留学生essay代写：The bakhresa group of companies tanzania
留学生essay代写-坦桑尼亚bakhresa公司集团。本文是一篇由本站代写服务提供的essay代写参考，主要内容是讲述商业活动在创造财富和就业方面发挥了巨大作用，这是社会经济发展的关键。政府决策者的领导人也关心社会成员在自己的企业中就业。私营部门为坦桑尼亚经济的增长和发展做出了巨大贡献。政府认识到在为私营部门增长创造有利环境方面发挥的重要作用，一直在实施广泛的体制和政策改革。下面就一起来看一下这篇留学生essay代写范例。
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Business activities have been acknowledged for playing a great role in wealth and job creation, which are the key to economic development of the society. Also leaders in Government policy makers are concerned to see members of the society get employed in their own businesses.
商业活动在创造财富和就业方面发挥了巨大作用，这是社会经济发展的关键。政府决策者的领导人也关心社会成员在自己的企业中就业。
The private sector has contributed a lot in the growth and Development of Tanzania economy. In recognition of this important role towards creating an enabling environment for private sector growth, the Government has been implementing wide ranging institutional and policy reforms.
私营部门为坦桑尼亚经济的增长和发展做出了巨大贡献。政府认识到在为私营部门增长创造有利环境方面发挥的重要作用，一直在实施广泛的体制和政策改革。
The aim of this essay is to discuss Bakhresa Group which owned by Tanzanian successful Entrepreneur.
本篇essay旨在探讨坦桑尼亚成功企业家所拥有的Bakhresa集团。
Corporate Profile 公司简介
Bakhresa Group is one of the leading Industrial Houses in Tanzania, East Africa. Started in a humble manner with a small restaurant in the Port City of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, in mid seventies, it has now emerged as a respected business group in the Region. The Group has its operations spread in Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia and most recently in Mozambique. Plans are in place to spread its wings to other countries. The group now boasts of a turnover of more than Three Hundred Million United Sates Dollars and is a proud employer of more than two thousand employees associated directly. There are several companies under its umbrella and have investments mainly in Food and Beverage Sector, Packaging, Logistics and Real Estate .
Bakhresa集团是东非坦桑尼亚领先的工业公司之一。70年代中期，它在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆港口城的一家小餐馆以谦逊的方式起步，现在已成为该地区受人尊敬的企业集团。该集团的业务分布在坦桑尼亚、桑给巴尔、乌干达、肯尼亚、马拉维、赞比亚，最近还分布在莫桑比克。已经制定了将其翅膀扩展到其他国家的计划。该集团现在拥有超过三亿美元的营业额，是一家拥有2000多名直接相关员工的自豪雇主。旗下有几家公司，主要投资于食品和饮料行业、包装、物流和房地产。
Mission, Vision & Value使命、愿景和价值
Mission使命
To increase and sustain the living standards of Africans by providing them with essential products and services of global quality at affordable prices.
以负担得起的价格向非洲人提供全球质量的基本产品和服务，以提高和维持非洲人的生活水平。
To exceed customers’ expectations through innovation and harnessing technology.
通过创新和利用技术超越客户的期望。
Vision 视力
To be one of the internationally respected and professionally managed companies in the African Continent.
成为非洲大陆受国际尊重和专业管理的公司之一。
To spread our wings to the other parts of the globe.
把我们的翅膀展开到世界的其他地方。
Values 价值观
Passion for success
对成功的热情
We are determined to be the best at what we do.
我们决心做到最好。
We are not content with the status quo.
我们不满足于现状。
We have a compelling desire to innovate.
我们有强烈的创新欲望。
Commitment 承诺
We are conscious of our responsibilities towards all our stakeholders and discharge them in letter and spirit.
我们意识到我们对所有利益相关者的责任，并在文字和精神上履行这些责任。
Employees 员工
We treat our employees as our assets, not an expense item in Profit & Loss account.
我们将员工视为我们的资产，而不是损益表中的支出项目。
We recognize that keeping the employee morale high is the key for achieving our success.
我们认识到，保持员工士气高涨是我们取得成功的关键。
Team spirit and synergy are the hallmarks of our work culture.
团队精神和协同作用是我们工作文化的标志。
Our employees have a sense of ownership in what they do
我们的员工对自己的工作有主人翁意识
Mutual Trust 相互信任
We have respect for and confidence in each of our stake-holders, namely, shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, bankers, financiers and others.
我们尊重并信任我们的每一位股东，即股东、员工、客户、供应商、银行家、金融家和其他人。
We believe that mutual trust is the foundation upon which everything else rests on.
我们认为，相互信任是其他一切的基础。
Social Responsibility 社会责任
We recognise that corporate responsibility towards society is an integral part of doing business.
我们认识到，企业对社会的责任是做生意不可分割的一部分。
Thus we actively participate in community development programmes.
因此，我们积极参与社区发展方案。
Question 1 问题1
In the Bakhresa Group, the organization is treated as an instrument for achieving established goals, in which the members of the organization are made to serve these goals and rewards are given to motivate them. The organization structure contributes to the dominance of the technology-push model of innovation.
在Bakhresa集团，该组织被视为实现既定目标的工具，组织成员被要求为这些目标服务，并给予奖励以激励他们。组织结构有助于技术推动创新模式的主导地位。
Bakhresa group use classical approach in its management. This type of management is Built around traditional management concepts with, bureaucratic theory(Weber, 1964) and scientific management (Taylor, 1974) that is;
Bakhresa集团在其管理中采用了经典的方法。这种类型的管理是围绕着传统的管理理念构建的，即官僚主义理论（Weber，1964）和科学管理（Taylor，1974）；
The people can be combined with machines to produce an orderly output.
人们可以和机器结合起来生产有序的产品。
The organisation is an instrument for achieving established goal – members of the organisation serve these goals
组织是实现既定目标的工具——组织成员为这些目标服务
Rewards are given to motivate them.
奖励是为了激励他们。
Assumes all tasks can be rationalised – resulting in predictable flow of work
假设所有任务都可以合理化，从而产生可预测的工作流程
Innovation see a series of rational decisions – can be related to departmental stages of innovation. (Trott, 2005)
创新看一系列理性决策——可以与部门创新阶段相关。（Trott，2005）
This theory contributes to the technological-push model of innovation.
这一理论有助于建立创新的技术推动模型。
The channel of communication is highly structured, there is restricted information flow, and operating styles are uniform and restricted. Authority for decision is based on formal line management position and the management is reluctant to adapt changing circumstances.
沟通渠道是高度结构化的，信息流是受限的，操作风格是统一和受限的。决策权基于正式的直线管理职位，管理层不愿适应不断变化的环境。
The Bakhresa company use Mechanistic organization structure. Organizational structure can inhibit or foster creativity and innovation. The problem with organizational structure though, is that it is resultant of many factors, including history, organic growth, strategy, operational design, product diversity, logistics, marketing, client base, supplier base and so forth. Therefore, what managers need, are not recipes for complete structural change, but insights into the properties of fostering structures that can be adapted into the existing structure.
Bakhresa公司采用机械化组织结构。组织结构可以抑制或促进创造力和创新。然而，组织结构的问题是由许多因素造成的，包括历史、有机增长、战略、运营设计、产品多样性、物流、营销、客户群、供应商群等。因此，管理者需要的不是彻底改变结构的配方，而是深入了解可以适应现有结构的培养结构的特性。
The theorists argued that organizations need different kinds of structure to control their activities that will allow the company to adapt and react to changes and uncertainties in the environment.
理论家们认为，组织需要不同类型的结构来控制其活动，从而使公司能够适应和应对环境中的变化和不确定性。
Companies facing a dynamic and uncertain environment may have to develop or maintain an organic organizational structure, whereas companies operating in a stable environment may benefit from developing or maintaining a mechanistic organizational structure.
面对动态和不确定环境的公司可能必须发展或维持一个有机的组织结构，而在稳定环境中运营的公司可能受益于发展或维持机械化的组织结构。
The reason for this is that organic structures can process and distribute information and knowledge faster within the organization, which thus results in an increased ability to respond or react to changes in the environment.
这是因为有机结构可以在组织内更快地处理和分发信息和知识，从而提高对环境变化的反应能力。
However, mechanistic structures may act as an effective and efficient organizational structure for companies operating in a more stable and certain environment. Companies operating in a stable environment may not need to make decisions quickly. Likewise, many of the day-to-day decisions and operating procedures may be formalized and centralized, because there is no inherent need for constant change or innovation
然而，对于在更稳定、更确定的环境中运营的公司来说，机械结构可能是一种有效的组织结构。在稳定环境中运营的公司可能不需要快速做出决策。同样，许多日常决策和操作程序可能是正式的和集中的，因为不需要不断的变化或创新
Mechanistic organization tends to offer a less suitable environment for managing the creativity and the innovation process. (T. Burns and G.M. Stalker, 1961).
机械化组织往往为管理创造力和创新过程提供一个不太合适的环境。（T.Burns和G.M.Stalker，1961年）。
To start, it is useful to analyse the preferred structures against the not so preferred. There are many definitions of types of organizational structure, but one example is:
首先，对照不那么优选的结构来分析优选的结构是有用的。组织结构的类型有很多定义，但有一个例子：
a) Mechanistic structures (generally not preferred) – includes centralised control and authority, clearly defined tasks, vertical communication links, obedience to supervisors, rigidity and inflexibility.
机械化结构（通常不可取）——包括集中控制和权力、明确定义的任务、垂直沟通联系、服从主管、僵化和不灵活。
b) Organic structures (generally preferred) – decentralisation of authority, tasks loosely defined, horizontal communications, greater individual authority, flexible, adaptable.
有机结构（通常首选）——权力下放、任务定义松散、横向沟通、更大的个人权力、灵活性和适应性。
Experience shows that the above can be misleading. For example, flat organisations are generally preferred and hierarchical ones not preferred, however, even flat organisations are in reality hierarchical.
经验表明，上述内容可能会产生误导。例如，扁平组织通常是首选的，而分层组织则不是首选的，然而，即使是扁平组织实际上也是分层的。
Importantly, if we have a mechanistic structure, what factors allow us to move in the right direction without wholesale change?
重要的是，如果我们有一个机械结构，什么因素允许我们在不发生大规模变化的情况下朝着正确的方向前进？
Some answers include 一些答案包括
Direct communication links to decision makers.
与决策者的直接沟通联系。
Communication and information flow between departments.
部门之间的沟通和信息流。
Tangible progression of ideas from problem to solution, product development to commercialisation.
想法从问题到解决方案，从产品开发到商业化的切实进展。
Creative teams working outside but linked into the organization, whose culture, processes etc diffuse into the existing structure.
创造性团队在外部工作，但与组织相连，其文化、流程等融入现有结构。
Innovation approch used by Bakhresa companies is technological push. Adopting a technology push approach to product innovations can allow a company to target and control premium market segments, establish its technology as the industry standard, build a favourable market reputation, determine the industry’s future evolution, and achieve high profits. It can become the centrepiece in a company strategy for market leadership. It however costly and risky. Such an approach requires a company to develop and comercialize an emerging tecnology in pursuit of growth and profits. To be successfull, a company needs to ensureits technology is a heart of its competetive strategy.
Bakhresa公司采用的创新方法是技术推动。采用技术推动的方法进行产品创新可以使公司瞄准并控制高端细分市场，将其技术确立为行业标准，建立有利的市场声誉，决定行业的未来发展，并实现高利润。它可以成为公司市场领导力战略的核心。然而，它的成本和风险都很高。这种方法要求公司开发和商业化一种新兴技术，以追求增长和利润。为了取得成功，一家公司需要确保技术是其竞争战略的核心。
Question 2 问题2
On the one hand Bakhresa Group requires stability and static routines to accomplish the daily tasks efficiently and quickly and on the other hand, Bakhresa Group also needs to develop new ideas and new products to be competitive in future and it needs to nurture a creative environment where ideas can be tested and developed.
一方面，Bakhresa集团需要稳定和静态的日常工作来高效、快速地完成日常任务，另一方面，巴赫雷萨集团还需要开发新的想法和新产品，以在未来具有竞争力，并需要培养一个可以测试和开发想法的创造性环境。
According to the above statement its shows Bakhresa Group have a dilemma in developing new idea and new products (innovation) and stability and routine to accomplish the daily task efficiently.
根据上述声明，这表明Bakhresa集团在开发新理念和新产品（创新）以及高效完成日常任务的稳定性和常规性方面存在困境。
The Dilemma of Innovation Management
创新管理的困境
Within organizations there is a fundamental tension between the need for stability and the need for creativity. On the one hand, companies require stability and static routines to accomplish daily tasks efficiently and quickly. This enables the organization to compete today. For example processing of millions of cheques by banks everyday.
在组织内部，稳定的需要和创造力的需要之间存在着根本的紧张关系。一方面，公司需要稳定和静态的日常工作来高效、快速地完成日常任务。这使组织能够在今天进行竞争。例如，银行每天处理数百万张支票。
On the other hand, companies also need to develop new ideas and new products to be competitive in the future. Hence they need to nurture a creative environment where ideas can be tested and developed. This poses one of the most fundamental problems for management today. (Trott, 2008)
另一方面，公司也需要开发新思想和新产品，以在未来具有竞争力。因此，他们需要培养一个创造性的环境，在那里可以测试和发展思想。这给今天的管理带来了最根本的问题之一。（Trott，2008）
Managing the tension between the need for creativity and efficiency.
管理创造力需求和效率之间的紧张关系。
Efficiency Gain 效率增益
The efficient day to day operations within an organization require stable routines which can be achieved in stable and controlled environments
组织内高效的日常运营需要稳定的日常工作，这些日常工作可以在稳定和受控的环境中实现
The development of new products/services requires creativity and room to try out new ideas this is achieved in a loose and flexible environment
新产品/服务的开发需要创造力和尝试新想法的空间——这是在宽松灵活的环境中实现的
Creativity gains 创造力获得
Organization 组织
Take any medium to large company and examine its operations and activities. Every company has to ensure that their products are carefully manufactured to precise specifications and that they are delivered for customers on time day after day. In this hectic, repetitive and highly organized environment, the need to squeeze out any slack or inefficiencies is crucial to ensure a firm’s costs are lower than their competitors’. However the long-term economic growth is dependent on the ability of firms to make improvements to products and manufacturing processes. The firms need to make room for creativity and innovation, that is, allow black in the system. These then is the dilemma: how do firms try to reduce costs and slack to improve competitiveness on the one hand and then try to provide slack for innovation on the other? The firm has to do balancing: The firm needs to ensure there is a constant pressure to drive down costs and improve efficiency in its operations. At the same time it needs to provide room for new product development and improvements to be made the most obvious way forward is to separate production from R & D. However there are many improvements and innovations that arise out of the operations of the firm.
以任何一家中大型公司为例，检查其运营和活动。每家公司都必须确保其产品按照精确的规格精心制造，并日复一日按时交付给客户。在这个繁忙、重复和高度组织化的环境中，为了确保公司的成本低于竞争对手，消除任何松懈或低效的需求至关重要。然而，长期经济增长取决于企业改进产品和制造工艺的能力。这些公司需要为创造力和创新腾出空间，也就是说，允许黑人进入系统。这就是困境：企业如何一方面努力降低成本和放松以提高竞争力，另一方面又努力为创新提供放松？公司必须做到平衡：公司需要确保有持续的压力来降低成本和提高运营效率。同时，它需要为新产品的开发和改进提供空间，最明显的前进方向是将生产与研发分开。然而，公司的运营也带来了许多改进和创新。
Question 3 问题3
The management of the Bakhresa Group is committed to long-term growth rather than short-term profit and the organization is willing to invest in the long-term development of technology and is aware of its threats and opportunities.
Bakhresa集团的管理层致力于长期增长而非短期利润，该组织愿意投资于技术的长期发展，并意识到其威胁和机遇。
Organizational Characteristics that Facilitate the Innovation Process
促进创新过程的组织特征
Growth Orientation 成长方向
Is characterized by a commitment to long-term growth rather than short-term profit. Not all companies’ first and foremost objective is growth. Some companies are established merely to exploit a short-term opportunity, other companies would like to maintain the company at its existing size: the objective of innovative companies is to grow the business the actively plan for the long-term.
其特点是致力于长期增长而非短期利润。并非所有公司的首要目标都是增长。一些公司的成立只是为了利用短期机会，其他公司则希望将公司保持在现有规模：创新公司的目标是积极规划长期业务。
Vigilance 警惕
It is characterized by the ability of the organization to be aware of its threats and opportunities. Vigilance requires continual external scanning e.g. within the marketing function the activity would form part of market research and competitor analysis collecting valuable information is one thing, but relaying it to the necessary individuals and acting on it are two necessary associated requirements.
其特点是组织能够意识到其威胁和机遇。保持警惕需要持续的外部扫描，例如在营销职能部门，活动将成为市场研究和竞争对手分析的一部分，收集有价值的信息是一回事，但将其传达给必要的个人并采取行动是两个必要的相关要求。
Commitment to Technology 对技术的承诺
It is characterized by the willingness to invest in the longterm development of technology. Most innovative firms exhibit patience in permitting ideas to geminate and develop overtime. This needs to be accompanied by a commitment to resources in terms of intellectual input without a longterm approach it would be extremely difficult for the company to attract good scientists.
其特点是愿意投资于技术的长期发展。大多数创新型公司都表现出耐心，允许想法随着时间的推移而发展。这需要同时承诺在智力投入方面投入资源，如果没有长期的方法，公司将极难吸引优秀的科学家。
Acceptance of Risks 风险接受
It is characterized by the willingness to include risky opportunities in a balanced portfolio. It means the willingness to consider carefully risky opportunities. Ability to take calculated risks and include them in a balanced portfolio of project
它的特点是愿意将风险机会纳入平衡的投资组合。这意味着愿意仔细考虑有风险的机会。能够承担经过计算的风险，并将其纳入平衡的项目组合
Cross-functional Cooperation 跨职能合作
It is characterized by mutual respect among individuals and a willingness to work together across functions. Inter-departmental conflict is a well documented barrier to innovation. Often conflict has been observed between marketing and R & D functions as the two groups often have very different interests.
它的特点是个人之间相互尊重，并愿意跨职能合作。部门间冲突是阻碍创新的一个有据可查的障碍。市场营销和研发职能之间经常存在冲突，因为这两个群体的利益往往非常不同。
Receptivity 受体
It is characterized by the ability to be aware of, to identify and take effective advantage of externally developed technology. Most technology based innovations involve a combination of several different technologies. It would be unusual for all the technology to be developed inhouse. That is why business are witnessing an inchasing number of joint ventures and alliances.
它的特点是能够意识到、识别和有效利用外部开发的技术。大多数基于技术的创新都涉及几种不同技术的组合。所有的技术都在内部开发是不寻常的。这就是为什么企业正在见证越来越多的合资企业和联盟。
Slack 松弛
It is characterized by an ability to manage the innovation dilemma and provide space for creativity while organizations place a great emphasis on the need for efficiency, there is also a need for a certain amount of ‘slack’ to allow individuals room to think, experiment, discuss ideas and be creative.
它的特点是能够管理创新困境并为创造力提供空间，而组织非常强调效率的需求，也需要一定的“松弛”，让个人有思考、实验、讨论想法和创造力的空间。
Adaptability 适应性
It is characterized by a readiness to accept the changes. The development of new product innovations willpower invariably lead to disruptions to established organizational activities. Major or radical innovations may result in significant changes, although the two are not necessarily associated. The organization must be set to accept change in the way it manages its internal activities. Otherwise proposed innovations would be stifled due to a reluctance to amend existing ways of working or to learn new techniques.
它的特点是随时准备接受变化。新产品创新意志力的发展必然会破坏既定的组织活动。重大或激进的创新可能会导致重大变化，尽管两者不一定相关。组织必须设置为接受其管理内部活动方式的变化。否则，由于不愿修改现有的工作方式或学习新技术，拟议的创新将被扼杀。
Diverse Range of Skills 多样化的技能范围
It is characterized by a combination of specialization and diversity of knowledge as well as skills. Organizations require individuals of a hybrid nature who are able to understand a variety of technical subjects and make possible the transfer of knowledge within the company. It is the ability of the organization to manage this diversity of knowledge skills efficiently that lies at the heart of the innovation process. (Trott, 2008)
它的特点是专业化与知识和技能的多样性相结合。组织需要具有混合性质的个人，他们能够理解各种技术主题，并使公司内部的知识转移成为可能。组织有效管理知识技能多样性的能力是创新过程的核心。（Trott，2008）
Question 4 问题4
The Bakhresa Group engages commercial scanner, gatekeeper and project leader and sponsor to facilitate the innovation process.
Bakhresa集团聘请商业扫描仪、看门人、项目负责人和赞助商来促进创新过程。
All of the above is the role of individual in the Innovation group. With above statement its shows that Bakhresa group are implementing them in their different field.
以上都是个人在创新群体中的角色。上述声明表明，Bakhresa集团正在各自的不同领域实施这些措施。
The Role of the individual in the innovation Process
个人在创新过程中的作用
Innovation process is essentially a people process and that organizational structure, formal decision making processes, delegation of authority and other formal aspects of a so-called well run company are not necessary situation for successful technological innovation. The study of Rubenstein has revealed that certain individuals have fulfilled a variety of roles that had contributed to successful technological innovation.
创新过程本质上是一个人的过程，所谓运营良好的公司的组织结构、正式决策过程、授权和其他正式方面并不是技术创新成功的必要条件。对鲁宾斯坦的研究表明，某些人发挥了各种作用，为成功的技术创新做出了贡献。
Technical Innovator 技术创新者
This individual is an expert in one or else two fields. Generates new ideas and sees new as well as different ways of doing things, also referred to as the ‘mad scientific.’
这个人是一两个领域的专家。产生新的想法，看到新的和不同的做事方式，也被称为“疯狂的科学”
Technical/Commercial Scanner
技术/商用扫描仪
This individual acquires enormous amounts of information from outside the organization, often through net working. This may well include market and technical information.
这个人经常通过网络工作从组织外部获取大量信息。这很可能包括市场和技术信息。
Gatekeeper 看门人
This individual keeps informed of related developments that occur outside the organization through journals, conferences, colleagues and other companies details. Passes information to others, finds it easy to talk to colleagues. Serves as an in formatted resource in favor of others in the organization.
这个人通过期刊、会议、同事和其他公司的详细信息随时了解组织外发生的相关进展。将信息传递给他人，发现与同事交谈很容易。充当有利于组织中其他人的格式化资源。
Product champion 产品冠军
This individual sells new ideas to others in the organization. Acquires resources. Aggressive in championing his/her cause and takes risks.
这个人向组织中的其他人推销新想法。获取资源。积极支持自己的事业并承担风险。
Project Leader 项目负责人
This individual provides the team with leadership as well as motivation. Plans and organizes the project ensures that administrative requirements are meet. Provides necessary coronation among team members sees that project moves forward efficiently and balances Project goals with organizational needs.
这个人为团队提供了领导力和动力。计划和组织项目以确保满足管理要求。在团队成员中提供必要的加冕礼，确保项目有效推进，并平衡项目目标和组织需求。
Sponsor 赞助商
This individual provides access to a power base inside the organization. Senior person. Buffers the Project team from unnecessary organizational constraints and helps the project team too get what it needs from other parts of the organization. It provides legitimacy and organizational confidence in the project. (Trott, 2008)
这个人提供了进入组织内部权力基础的途径。资深人士。缓冲项目团队不必要的组织约束，并帮助项目团队从组织的其他部分获得所需。它为项目提供了合法性和组织信心。（Trott，2008）
Question 5 问题5
The Bakhresa Group, given the importance of innovation, has spent enormous sums of money trying to develop an environment that fosters innovation. The Bakhresa Group is aware of developing a reputation for innovation which helps propagate a virtuous circle that reinforces Group’s abilities.
鉴于创新的重要性，Bakhresa集团花费了巨额资金，试图开发一个促进创新的环境。Bakhresa集团意识到要树立创新的声誉，这有助于传播加强集团能力的良性循环。
Its shows that Bakhresa Group support the innovation which lead them to have a different group of companies within and outside and it’s also want to keep its good reputation for innovation which help make the group stable.
这表明，Bakhresa集团支持创新，这使他们在内部和外部拥有一个不同的公司集团，它还希望保持其创新的良好声誉，这有助于使集团稳定。
The structure of an organization is the sum total of ways in which it divides its labour into distinct tasks and after that achieves coordination among them. One of the problem is recognizing to different groups within an organization behave differently and interact with different parts of the wider external environment. Non the less, there have been numerous helpful studies exploring the link between the organizational structure and innovative performance.
一个组织的结构是将其劳动划分为不同任务，然后在这些任务之间实现协调的方式的总和。其中一个问题是认识到组织内的不同群体行为不同，并与更广泛的外部环境的不同部分互动。尽管如此，已经有许多有益的研究探索了组织结构与创新绩效之间的联系。
Organization Structures against Innovation 反对创新的组织结构
Formalisation 形式化
There is some evidence of inverse relationship between formalization and innovation. That is an increase in formalization of procedures will result in a disease in innovative activity.
有一些证据表明，形式化和创新之间存在着相反的关系。这就是程序正规化的增加将导致创新活动中的疾病。
Complexity 复杂性
Where these are several different type of professional groups working in an organization, it would represent a complex organization
如果有几个不同类型的专业团体在一个组织中工作，它将代表一个复杂的组织
Centralisation 集中化
It refers to the decision making activity and the location of power inside an organization. In a decentralized organization fewer levels of hierarchy are usually required and this tends to lead to more responsive decision making closer to the action.
它指的是决策活动和权力在组织内部的位置。在一个分散的组织中，通常需要更少的层级，这往往会导致在更接近行动的情况下做出更具响应性的决策。
Organizational Size 组织规模
A small business with fewer employees differs significantly on terms of resources from an organization which is big size is a proxy variable for more meaningful dimensions such as economic and organization resources, together with number of employees.
员工较少的小企业与规模较大的组织在资源方面存在显著差异，这是经济和组织资源以及员工数量等更有意义维度的代理变量。
Establishing an innovative environment and Propagating this virtuous circle
建立创新环境并传播这种良性循环
Given the importance of innovation, many businesses have spent enormous sum of money trying to enlarge an environment that fosters innovation.
鉴于创新的重要性，许多企业花费了巨额资金，试图扩大促进创新的环境。
Creating a virtuous circle of innovation means getting competitive advantage over others.
创造创新的良性循环意味着获得相对于其他人的竞争优势。
Virtuous circle of innovation
创新的良性循环
The organization’s
该组织的
Reputation for innovation
创新声誉
High morale and Attraction of
高昂的士气和吸引力
Retention of creative creative people
留住有创造力的人
people
人
Motivates people and organisational
激励员工和组织
Reduce frustration encouragement of
减少挫折鼓励
Creativity and
创造力和
innovation
创造
A willingness in the
一种意愿
Org. to accept new
组织。接受新的
ideas
思想
Development of
的发展
Innovative
创新的
Product
产品
Reputation of the Organisationb组织声誉
It takes many years to develop the reputation of an organization. It is strongly linked to overall performance of an organization. Some companies are able to achieve wide exposure of new products or new research and others are not.
建立一个组织的声誉需要很多年的时间。它与组织的整体绩效密切相关。一些公司能够获得新产品或新研究的广泛曝光，而另一些公司则不然。
Attraction of creative people 有创造力的人的吸引力
Creative people will be concerned to those companies that themselves are viewed as creative. TOP scientists and researchers will seek employment with such companies.
有创造力的人会关注那些自己被视为有创造力的公司。顶尖的科学家和研究人员将在这些公司寻找工作。
Conclusion 结论
Bakhresa group is among the most successful company which operate in Tanzania and other different African countries and World Wide. All these success are due to well established structure of a company. The members of the organization are made to serve these goals and reward are given to motivate them.
Bakhresa集团是在坦桑尼亚和其他不同非洲国家以及全球范围内运营的最成功的公司之一。所有这些成功都归功于一个公司良好的组织结构。组织的成员被要求为这些目标服务，并给予奖励以激励他们。
On the one hand Bakhresa Group supports the innovation and creativity. It has spent enormous sums of money trying to develop an environment that fosters innovation. Also the company creates a good product from manufacturing food and beverage to all other sector which keeps the good reputation of the company. Due to all this the Bakhresa Group becomes a market leader because of innovation and entrepreneurship
一方面，Bakhresa集团支持创新和创造力。它花费了巨额资金试图开发一个促进创新的环境。此外，该公司创造了一个良好的产品，从制造食品和饮料到所有其他行业，保持了公司的良好声誉。正因为如此，Bakhresa集团凭借创新和创业精神成为市场领导者
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