MBA Essay格式范文：Strategic Management at News Company

MBA Essay格式范文-新闻集团的战略管理。本文是一篇留学生MBA Essay写作范文，主要内容是讲述不同公司的业绩受到内部和外部因素的影响。这些环境因素具体影响或影响管理职能。管理层应考虑的方法之一是实施战略或有效的管理职能。Essay的主要目的是通过给定的案例分析来分析新闻集团。本篇MBA Essay将通过SWOT分析，为新闻集团的战略定位提供信息。此外，本作业还将评估新闻集团多元化卫星广播战略背后的合理性和动机，并评估收购作为发展方式的优势和劣势，特别是参考新闻集团进行的收购。最后，essay旨在为跨国公司2006年至以后的战略发展计划提供建议。     

   
The performance of different companies has been affected by internal and external factors. These environmental factors specifically affect or impact management functions. One of the approaches that the management should consider is the implementation of strategic or effective management function. Primarily, the main goal of this paper is to analyse The News Corporation through the given case study. Herein, the Paper will provide information about the strategic position of News Corporation through the use of SWOT analysis. Furthermore, this paper will also evaluate the rational and motivation behind the News Corporation strategy of diversifying into satellite broadcasting and evaluate the advantage and disadvantage of acquisition as method of development with particular reference to the acquisition undertaken by The News Corporation. Lastly, this paper aims on providing a recommendation for a strategic development plan for TNC from 2006 to onwards.
Overview of the Company 公司概况
Accordingly, News Corporation is a publicly traded media corporation that provides media services all over the world. The company is originally an Australian corporation but when they have reincorporated in 2004, News Corporation moves its headquarters from Adelaide, Australia to New York City of the United States. After the reincorporation, the corporation has been able to add to the S&P Index in later part of 2004 and have been able to generate about 75% of its revenues as well as its profits in the United States. The company’s business portfolio includes television programming, motion picture production, TV, cable and satellite broadcasting, publishing of newspaper, book and magazine as well as the distribution and promotion of advertising campaign materials and services.
因此，新闻集团是一家在世界各地提供媒体服务的上市媒体公司。该公司最初是一家澳大利亚公司，但在2004年重组后，新闻集团将总部从澳大利亚阿德莱德迁至美国纽约市。重组后，该公司在2004年下半年能够增加标准普尔指数，并能够在美国创造约75%的收入和利润。该公司的业务组合包括电视节目、电影制作、电视、有线和卫星广播、报纸、书籍和杂志的出版以及广告宣传材料和服务的分发和推广。       
The major shareholder of the corporation is the family of its founder which is Chairman Rupert Murdoch who has been able to spend his 50 years with the company. Murdoch’s family controls 30% share of the company. Murdoch has been able to build a media empire starting with his ownership of the Adelaide news, which his father has established. In 1964, he founded The Australian which is the first national daily newspaper and then acquired British and American media properties to expand his business portfolio. The subsidiaries of the News Corporation include Twentieth Century Fox and Fox Entertainment group movie studio. In addition, the corporation has also 34% stake in the DIRECTV Group and also have the ownership of over 30 American television stations, Boston Herald and New York Post newspapers and various Britain largest ciculation newspapers which include The News of the World, The Sun and The Times. Moreover, the corporation has the extensive business operations across Europe, Australia, Asia and Latin America.
该公司的主要股东是其创始人鲁珀特·默多克的家族，默多克主席在公司度过了50年。默多克家族控制着该公司30%的股份。默多克已经能够建立起一个媒体帝国，从他父亲建立的阿德莱德新闻的所有权开始。1964年，他创办了第一家全国性日报《澳大利亚人报》，并收购了英国和美国的媒体资产，以扩大他的业务组合。新闻集团的子公司包括二十世纪福克斯和福克斯娱乐集团电影制片厂。此外，该公司还持有DIRECTV集团34%的股份，并拥有30多家美国电视台、《波士顿先驱报》和《纽约邮报》以及包括《世界新闻报》、《太阳报》和英国《泰晤士报》在内的多家英国最大的商业报纸的所有权。此外，该公司在欧洲、澳大利亚、亚洲和拉丁美洲拥有广泛的业务运营。
News Corporation also brought Intermix Media Inc in July 2005 which is the owner of the largest social networking portal in the World Wide Web MySpace.com and about 30 other websites. It is said that with this approach and with the formation of the Fox Interactive Media, the acquisition of Intermix underscores the company’s commitment to expand their business operations in the internet. In the latter part of 2007, the company has been able to acquire Dow Jones & Company which is the publisher of The Wall Street Journal and other companies in news and information. In 2006, the News Corporation revenue was reported to be $25.3 billion in 2006 (Murdoch, 2008).
新闻集团还于2005年7月收购了Mixpx Media Inc，该公司是全球最大的社交网站MySpace的所有者。com和大约30个其他网站。据说，通过这种方式以及福克斯互动媒体公司的成立，收购Intermix突显了该公司扩大其互联网业务的承诺。2007年下半年，该公司收购了《华尔街日报》和其他新闻和信息公司的出版商道琼斯公司。2006年，据报道，新闻集团2006年的收入为253亿美元。
Strategy Options 战略选项
The most dominant strategic or effective management paradigm in recent years is known as the strategies model (David, 2001). Porter (1998) claims that the intensity of competition in an industry is neither a matter of coincidence or bad luck. Rather, competition in any business industry is rooted in its underlying economic structure and goes well beyond the behaviour of current rival companies. In general, strategy refers to the long-term plan of actions which is established to enable companies to achieve their organizational goal. It is the basis which will serve as a standard for the company to efficiently achieve their goal.
近年来最主要的战略或有效管理范式被称为战略模型。波特声称，一个行业的竞争强度既不是巧合，也不是坏运气。相反，任何商业行业的竞争都植根于其潜在的经济结构，远远超出了当前竞争对手公司的行为。一般来说，战略是指为使公司实现其组织目标而制定的长期行动计划。这是公司有效实现目标的标准。
Based on the give case, it can be said that the main strategic approach of the company is with regards to their ability to transform the entire corporation into a company that provides the latest in the media corporations accordingly, the main goal of News Corporation is to create an industry which is unified, logical and creative. The goal of the management is to build an industry with the agility and alertness to find strategic opportunities when they arise, with the notion to anticipate and intervene challenges through the use of conventional wisdom.
With the mission of the company to provide the highest quality content through the most convenient of distribution channels among various customers, the company has been able to provide quality and state of the arts media services and productions that suits the needs of the people in the global market.
根据给定的案例，可以说，新闻集团的主要战略方针是将整个公司转变为一家提供最新媒体公司的公司，因此，新闻集团主要目标是创建一个统一、逻辑和创造性的行业。管理层的目标是建立一个具有敏捷性和警觉性的行业，以便在战略机遇出现时发现战略机遇，并通过使用传统智慧预测和干预挑战。
公司的使命是通过各种客户之间最便捷的分销渠道提供最高质量的内容，公司能够提供符合全球市场需求的高质量和最先进的媒体服务和产品。
Theoretical Framework 理论框架
This part of the paper will analyse News Corporation through the use of Business model and Analytical tools. The business model to be considered is the strategic option to diversification and the analytical tools will be the use of SWOT analysis.
本文的这一部分将通过使用商业模型和分析工具对新闻集团进行分析。要考虑的商业模式是多元化的战略选择，分析工具将使用SWOT分析。
Business Model (Motivation for Diversification to Satellite Broadcasting) 商业模式（卫星广播多元化的动机）
Accordingly, Strategic or effective management is known as the process of formulating, implementing and assessing cross-functional decisions which enables different firms to achieve their organizational objective (Drejer, 2002). With this definition, strategic or effective management is said to give focus on integrating marketing, management, finance, research and development production/operations and computer information system to sustain competitive advantages. This definition is said to be in the contemporary business, however, in line with the perspective of the top management, strategic or effective management is the ability of the firm to choose the markets in which the company’s distinctive capabilities gain competitive position. In addition, the management views strategic or effective management as the one which is adaptive and incremental in nature and aims on fulfilling the expectation of the stakeholders. Accordingly, stakeholders are composed of the management of the company, the employees and staff the customers, communities and other shareholders and rivals. The management aims on having a strategy which enables them to provide the needs of these stakeholders (Campbell, 2002).
因此，战略或有效管理被称为制定、实施和评估跨职能决策的过程，使不同的公司能够实现其组织目标。根据这一定义，战略或有效管理是指将重点放在整合营销、管理、财务、研发生产/运营和计算机信息系统，以保持竞争优势。这一定义据说适用于当代企业，然而，根据最高管理层的观点，战略或有效管理是指企业选择市场的能力，在市场中，企业的独特能力获得竞争地位。此外，管理层将战略或有效管理视为具有适应性和渐进性的管理，旨在实现利益相关者的期望。因此，利益相关者由公司管理层、员工和员工、客户、社区以及其他股东和竞争对手组成。管理层的目标是制定一项战略，使其能够满足这些利益相关者的需求。
In doing so, the management is trying to find ways to meet the needs of the stakeholders and this is done through constant communication. By means of communication, the management has been able to clearly relay the purpose of the company to sustain competitive advantage. It has been also believed that key to having strategic or effective management is through empowering their stakeholders, allowing them to be part of the decision making process and enabling them to be part of the business operations (David, 2001). The management perspective of strategic or effective management is to deliver superior stakeholder experience through direct, comprehensive stakeholder relationship and support programs tailored to satisfy stakeholders need.
在这样做的过程中，管理层试图找到满足利益相关者需求的方法，这是通过不断的沟通来实现的。通过沟通，管理层能够明确传达公司的目标，以保持竞争优势。人们还认为，进行战略或有效管理的关键是增强利益相关者的权能，让他们参与决策过程，并使他们成为业务运营的一部分。战略或有效管理的管理视角是通过直接、全面的利益相关者关系和为满足利益相关者需求而量身定制的支持计划，为利益相关者提供卓越的体验。
In the case of The News Corporation, it can be said that the company has been able to use a strategic business model to be able to stay in their competitive position and to be able to provide quality services to their target audiences. One of the business models used by the company is the diversification of their business portfolio into satellite broadcasting. Accordingly, the main goal of the News Corporation to diversify is to cater to the emerging needs of the market. In this regard, the News Corporation has been able to launch the UK Sky Television on February 5, 1989. The Sky television is a direct-to-home satellite broadcasting. The main motivation of News Corporation to diversify is to anticipate the intensifying communication in terms of communications satellite broadcasting services. In addition, News Corporation also diversify to become more innovative in providing their services and media coverage to their target audience in terms of switching from analogue to digital and to consider multichannel broadcasting.
就新闻集团而言，可以说，该公司已经能够利用战略商业模式来保持其竞争地位，并能够为目标受众提供优质服务。该公司采用的商业模式之一是将其业务组合多样化，进入卫星广播领域。因此，新闻集团多元化的主要目标是迎合市场的新兴需求。在这方面，新闻集团于1989年2月5日推出了英国天空电视台。天空电视台是一个直接对家庭的卫星广播。新闻集团多元化的主要动机是在通信卫星广播服务方面预见到通信的加强。此外，新闻集团还多元化，在从模拟向数字转换方面向目标受众提供服务和媒体报道方面更具创新性，并考虑多频道广播。
Furthermore, another motivation of the News Corporation to diversify into Satellite broadcasting is to provide a new strategy in terms of programme material distribution. Through this diversification the company has been able to provide opportunities for any broadcaster to increase their channel distribution which allows the distribution of different programmes to different countries.
此外，新闻公司向卫星广播多样化的另一个动机是在节目材料分发方面提供新的战略。通过这种多元化，该公司能够为任何广播公司提供机会，增加其频道分布，从而允许向不同国家分发不同的节目。
Analytical Tool 分析工具
This part of the paper will analyse the strategic position of News Corporation through the use of SWOT analysis. Based on the given case, the strategic position of the News Corporation specifically their BSkyB’s position has been challenged because of the changing situations of the media market. Rival industries of the company has been able to announced the establishment of the first quadruple play media company in the global market which offers television, broadband, fixed line and mobile communications. The announcement of this company affects the strategic position of the entire News Corporation. In order to make sure that the company will not be left behind, News Corporation has been able to involve themselves into the expansion to technological developments.
本文这一部分将运用SWOT分析法对新闻集团的战略地位进行分析。基于给定的案例，新闻集团的战略地位，特别是其英国天空广播公司的地位，由于媒体市场形势的变化而受到挑战。该公司的竞争行业已宣布成立全球市场上第一家提供电视、宽带、固定线路和移动通信的四重播放媒体公司。这家公司的宣布影响了整个新闻集团的战略地位。为了确保公司不会落后，新闻集团已经能够参与到技术发展的扩张中。
Through the use of SWOT analysis, the strategic position of News Corporation in 2006 will be analysed.
通过SWOT分析，对新闻集团2006年的战略地位进行分析。
Strengths. As a competitive and globally recognised media corporation, News Corporation has been able to have strategic position in the global market. In fact, when News Corporation streamlined in 2003 to 2006, it already had the advantage of size. With several consecutive years of multibillion profits, the company has outshined its major rival companies to become a model firm. Also, News Corporation’s decision to focus on diversified market and by considering satellite broadcasting and entering the internet market through MySpace.com was a courageous one, but it has led to its current position as one of the top global brands. The firm has likewise been characterised by many analysts to have an ability to adapt to changing market conditions in order to maximise profit. Listening to and identifying with consumers has allowed News Corporation to construct a corporate culture that bears little resemblance to the News Corporation of the past.
优势。作为一家具有竞争力和全球知名度的媒体公司，新闻集团在全球市场上具有战略地位。事实上，当新闻集团在2003年至2006年进行精简时，它已经拥有了规模优势。凭借连续几年数十亿美元的利润，该公司已超越其主要竞争对手，成为一家模范公司。此外，新闻集团决定专注于多元化市场，考虑卫星广播，并通过MySpace进入互联网市场。这是一家勇敢的公司，但它已经成为目前全球顶级品牌之一。许多分析师同样认为，该公司有能力适应不断变化的市场条件，以实现利润最大化。倾听和认同消费者让新闻集团得以构建一种与过去新闻集团几乎没有相似之处的企业文化。
The ability to continuously renew and improve their service in the media, internet and communication while effectively managing the needs of their target audience is the key to maintaining News Corporation’s leader status and the key for succeeding in having strategic position.
在有效管理目标受众需求的同时，不断更新和改进其在媒体、互联网和通信领域的服务的能力是保持新闻集团领先地位的关键，也是成功占据战略地位的关键。
Weaknesses. Not all of diversification and approach have been successful and this can be considered as one of the flaws or weaknesses of the company. Analysts have accused the company of focusing too much on their high-end acquisitions and diversification in spite of the risky effects of such decisions.
劣势。并非所有的多元化和方法都是成功的，这可以被视为公司的缺陷或弱点之一。分析人士指责该公司过于专注于高端收购和多元化，尽管这些决定会带来风险。    
Opportunities. The basis for long-term competitiveness is the ability to develop continuously new generations of more advanced media products and services. Therefore one of the company’s opportunities is to tap into more markets as a result of the innovations being introduced in the media and television and internet industry Localised capabilities enabling or even enhancing such co-operation will always make a difference when it comes to first-mover advantages. The opportunity to penetrate new growth markets where internet media adoption still has room to go, Leveraging News Corporation’s infrastructure business to get first choice and stronger position against rivals is also an opportunity. They also have the opportunity to get ahead of their rival companies, and this should be the case, since the said market is a potential sizeable source of income. The trend of considering the internet market also show cases new opportunities for the company specifically with their acquisition of the MySpace.com
机会。长期竞争力的基础是不断开发新一代更先进的媒体产品和服务的能力。因此，该公司的一个机会是通过媒体、电视和互联网行业的创新开拓更多的市场。本地化的能力能够实现甚至加强这种合作，在涉及先发优势时，将始终发挥作用。有机会进入新的增长市场，在这些市场上，互联网媒体的采用仍有空间，利用新闻集团的基础设施业务获得第一选择，并在竞争对手中占据更有利的地位，这也是一个机会。他们也有机会超越竞争对手，这应该是事实，因为上述市场是一个潜在的巨大收入来源。考虑互联网市场的趋势也为公司带来了新的机遇，特别是他们收购了MySpace.com
Threats. Rival companies are major threats to the business. News Corporation, in contrast, started out in other lines of business and entered broadcast and media capabilities of the company. The firm’s inability to keep up with innovations, or recognise its demand, creates a threat for them, a risk that they could be displaced by other industry leaders. The legal and political environment in the countries where they operate in could potentially affect the business negatively. Their apparent complacence could be used by their rival companies to their advantage, and take News Corporation by surprise, with the latter realising too late that they are not the industry leader anymore.
威胁。竞争对手公司是该业务的主要威胁。相比之下，新闻集团则从其他业务领域起步，进入了公司的广播和媒体能力。该公司无法跟上创新步伐，或无法认识到其需求，这给它们带来了威胁，可能会被其他行业领导者取代。他们所在国家的法律和政治环境可能会对企业产生负面影响。他们表面上的自满可能会被他们的竞争对手公司利用，让新闻集团大吃一惊，因为后者意识到自己不再是行业领导者已经为时已晚。
Application (Advantages and Disadvantages of Acquisition Method) 应用（采集方法的优点和缺点）
With regards to the largest media deals from 1981 to 2002, The News Corporation has been involved in one of these media deals. The company has been able to acquire Gemstar-TV Guide and TNC also acquire DirecTV and also brought small stakes of 20th century fox and other local TV stations. In addition, the company started a satellite TV system for their UK subscribers and also invested in another TV system in Asia which is Star and has their cable Fox News Network. The latest acquisition of the News Corporation is their acquisition of MySpace.com which is the largest social networking website in the World Wide Web.
关于1981年至2002年最大的媒体交易，新闻集团参与了其中一项媒体交易。该公司已经收购了Gemstar TV Guide，TNC也收购了DirecTV，还收购了20世纪福克斯和其他地方电视台的少量股份。此外，该公司还为英国用户启动了一个卫星电视系统，并在亚洲投资了另一个电视系统，该系统是Star，拥有有线福克斯新闻网。新闻集团的最新收购是他们对MySpace的收购。com是万维网中最大的社交网站。
Primarily, the acquisition approach of News Corporation has taken some advantages and disadvantages to the overall performance and strategic position of the company. Accordingly, there are two basic models of acquisition, one is through cash and the other is through the stock swap. Based on the given case, one of the advantages of acquisition in News Corporation is in terms of market growth. With the acquired company, News Corporation has been able to diversify their products and business portfolio and meet the needs and demands of their target audience. In addition, through the acquisition, the company has also been able to see their potentials in different market including the internet market. The management has also been able to grow in terms of investment and grow in terms of market shares. The company has more opportunities to provide the latest products or services in the interactive media which may lead to further success of the company.
首先，新闻集团的收购方式对公司的整体业绩和战略地位带来了一些利弊。因此，有两种基本的收购模式，一种是现金收购，另一种是股票交换。根据给定的案例，新闻集团收购的优势之一是市场增长。通过收购这家公司，新闻集团能够使其产品和业务组合多样化，满足目标受众的需求。此外，通过收购，该公司还能够看到其在不同市场（包括互联网市场）的潜力。管理层还能够在投资和市场份额方面增长。公司有更多的机会在互动媒体中提供最新的产品或服务，这可能会导致公司的进一步成功。       
Although the company has some advantages with their acquisition, News Corporation also faced some disadvantages. One of this is the threat of not fulfilling the needs of the acquired company which results in major downturn or bankruptcy of the entire industry. In addition, with so much company at stake, the management is being challenged to be able to meet all the needs of each of the company acquire to stay competitive in the market position. The acquisition entails large values of financial resources involved and if the company would not be able to manage the acquired industries strategically, all their hard work will end to major fallback for the entire industry. In order to maximize the advantage and minimize or eliminate the disadvantages, the company must be able to use strategic management approach to handle all their subsidiaries and acquired industries.
尽管该公司在收购方面有一些优势，但新闻集团也面临一些劣势。其中一个威胁是无法满足被收购公司的需求，这将导致整个行业的严重衰退或破产。此外，由于公司面临如此多的风险，管理层面临着挑战，无法满足每一家公司的所有需求，从而在市场地位上保持竞争力。收购需要大量的财务资源，如果公司无法从战略上管理被收购的行业，他们所有的辛勤工作将最终导致整个行业的重大倒退。为了最大化优势，最小化或消除劣势，公司必须能够使用战略管理方法来处理其所有子公司和收购行业。
Analysis 分析
Based on the given analysis, it can be shown that with the management approach of the News Corporation, the company has been able to grow in the media market efficiently and successfully. With the ability of the management to visualize what is needed to grow in the media and broadcasting market, the management considered different approaches and business models such as diversification and acquisition approach. Analysis also shows that with the aim of the company to stay in the competitive and strategic position, they are able to anticipate major challenges and maximize their strategic abilities to meet the needs of their target audience and outgrow rival industries in the global market.
基于上述分析，可以看出，通过新闻集团的管理方法，该公司能够在媒体市场上高效、成功地成长。由于管理层有能力想象媒体和广播市场的增长需要什么，管理层考虑了不同的方法和商业模式，如多样化和收购方法。分析还表明，为了保持公司的竞争和战略地位，他们能够预见重大挑战，最大限度地提高战略能力，以满足目标受众的需求，并在全球市场上超越竞争对手。
Findings 调查结果
Based on the findings, the following are the strategic development plan for the company from 2006 onwards. Strategic Planning is part of the marketing approach wherein the management team determines ways and techniques to initiate the corporate discount in a corporate unit. Strategic planning can be used in when an organisation intends to instigate or initiate a certain marketing decisions that will enhance the competitiveness of the organisation (Elkin, 1998). With proper implementation of such plan and with the strong commitment of the management as well as the employees with this plan, growth, stability and competitive advantage will be achieved by the corporation.
根据调查结果，以下是该公司从2006年起的战略发展计划。战略规划是营销方法的一部分，其中管理团队确定在公司单位中发起公司折扣的方式和技术。当一个组织打算发起或发起某种营销决策，以提高该组织的竞争力时，可以使用战略规划。随着该计划的正确实施，以及管理层和员工对该计划的坚定承诺，公司将实现增长、稳定和竞争优势。
For this strategic development plan, it is recommended that the management of News Corporation should focus on managing all the conglomerate and subsidiaries of the company. In addition, to be able to maximize their advantage in acquiring MySpace.com, the management should be able to manage this strategically. In line with the marketing development, the company should maximize the use of their financial resources in the latest trends in the market environment. They also need financial resources, to sustain their strategic development in considering employee trainings to ensure that the changes in line with their interactive media planning sill be successful.
In this strategic development, it can be said that the commonness of the two is the initiation of the strategic planning. Accordingly, strategic Planning is part of the strategic development wherein the management team identifies ways and techniques to initiate the development or execute their objectives. Strategic planning can be utilised when an organisation intends to instigate or initiate a certain project, in this case the News Corporation information technology development and interactive media development and the marketing strategy development that will enhance the competitiveness of the organisation (Elkin, 1998).
对于这一战略发展计划，建议新闻集团的管理层集中管理该公司的所有企业集团和子公司。此外，为了能够最大限度地发挥他们在收购MySpace方面的优势。管理层应该能够从战略上管理这一点。随着市场营销的发展，公司应在市场环境的最新趋势中最大限度地利用其财务资源。他们还需要财政资源，以在考虑员工培训时维持其战略发展，确保根据互动媒体规划进行的变革能够成功。            
 在这一战略发展中，可以说二者的共同点是战略规划的启动。因此，战略规划是战略发展的一部分，其中管理团队确定启动发展或执行其目标的方法和技术。当一个组织打算发起或发起某个项目时，可以利用战略规划，在这种情况下，新闻集团的信息技术开发、互动媒体开发和营销战略开发将提高该组织的竞争力。
The strategic plan for each development, specifically in terms of their resource planning, assures that the company only utilised a strategic planning approach that will benefit the company to achieve its goal. In this manner, the management of News Corporation should be able to incorporate strategic planning and implementation in line with its resources for both strategic developments.
每个开发项目的战略计划，特别是在资源规划方面，确保公司只采用有利于公司实现目标的战略规划方法。通过这种方式，新闻集团的管理层应该能够根据其两项战略发展的资源，将战略规划和实施纳入其中。
Conclusion 结论
It can be concluded that the management must be able to know what is happening in the internal and external environment of the business. This is also done to know if changes are needed to meet the needs of these factors and to avoid problems in terms of the four management functions. Hence, strategic management through proper planning, organizing, leading, and controlling is needed. Through this, the management will also be able to counter the negative impact of globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics.
MBA Essay可以得出这样的结论：管理层必须能够知道企业的内部和外部环境中发生了什么。这也是为了了解是否需要进行变革，以满足这些因素的需要，并避免在四项管理职能方面出现问题。因此，需要通过适当的规划、组织、领导和控制进行战略管理。通过这一点，管理层还将能够应对全球化、技术、创新、多样性和道德的负面影响。本站提供各国各专业essay代写或指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。