工商管理Essay范文：Website Attributes On Customer Satisfaction In E-Commerce
本文是工商管理专业的Essay范例，题目是“Website Attributes On Customer Satisfaction In E-Commerce（网站属性对电子商务客户满意度的影响）”，互联网不再是一种利基技术——它是大众媒体，是现代生活中不可或缺的一部分。随着我们的生活变得越来越支离破碎和混乱，消费者在搜索和购买产品时转向互联网无与伦比的便利也就不足为奇了。
Introduction介绍
The Internet is no longer a niche technology – it is mass media and an utterly integral part of modern life. As our lives become more fractured and cluttered, it isn’t surprising that consumers turn to the unrivalled convenience of the Internet when it comes to searching and buying product.
Introduction To E-Commerce电子商务概论
The rise of the WWW gives birth to new phenomena in our daily lives, one of which is e-commerce. The internet has played a fundamental and key part to promote selling products and services online which makes life convenient for the audience, which in an inter-connected world, is well, the whole world.
万维网的兴起给我们的日常生活带来了新的现象，电子商务就是其中之一。互联网在促进产品和服务的网上销售方面发挥了根本和关键的作用，这为观众的生活提供了便利，在一个互联的世界，是整个世界。
E-Commerce is a subset of an overall e-business strategy consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet. E-commerce system seeks to add more revenue streams using the World Wide Web or the Internet to build and enhance relationships with partners and clients and to improve the system’s efficiency.
E-commerce has given rise to the concept of absolutely online shops selling products and services, proficiently catalogued and available for the convenience of customer.
There are several websites that stockpile everything from books, electronic appliances lifestyle items, collectibles etc.
The level of e-commerce use can be measured by using an e-commerce capability indicator. E-commerce capability indicator by Molla and Licker:
No e-commerce indicates a company without e-mail or an Internet connection.
Connected e-commerce represents a company that has an Internet connection and e-mail.
Informational e-commerce indicates a company using a Web site to publish basic information about the company and its products/services in a static manner.
Interactive e-commerce refers to the ability of users to search the company’s product catalogue, make queries, and enter orders.
Transactional e-commerce allows online selling and purchasing of products or services including online payment and customer service.
E-business applications can be divided into three categories. First is an internal business system in which customer relationship management (CRM), Enterprise resource planning (ERP), and Human Resource management (HRM) type of systems are involved. Second is enterprise communication and collaboration such as content management system (CMS), business process management (BPM) and web conferencing etc. Third is e-commerce that includes Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce and Business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce. Online shopping comes under this category on which this study is conducted.
Several e-commerce service providers are available on web that provides professional personalized web designing services that suit their client’s needs.
Some common applications related to electronic commerce are the following:
Online Shopping (Web Shop)
Online Banking
Online Marketing
CRM etc
Online Shopping
Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. An online shop, e-shop, e-store, internet shop, web shop, web store, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services over the web.
Online shopping is a type of electronic commerce used for business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions.
The term “web shop” also refers to a place of business where web development, web hosting and other types of web related activities take place (Web refers to the World Wide Web and “shop” has a idiomatic meaning used to describe the place).
Service Quality
The level of service received on a website. Dependent on reliability, responsiveness and availability of staff and the web site service. Service quality is comprised of five dimensions. These are:
Tangibles as the appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and written materials (Zeithaml, Bitner and Gremler, 2006).
Reliability is the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately.
Assurance describes as the employees’ knowledge and courtesy and their ability to inspire trust and confidence.
Responsiveness termed as the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service.
Empathy is defined as the individualized attention given to customers.
Service Quality Dimensions In E-Commerce Systems
Let’s examine how customers judge the five dimensions of service quality in perspective of e-commerce systems.
Tangibles refer to the physical appearance of an e-commerce website, its structure, layout, theme etc and referred as “website structure”. Reliability represented as “website adequacy” which provides the relevant and needed information provided by an e-commerce system when customer clicked or requested for. Assurance termed as “website security” refers as the trustworthy service provider that could include a well reputable website, reliable payments methods etc. Responsiveness is the prompt and relevant response to the specific request of users described by “website response”. Empathy knows internal customers as individual; understanding individual needs and concerns such as by providing recommendations that matches the customer’s needs which is termed as “website customization” in world of web.
有形是指电子商务网站的外观、结构、布局、主题等，简称“网站结构”。可靠性表现为“网站的充分性”，当客户点击或要求时，它提供了电子商务系统所提供的相关和需要的信息。被称为“网站安全”的保证是指值得信赖的服务提供商，包括声誉良好的网站，可靠的支付方法等。响应性是“网站响应”所描述的对用户特定请求的提示性和相关性的响应。同理心将内部顾客视为个体;了解个人的需求和关注，例如提供符合客户需求的建议，这在网络世界被称为“网站定制”。
Service Quality Framework (SERVQUAL)
SERVQUAL was originally measured on 10 aspects of service quality which are reliability, responsiveness, competence, access, courtesy, communication, credibility, security, understanding or knowing the customer and tangibles.
By the early nineties the authors had refined the model to the useful acronym RATER.
SERVQUAL has its disbeliever and is considered overly complex, subjective and statistically unreliable. The simplified RATER model however is a simple and useful model for qualitatively exploring and assessing customers’ service experiences and has been used widely by service delivery organizations.
Customer Satisfaction客户满意度
Customer satisfaction refers to the extent to which customers are happy with the products and services provided by a business. Customer satisfaction levels can be measured using survey techniques and questionnaires. Gaining high levels of customer satisfaction is very important to a business because satisfied customers are most likely to be loyal and to make repeated orders and to use a wide range of services offered by a business.
顾客满意是指顾客对企业提供的产品和服务满意的程度。可以使用调查技术和问卷来测量客户满意度水平。获得高水平的客户满意度对一个企业来说是非常重要的，因为满意的客户最有可能是忠诚的，重复订单和使用企业提供的广泛的服务。
The basic definition of customer satisfaction says that Customer satisfaction is a business term, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation.
Customer satisfaction is an abstract concept and the actual manifestation of the state of satisfaction will vary from person to person and product/service to product or service. The level of satisfaction can also vary depending on other options the customer may have and other products against which the customer can compare the organization’s products or services.
Customer Satisfaction Based On Perceived Service Quality Of E-Commerce Systems
The overall satisfaction of e-commerce customers can be attained by providing the level of service quality that customers perceive in that system. The five dimensions of service quality are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.
The website structure of an e-commerce websites is all about the tangibility dimension.
The reliability dimension in this study is measured by the attribute called website adequacy. The website response variable indicates the responsiveness dimension. Website security as another attribute of an e-commerce system refers to the assurance dimension and the empathy dimension described by the website customization
The overall customer satisfaction is based on the five service quality dimensions representing various service attributes. These five dimensions are tangibility, reliability, assurance, responsiveness and empathy.
The detailed model used in this study is presented in figure A. The website design elements are characterized into five different types which are supposed to influence the five service quality dimensions.
This study hypothesizes that some website attributes that are based on service quality dimensions has an impact on an online customer satisfaction. In other words, customer’s satisfaction level will increase if the e-commerce system provides a higher level of service quality through different website attributes.
Increased Trend Of Online Surfing And Shopping In Pakistan
The trend of an online surfing is increasing rapidly due to the increased benefits by the use of e-commerce business environment.
People visit e-commerce web sites not only for buying but for several other reasons and the smart retailer just should not only focus on boosting online browse-to-buy conversion rates, but should also try to grab the attention of an online visitors who came in for review so as they could become a customer later.
Many people feel it comfortable to review the products through an extensive knowledge provided over the internet before actually buying a particular product. For this purpose, e-commerce website provides an interface to the buyers to write their reviews and share their after-purchase experiences.
Thus, the e-commerce systems reduce the time and efforts required for the first step of information search in consumer decision making process. That is, by just few clicks a consumer can have a concise analysis for what matches his/her needs.
There are some factors emerged as a results of the changes in lifestyle and habits of consumer which has promoted the trend of online searching and shopping in Pakistan. Some of these factors are lack of time, need of convenience and easy access to the desired object.
Moreover, e-commerce websites facilitates the visitor in many ways to boost up online browse-to-buy conversion rate.
Whenever a new customer lands on an e-commerce website, he/she must be having many questions in their minds regarding the products and services. A well-framed ecommerce site has an enquiry page for their customers. This gives the chance to the visitor to post an enquiry with the website. Main aim of this page is to gather all relevant and necessary information from the customers so that they can be given response in an apt manner.
每当一个新客户登陆一个电子商务网站，他/她的脑海中一定会有很多关于产品和服务的问题。一个结构良好的电子商务网站会为客户提供一个咨询页面。这给了访问者在网站上张贴询问的机会。这一页的主要目的是收集所有相关的和必要的信息从客户，以便他们可以作出适当的反应。
Within the past decade, e-commerce has matured and grown exponentially. The result shows that now there are many types of e-commerce payment methods available online. If a customer’s credit is bad and customer cannot afford a merchant account, there are alternative methods of payments on e-commerce websites which can help the customer.
The e-commerce systems give customers controlled access to the data they need. In other words, through an e-commerce systems company is not only managing the relationship with its customers, but giving the customers the tools to manage their relationship with the company.
Thesis Structure
This thesis consists of five chapters.
Chapter 1 discusses the problem about which the research was carried out and in general about the trends of online shopping in Pakistan. Chapter 2 is about the literature review and the theoretical background is developed. In Chapter 3, researcher describes the research method adopted including sources of information and data collection procedure is discussed. In chapter 4, the empirical data collected through questionnaire is analyzed and results are concluded on the basis of a survey. In Chapter 5, Conclusions are drawn and necessary recommendations are suggested.
Statement Of The Problem
“Effects of website attributes on customer satisfaction in e-commerce.”
The main purpose of this research is to find out the different attributes which encourage consumers to visit, search and shop on a particular website.
Objective
The purposes of this study are as follows:
To identify the most important website element of e-commerce with respect to the customer satisfaction.
To examine what is important to the customer regarding website attributes in e-commerce with perspective of website builders.
Possible Research Findings
The research will also provide the following significances.
Help the organization to better understand what customers expect in e-commerce and how those expectations impact customer attitude.
Introduction To E-Commerce电子商务概论
The propagation of WWW has originated few facts in our daily lives, one of which is e-commerce. A transaction between two or more participants through an electronic medium is defines as e-commerce (Kalacota and Whinston 1997). As an e-commerce is rapidly raising field, therefore for accomplishing success in this market, a top quality information system is necessary (Margherio, Henry, Cooke and Montes 1998).
万维网的传播在我们的日常生活中产生了一些事实，电子商务就是其中之一。通过电子媒介进行的两个或多个参与者之间的交易被定义为电子商务(Kalacota和Whinston 1997)。作为一个电子商务正在迅速崛起的领域，因此为了在这个市场上取得成功，一个高质量的信息系统是必要的(Margherio, Henry, Cooke和Montes 1998)。
An e-commerce system is designed by selectively integrating many technical (e.g. search system) or managerial (e.g. the level of information related to product) design elements (Lohse and Spiller 1998).
It is still very difficult, if not impossible; to make use of all the design factors presently available for the e-commerce system although many design factors have been suggested to improve the overall quality of e-commerce system (Selz and Schubert 1997, Lohse et al. 1998). This is because of the recent arrival of new design factors resulted by an increase in the interest of Internet (Selz et al.)
The main goal of this paper is to explore important design elements that have significant influence on the customer satisfaction regarding the performance of e-commerce systems. In this paper, the study presents a conceptual model of e-commerce websites that includes concrete design elements, perceived level of website quality and the customer satisfaction (Kim and Lee 2002).
There is remarkable potential for e-commerce in developing countries. Online shopping makes it easy to find things, merchants and best offerings and thus economical in terms of time and effort offerings (Balasubramanian, 1997).
According to the Malone, Yates and Benjamin (1989), communicating a same piece of information through communication networks results in decreased cost and improved speed.
There is tremendous potential for e-commerce in developing countries because the use of an e-commerce can potentially reduce transaction costs. As per Malone et al. (1989) observation, the search costs such as cost of identifying a market (from where to buy a product) and /or a product or service are likely to reduce with the use of e-commerce systems and can be defined as potential e-commerce cost savings.
From an organization’s perspective, e-commerce systems provide the organization with the better market reach and an ability to provide their customer a customized service that suits their individual needs and preferences. For example the exchange between “richness” and “reach” can be minimized by e-commerce (Evans and Wurster 2000). Richness refers to the quality and quantity of information in terms of accuracy, relevance, customization, etc. and reach measures the number of people who can be got in touch with that information.
Service Quality Dimensions服务质量维度
The overall customer satisfaction can be measured by the level of service quality of an e-commerce system that customer perceives. Some researchers (Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry 1988) stated that consumer satisfaction or dissatisfaction is as an ancestor of service quality. Conversely, modern evidence recommends that it is an outcome of service quality (Woodside, Frey and Daly 1989; Cronin and Taylor 1992).
顾客的整体满意度可以通过顾客感知的电子商务系统的服务质量水平来衡量。一些研究者(Parasuraman, Zeithaml和Berry 1988)指出，消费者满意或不满意是服务质量的祖先。相反，现代证据表明，它是服务质量的结果(Woodside, Frey和Daly 1989;克罗宁和泰勒1992)。
Service quality attributes are the most important factors for the success of an e-commerce systems For example Liu and Arnett (2000) found that organizations that involve in e-commerce can only ensure the success of their system by keenly looking for the ways to improve their service quality.
The customer’s decision whether to continue using a particular e-commerce system is based on the perceived quality of service (Bhattacherjee, 2001) as the service quality impacts the overall satisfaction of a customer.
Tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy are the five dimensions of service quality. (Parasurama, Zeithaml and Berry 1985, 1991; Pit, Watson and kavan 1995). The tool that is being used in this study to measure the dimensions of service quality is SERVQUAL. This instrument has been proved valid and reliable and hence used in various domains. (Brown Churchill and Peter 1993; Fisk, Brown and Bitner 1993; Parasuraman et al. 1993).
On the basis of previous researches, service quality despite being a main interesting field in services marketing for the past two decades (Zeithaml, Parasuraman and Malhotra 2000); electronic service quality is still in its early stages in research area.
Riel, Liljander and Jurriens (2001) concluded that there has been no theoretical conceptualization emerged for customer evaluation of electronic services that could have been accepted generally. Cox and Dale (2001) has supported this conception by the fact that most out of the dominant research on service quality cannot even be valid to e-business environment.
By the year 2002, the existing studies on the determinants of electronic service quality were based on measuring B2C interactions (Gilbert, 2000; Barnes and Vidgen’s 2000, 2001 and 2002) and few exploratory researches on website quality and e-service quality by Zeithaml et al. (2000).
到2002年，现有的关于电子服务质量决定因素的研究都是基于B2C互动(Gilbert, 2000;Barnes和Vidgen的2000、2001和2002)和Zeithaml等人(2000)对网站质量和电子服务质量的探索性研究很少。
In early stages of service quality research, researchers were required to find out what is service quality from customer’s perspective (Sasser, Olsen and Wyckoff 1979; Lehtinen and Lehtinen 1982; Gronroos, 1982).
It was normally approved that the judgment of service quality came from comparisons between what customers feel a service provider should offer (expectations) and the actual service performance of the company (perceptions) (Zeithaml et al. 2000). This view was reinforced by Zeithaml et al.; Parasuraman et al. (1985) in their study of service quality in different service industries with which they discussed the concept of service quality as a function of expectations-perception gap.
Parasuraman et al. (1985) identified the 10 dimensions that customer uses in their assessment of service quality. These 10 service quality dimensions then shaped the source for the development of a scale (SERVQUAL) to measure service quality in direct service interactions. Research extended in other context and as a result refined the scale and reduced it to 5 dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles)
Parasuraman等人(1985)确定了客户在评估服务质量时使用的10个维度。这10个服务质量维度形成了一个量表(SERVQUAL)的来源，该量表用于测量直接服务交互中的服务质量。研究在其他背景下扩展，结果对量表进行了细化，并将其缩减为5个维度(可靠性、反应性、保证性、同理心和有形)
Since the SERVQUAL scale has been widely used to measure service quality in many studies across a range of settings (IS Departments; Airlines; Universities; Ocean Freight Shipping; Professional Services; Health Providers; International Markets; Purchasing; Advertising; Banking; E-commerce). (Burgess).
Initially the concept of services were created to capture the nature of service encounters (Meuter, Ostrom, Roundtree and Bitner 2000) which may not be sufficient to capture the characteristics of customer interactions with self-service technologies such as e-services (Dabholkar, Thorpe and Rentz 1996). Later on, many approaches have been proposed to study online service. (Gilbert, 2000; Gronroos, Heinonen, Isoniemi and Lindholm 2000; Parasuraman and Grewel 2000; Kaynama and Black 2000; Zeithaml et al. 2000) proposed the use of existing service theory as a first type.
The second type utilizes generated new categories for self-service technologies such as e-services (Szymanski and Hise 2000; Riel et al. 2001; Wang and Tang 2001; Ruyter, Wetzels and Kleijnen 2001). Third type develops information systems and web quality theory (Barnes et al. 2000, 2001 and 2002; Aladwani and Palvia 2001).
These researches have centered on customer interactions with a variety of self-service technologies such as automated call centre technology, ATM’s and Web sites and touch screen technologies. A redefined SERVQUAL instrument to measure the service expectations and perceptions of customers of Internet businesses was used by Gilbert (2000) in which he concluded that to measure online service quality, the altered SERVQUAL scale was a practical instrument.
这些研究集中于客户与各种自助服务技术的交互，如自动呼叫中心技术、ATM机和网站以及触摸屏技术。Gilbert(2000)使用了一种重新定义的SERVQUAL量表来测量互联网企业客户的服务期望和感知，他得出结论，要测量在线服务质量，改变的SERVQUAL量表是一种实用的工具。
The features that are useful, accurate, relevant and comprehensive information reflect the reliability of quality information (Bailey and Pearson 1983). Bailey et al. also identified that website reliability depends on to what level the information provided on the website about the product or service is true, precise and also depend to what level a customer can rely on a particular website that it provides enough amount of information available regarding each product.
(Luedi, 1997) stated that website personalization based on the ability of website to deliver individualized interface for a specific user which generated dynamically as per user’s needs. This may involve making purchase recommendations and /or providing the list of other relevant products that match’s the customer needs.
This can be extracted through the previous data available regarding an individual user such as buying behavior, cart items and the current session contents. Providing customized services is the best way to create a loyal customer and make repeat visits on a website (Luedi, 1997).
The concern over security continues to plague the online world. Variables like perceived security, reputation were included in this study to examine the customer attitude towards buying process (Lightner, 2003). Even though the understanding of credit card transactions perceived secure like a waiters and waitresses, still security is the top concern of people who shop online (Salisbury, Pearson, Pearson and Miller 2001; Luo, 2002; Wilson and Abel 2002). Likewise security is the reason why people do not shop online (Luo, 2002).
对安全的担忧继续困扰着网络世界。本研究纳入了感知安全性、声誉等变量，以检验顾客对购买过程的态度(Lightner, 2003)。尽管像服务员和女服务员一样理解信用卡交易是安全的，但安全性仍然是网上购物的人最关心的问题(索尔兹伯里，皮尔逊，皮尔逊和米勒2001;罗,2002;Wilson和Abel, 2002)。同样，安全也是人们不网上购物的原因(Luo, 2002)。
The research variable of Security reflects trust in the online system and the variable reputation reflects trust in the specific vendor. Discovering whether vendors receive repeat business reflects the overall buying attitude of consumers. Overall customer satisfaction at online shopping measures which attributes helps the website meets expectations.
Website Elements
The first phase of consumer decision making process that is the information search starts the minute customers look at the interface of e-commerce website and ends until they decide whether to place the purchase order or not (Schmid, 1995). The role of website structure remains important during the phase of information search process such as site maps, navigation, content settings and layout of website etc.
The content, structure and website elements should be portrayed explicitly on the e-commerce interface. Website structure that includes the presentation of design elements determines how the information is actually displayed on the screen to acquire the customer attention (Morris and Hinrich 1996). Convenient website structure defined as to what extent a customer feels that the e-commerce website is user friendly, simple and instinctive. (Chung and Shin 2008)
Website adequacy describes the quality and quantity of the information provided in the e-commerce system. Content based on usefulness and comprehensiveness involves the type and scope of information to be included in the system (Morris et al. 1996; Kim 1997).
After the collection of appropriate information regarding the identified products or services, the contents must be placed in a well organized manner so that the customer can understand the interface easily (Gronroos, 1982; Rosenfeld and Morville 1998). A well-defined and properly placed content is a feature of website which indicates the ability to made information easily available to visitors (Chung et al. 2008).
When adequate and reliable information has been properly dispersed across different web pages within the structure of the e-commerce website, an efficient interaction system must be provided to enable the customer to switch between different pages easily (Kim and Yoo 2000, Park and Kim 2000). (Ballantine, 2005) has found the impact of interactivity and product related information on customer satisfaction in an online trade setting. He argued in his study that the amount of product-related information affected consumer satisfaction of online shopping.
在电子商务网站的结构中，当足够和可靠的信息被适当地分散在不同的网页上时，必须提供一个有效的交互系统，使客户能够轻松地在不同的网页之间切换(Kim and Yoo 2000, Park and Kim 2000)。(Ballantine, 2005)发现了在线交易环境中交互性和产品相关信息对客户满意度的影响。他在他的研究中认为，产品相关信息的数量影响了消费者对网上购物的满意度。
An important design element that relates to the interaction system includes the involvement of website response and website customization ability. Website Customization is referred as the extent to which an e-commerce website can identify a customer and then modify the choice of products and shopping experience for that customer (Srinivasan, Anderson and Ponnavolu 2002).
(Coupey, 2001) in their research argued that the improved accessibility of information on internet is likely to result in informed customers. And educated customers are able to make better quality decisions and will then experience more satisfaction with the visits and purchases they make.
The connection between all of the five individual variables describes the basic architecture of web pages (Steinmetz and Nahrsted 1995). The overall satisfaction of e-commerce customers can be attained by providing the level of service quality that customers perceive in that system. Satisfied customers have more potential to spread positive word-of-mouth (Gremler and Brown 1999), and they avail further services (Zeithaml, Berry and Parasuraman 1996).
The five dimensions of service quality are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy (Parasuraman et al. 1985, 1991; Pit et al. 1995).
Attributes related to the website structure such as physical appearance of e-commerce websites are represented by tangibility dimension. For example, the tangibility measures the appeal of the website design of e-commerce system presents to their customers.
The ability of the website to provide the dependable, accurate service is represented by reliability dimension. (Pit et al.1995). For example, the reliability dimension measures how often an e-commerce system provides useful and comprehensive information regarding the relevant products or services.
The responsiveness dimension indicates how prepared the website is to promptly response the customer with the clicked option. (Parasuraman et al. 1991). For example, the responsiveness dimension measures how often an ecommerce system voluntarily provides services that are important to its customers such as less loading time. Or it can be measured by how often a website provides accurate and rich information after a user clicked a particular product.
The trust and confidence encouraged in the customer by the information provided on e-commerce system refers to the assurance dimension (Parasuraman et al. 1991). For example, the assurance dimension can be measured by extent to which a website is able to give a secure feeling to an online buyer.
The empathy dimension described as the individual attention to the customer that is being provided by the dynamic e-commerce website (Pit et al. 1995). For example this dimension measures how often an ecommerce system voluntarily offers recommendations that match to its customers’ needs in order to provide the individual customer’s benefit.
In summary, the overall quality of an e-commerce system can be measured by the service quality level perceived by its customers and ultimately leads to the customer satisfaction (Kim et al. 2002).
(Parasuraman et al. 1988, 1991) in study on SERVQUAL found that the interactive elements of e-commerce systems are e-business features that help in building relationships with customer and are fall into five main sets that are tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness and empathy.
Due to the consistency of research findings stated in literature, it become easy to propose that the five main determinants of e-commerce include website structure, website adequacy, website security, website response and website customization (Horn, Feinberg and Salvendy 2005).
In an e-business structure, the customer interaction with the business is through the e-commerce website. Therefore, several original SERVQUAL items were modified to focus on e-commerce website. The definition of an empathy dimension was extended to include personalization or customization, which is the concept of web gurus as they believe the emotional connection between customer and web business (Peppers et al. 1999).
在电子商务结构中，客户与企业的互动是通过电子商务网站进行的。因此，对SERVQUAL原有的几个项目进行了修改，将重点放在电子商务网站上。移情维度的定义被扩展到包括个性化或定制，这是网络大师的概念，因为他们相信客户和网络业务之间的情感联系(辣椒等人，1999年)。
The overall appearance and structure of e-commerce website shows its tangibility. The performance of promised services and adequacy of information explains the reliability of an e-commerce website. Responsiveness is the ability of e-commerce system to help and provide prompt response to the website user. The individualized attention and customized service provided by the e-commerce system to an individual customer is described as empathy. Security is the trust on an e-commerce system in protecting personal and financial information (Horn et al. 2005). The major factors that impact the customer attitude are the five main attributes of e-commerce system. The model in Figure 1 describes how these attributes of e-commerce system work together to achieve customer satisfaction.
The satisfaction or dissatisfaction of customer is defined as an emotional response to a specific consumption experience (Swan and Oliver 1989).
It is determined by to what extent a consumer perceives that the service fulfills his/her needs, wants or desires. Satisfaction is a “state” inconsistent in that a consumer can be “very dissatisfied” or “very satisfied” (Tse, Nicosia and Wilton 1990).
它取决于消费者认为服务满足了他/她的需求、欲望或欲望的程度。满意度是一种不一致的“状态”，消费者可以是“非常不满意”或“非常满意”(Tse, Nicosia和Wilton, 1990)。
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