in coursework, working too many hours, meeting emotional and healthy issues and so on. Thus, a university student is always tempted to misconduct academically. Their success in adhering to their honesty and integrity by dealing with pressure, balancing work and study, putting emotional matter reasonably will help them adopt correct attitude and develop useful skills that are also needed in their future work. Plagiarism, using other people’s words or ideas or research findings with proper citation, is among the most common academic misconducts. Proper citation and referencing mean acknowledging other people for their innovation and originality, which are particularly valued in this knowledge-based era. #p#分页标题#e#

Conclusion

Universities are places where the students are trained to be real professionals like engineers. The future engineers are expected to be made ethically qualified and technically. Thus professional morality and responsibility should be introduced to engineering students, and engineering code of ethics needs to be infused to these future professionals. What is even more vital to establish professional ethics is for the engineering students to develop their professional integrity, honesty, dignity, self-discipline, conscientiousness and so on through appropriate academic practice. Whenever doing research, writing paper or handling other academic tasks, they should stay off academic misconducts like plagiarism. Adhering to academic honesty means overcoming some temptations and adopting right attitude and useful skills that are essential to establishing their professionalism. Therefore, it is justifiable to say that “the development of ethic professional engineering practice begins with the development of appropriate academic practice in university engineering education.”

参考文献单独开始一页。每个文献之间空一行。哈佛文献是常用的，格式如下。

更具体请看哈佛文献规范说明。

References

Chubin, D.E. et al. (2005). Diversifying the Engineering Workforce. Journal of    Engineering Education

Davison, R. and Kock, N. (2004). Professional Ethics [online]. : Association for   Information Systems Available from:

2 April 2006].

Didier, C. (1999). Engineering ethics in France: a historical perspective. Technology in Society.

Ellit, M. (2002). Knowledge is Power. IIE Solutions

Johnston, S. et al. (2000). Practice-focused ethics in Australian engineering education.    European Journal of Engineering Education.