工商管理Essay如何写：E-Supply Chain Management

本文是工商管理专业的留学生Essay范例，题目是“E-Supply Chain Management（E-Supply链管理）”，供应链管理已经成为当今一个非常重要的概念。这一概念不再局限于采购产品的业务或活动，它已改进为具有战略观点，其中涉及客户服务管理和行业关系。信息技术在重新设计整个业务流程中起着至关重要的作用，可以帮助提高生产效率和运营效率。因此，在供应链过程中使用信息技术在企业界变得非常重要。信息技术在供应链中的实施有利于开发和获取关于客户、供应商和市场需求的知识。

Supply chain management has become a really important concept nowadays. This concept is no longer delimitated by the operations or the activities of purchasing products, it has improved to having a strategic view in which involves the customer service management and the industrial relationship. The information technology has a vital part in redesigning the whole business process and can help to increase the productivity and operations. So, the use of Information technology in the supply chain process is getting really important in the corporate world. The implementation of information of technology in the Supply Chain facilitates the development and getting the knowledge about their customers, suppliers and the market demand.

There are some initiatives in the structure of Information of technology that can help reduce the time cycle and more procedures related to this. The distribution of information in the supply chain associates are possible by the Information of technology initiatives like:

-Using bar-coding in logistics

– Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) among branches

-Having Material Requirements Planning

-Having Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP)

Having an integrated system as Enterprise Resources Planning, most commonly known as ERP can allow you to have the lead of an overview of the whole logistic channel. This is basically the existence of a database all over the supply chain. Enterprise Resource Planning systems have the ability to combine all the different functions like production, logistic, sales, HR, accounting, etc.

拥有企业资源计划(企业资源规划，最常见的名称是ERP)这样的集成系统，可以让你对整个物流渠道有一个全面的了解。这基本上就是整个供应链中存在的数据库。企业资源规划系统具有将生产、物流、销售、人力资源、会计等所有不同功能结合起来的能力。

Today technology is so advanced that Information of technology helps creating a strong supply chain in so many different ways. For example, one-way can be with the advanced equipment in the supply chain they can have the chance to build up the speed, quality and quantity of the information that can be transferred. If you stimulate the speed of information gathering and exchange, the information of technology can assure the opportunity to find important information for everyone who is involved. Another way in which the use of advanced information of technology in their supply chain can get an improved coordination and lower the transaction cost among the people who are involve. One example of this can be the way in which Dell´s supply chain is recognized for their capacity to make a great coordinating between different parties in an efficient way for the just-in-time assembly of their very own customized computers.

One more way of having an advanced supply chain is the improvement of interfirm integration among channel partners. Having technology can allow an integration on the supply chain in a upstream and also downstream integration in different areas like inventory, demand forecasting and the scheduling of the orders. This can be seen as an integrated flow of information among customers and provisioner to help balanced the supply and demand across the whole supply chain network. Another way in which this helps is that having a working supply chain allows you to have a great capacity to respond the changes in the market and also the customer request in short time. (Barros et al., 2015)

拥有先进供应链的另一种方式是改进渠道合作伙伴之间的企业整合。拥有技术可以在供应链的上游和下游整合不同的领域，如库存、需求预测和订单调度。这可以被看作是客户和供应者之间的信息流，以帮助平衡整个供应链网络的供求关系。另一种帮助的方式是，拥有一个工作的供应链可以让你有很大的能力在短时间内响应市场的变化和客户的要求。(Barros等人，2015)

Hasan Kürşat GÜLEŞ said in his article back in 2012 that Information of Technoogy is an implementation which importance is increasingly becoming important in the collection, procession, preservation and transmission of data. Thus, IT is also an effective means for businesses as it offers businesses new ways to perform better than their rivals and gain competitive edge. (Hasan Kürşat GÜ et al., 2012). They also said that one of the most important things of information of technology applications in the supply chain is the process of making the plans and finding the right tools of optimization that can help to enable the visibility.

Technology nowadays can simplify and optimize any business process, this means that you can have a better control on your inventory, cost reduction and mostly a better look into your competition. One of the ways in which technology helps in the supply chain is by having a real time inventory data available anytime and anywhere. This can be possible by having Radio Frequency Identification, most commonly known as RFID. This chips (RFID) and the barcodes are placed in every single product in order to track inventory in the easiest possible way.  According to article of Mihaela from 2014, using bar-coding can allow to identify and track products by simplifying the process in the logistic channel. These technologies do not offer the possibility of identifying time and place of good production or the expiration date. These problems can be solved by using RFID tags, you can obtain information of the goods stored or transportation without having physical contact with the products.  (Mihaela Ș, 2014). This can help the effectiveness of the process and can easily detect if there’s a problem with any of the orders.

如今的技术可以简化和优化任何业务流程，这意味着你可以更好地控制你的库存，降低成本，主要是更好地了解你的竞争对手。技术帮助供应链的方式之一是随时随地提供实时库存数据。这可以通过无线电频率识别，最常见的是RFID。这种芯片(RFID)和条形码被放置在每一件产品中，以便以最简单的方式跟踪库存。根据Mihaela 2014年的文章，使用条形码可以通过简化物流渠道的流程来识别和跟踪产品。这些技术不提供确定产品生产时间和地点或有效期的可能性。这些问题都可以通过使用RFID标签来解决，你可以在不与产品进行物理接触的情况下获得货物储存或运输的信息。(里面Ș,2014)。这可以帮助提高流程的有效性，并且可以很容易地检测到任何订单是否存在问题。

Information of technology in Supply Chain helps the performance in different ways. For example, having an integrated system can help achieve benefits through responding better to customer problems and requests. Another way information of technology helps the supply chain is by helping increase the sales volumes by reaching the customers directly with information of technology. Last one is that information of technology can help companies reduce their transactions costs.(Hasan Kürşat GÜ et al., 2012)

信息技术在供应链中的应用对供应链绩效有多方面的帮助。例如，拥有一个集成系统可以通过更好地响应客户的问题和请求来帮助实现收益。技术信息帮助供应链的另一种方式是通过技术信息直接与客户接触来帮助增加销售量。最后一点是，信息技术可以帮助公司降低交易成本。(Hasan Kürşat GÜ等，2012)

Technology can also improve the communication with the customers, this communication is faster and more efficiently. The technology can give you actual and real-time access to track orders, location of specific parts worldwide or even to locate the nearest part for a customer. You can have instant feedback from your customers.

技术还可以改善与客户的沟通，这种沟通更快捷、更有效。该技术可以让您实际和实时访问跟踪订单，全球特定零件的位置，甚至为客户定位最近的零件。你可以从客户那里得到即时反馈。

The application of technologies has changed the way all of the chain’s partners interact and how they integrate with one another. One example can be the Electronic Data Interchange most commonly known as EDI. The Electronic Data Interchange facilitate real time data interchanged among the parties that are related to the supply chain. This means that there is a conduct that carries the information related to price, quality, order, logistics and inventory levels. With systems based on information of technology, the business can constantly oversee the actual levels of stock and see when they need more stock. This way the stock needs can be transferred immediately to the supplier with a EVD.

技术的应用已经改变了链上所有合作伙伴的互动方式以及他们彼此之间的集成方式。电子数据交换就是最常见的EDI。电子数据交换促进了供应链相关各方之间的实时数据交换。这意味着存在一种传递价格、质量、订单、物流和库存水平相关信息的行为。有了基于信息技术的系统，企业可以不断地监督实际的库存水平，并知道何时需要更多的库存。这样，库存需求可以立即转移到具有EVD的供应商。

The implementation of information of technology in the supply chain is one of the most important activities of a business. Thanks to the leading edge on data collection, procession and the distribution, it’s easier to unite all the components in the supply chain and improve the cost, time, quality and service by using the Information of technology. To be successful and have a good relation between chain partners it is necessary to have an appropriate channel of technology, this a help the supply chain and make it easier on minimum aspects that can make a great difference.

信息技术在供应链中的实施是企业最重要的活动之一。由于在数据收集、处理和分发方面的领先优势，利用信息技术可以更容易地将供应链中的所有组件统一起来，提高成本、时间、质量和服务。要想成功并与供应链伙伴建立良好的关系，就必须有一个合适的技术渠道，这有助于供应链，使其更容易，在最小的方面可以产生很大的差异。

It is well known that technologies will continue to grow and have disruptive breaks of new technologies but the crucial thing here is that supply chains managers keep looking ways to use technologies in the most efficient way. Sometimes this means using the same technologies but in other ways or even getting out of the current techniques and creating new ones. This means that they will require especial attention to the people they involve in the process and how they apply these technologies.

众所周知，技术将继续增长，并有颠覆性的突破新技术，但这里的关键是，供应链管理人员继续寻找方法，以最有效的方式使用技术。有时这意味着使用相同的技术，但以其他方式，甚至摆脱当前的技术，并创建新的技术。这意味着它们需要特别关注过程中涉及的人员以及他们如何应用这些技术。

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