项目管理学essay代写模板—Planned Preventative Maintenance Essay

项目管理学essay代写范文—计划性预防性维护论文，本文是一篇留学生管理专业的Essay写作格式参考范文，为了了解遗产规划的预防性维修计划的实施情况，人们首先需要了解状况调查的实践以及与这一概念相关的含义。审计委员会(1988年)在条件调查方面对英国大多数地方当局的做法提出了批评，即通过简单地取财产价值的名义百分比来估算维修开支，并敦促使用适当的条件调查来得出更准确的维修开支估计。然而，条件调查的委托不应该仅仅是为了预算目的，因为它们在建筑条件管理中有更广泛的应用，Bargh(1987)。以下是管理学essay范例写作的全部内容，是一篇符合国外大学Essay写作格式要求的范文，供参考。

Assessing the implementation of a Planned Preventative Maintenance Programme for Strategic Estate Planning.

In order to understand the implementation of a planned preventative maintenance programme for estate planning, one will first need to understand the practice of condition surveys and the meaning attached to the concept. The Audit Commission (1988), with regard to condition surveys have been critical of most local authority practice in the UK of estimating maintenance expenditure by simply taking a notional percentage of the property value, and urge the use of proper condition surveys to derive more accurate estimates of maintenance expenditure. Condition surveys should, however be commissioned for more than just budgeting purposes, as they have a wider application in the managing of building condition, Bargh (1987).

A major obstacle to carrying out the first comprehensive survey is the expense. On a national scale the UK building stock possesses very poor condition records and this represents a massive impediment to developing good maintenance management practices. Some progress has been made in recent years, particularly with respect to local authority buildings, where the prompting of the Audit Commission has had some effect. Within the private sector in the UK, there is still a startling reluctance amongst property managers to commit funding and commission detailed condition surveys of their buildings, Sahai (1987). Within the public sector as well condition surveys now being carried out are strictly limited in their scope. In many cases they are carried out for very specific purposes, usually related to financial management, rather than as part of a professional approach to managing building condition, Colston (1987).Condition surveys also include, building surveys, manual surveys, optical mark surveys, bar-code reader, hand-held computer, and reports. These are all used to carry out condition surveys. With this in mind one can now talk about the use of this concept in a planned preventative maintenance programme for strategic estate planning.

进行第一次全面调查的一个主要障碍是费用。从全国范围来看，英国建筑存量非常差，这对发展良好的维护管理实践是一个巨大的障碍。近年来取得了一些进展，特别是在地方当局的建筑方面，审计委员会的敦促在这方面产生了一些影响。Sahai(1987)指出，在英国的私营部门中，物业经理仍然不愿意提供资金，并委托对其建筑进行详细的状况调查。在公共部门，目前正在进行的井况调查的范围也受到严格的限制。在许多情况下，它们是为了非常具体的目的而进行的，通常与财务管理有关，而不是作为管理建筑条件的专业方法的一部分，Colston(1987)。条件调查还包括建筑调查、人工调查、光学标记调查、条形码阅读器、手持计算机和报告。这些都是用来进行状态测量的。考虑到这一点，我们现在可以讨论在战略性遗产规划的有计划的预防性维护方案中使用这一概念。

The process of planning for maintenance work has much in common with the planning of any construction activity. Therefore the basic principles of planning should be firmly understood before considering maintenance planning specifically. As the nature of the product or activity becomes more complex a point is reached where it becomes necessary to commit some, or all, of this plan to paper and a formal programme is produced, Sahai(1987). At a simple level this may only involve writing dates into a diary whilst, at a more advanced level, the use of a powerful computer based management technique may be necessary. Planning as an intellectual process permeates all activities in one form or another, always with some objective in mind, whether or not this is overtly stated.

The clear identification of objectives is an essential prerequisite of the whole process, but particularly prior to the committal of a plan to the formal programming process. In the construction industry, planning has all too often been afforded insufficient credence. In many cases this is because not enough attention is given to the purposes for which a plan is required, leading to a failure to produce programmes that are consistent with the planning objectives, Tavistock Institute (1966). This tends either to bring the planning process into disrepute, or to the setting up of an intensely bureaucratic management regime.

明确确定目标是整个过程的必要先决条件，但在计划投入正式方案拟订过程之前尤其如此。在建筑业，规划往往没有得到足够的信任。在许多情况下，这是因为对需要制定计划的目的没有给予足够的注意，导致无法编制符合规划目标的方案。塔维斯托克研究所(1966)这往往会使规划过程声名狼藉，或导致建立一种非常官僚的管理制度。

Now, there are a number of aspects of maintenance that require planning, which may not necessarily be part of a formal planned maintenance programme. For example, it may have been decided to institute a programme of planned inspections to verify that statutory requirements are being fulfilled, or considered prudent to operate a planned replacement policy, as part of a preventive maintenance programme, Chanter and Swallow (2005). This may operate separately from an on-going planned maintenance programme. Within any maintenance organisation there will be planned and unplanned work. The balance between the two will vary, depending on the nature of the organisation and its attitude to building maintenance.

A low level of planned maintenance in an organisation does not necessarily reflect a poor attitude, as it may be appropriate for the given situation. It is quite possible to envisage a scenario where the introduction of a sophisticated planned system is not justifiable. For example, the owner of an estate consisting of one relatively simple building may choose to carry out all maintenance on demand, and plan only relatively obvious items, such as a redecoration every four years. The latter mentioned may be carried out on an ad-hoc basis.

在一个组织中，低水平的计划性维护并不一定反映糟糕的态度，因为它可能适合于给定的情况。很可能会出现这样一种情况，即引进一个复杂的计划系统是不合理的。例如，一个拥有相对简单建筑的地产的业主可能会选择按需进行所有的维护，只规划相对明显的项目，例如每四年重新装修一次。上述后者可在临时基础上进行。

This closely mirrors the approach of the owner/occupier of a dwelling house, and is an inevitable consequence of work which is characterised by a large number of relatively small, low level operations and a small number of larger ones, Gibson (1979). The latter are more likely to be foreseeable ones, and hence planned for. They are likely to fall into two categories, namely,

. A regular on-going requirement to perform certain operations, such as decoration. These tasks will tend to be cyclical in nature and, in theory at least, quite conveniently form part of a rolling programme.

. Major renewal or repair projects which, from time-to-time become necessary. For example, there may be a programme instituted by a housing association to replace all flat roof coverings over a fixed time period.

Some of these larger exercises fall into the category of what may be termed preventive maintenance, and need to have been subjected to a rigorous decision making process, Lees and Wordsworth (2001). For example, a decision to replace flat roof coverings ahead of failure is a preventive measure. In reaching this decision, account would have been taken of the disruption and possible consequential damage of not replacing until failure had occurred. In addition to this the aims of planned maintenance programmes with regard to estate planning are extremely diverse and, hence, many types of programmes will be encountered.

这些大的练习中有一些属于所谓的预防性维护，需要经过严格的决策过程，李斯和华兹华斯(2001)。例如，决定在破坏前更换平屋顶覆盖物是一种预防措施。在作出这一决定时，应考虑到在故障发生之前不更换所造成的中断和可能的后续损害。除此之外，与遗产规划有关的有计划的维修方案的目标是极其多样化的，因此将遇到许多类型的方案。

The applications of the basic principles of planning are of paramount importance to estate planning, Chanter and Swallow (2005). In particular, it is essential to define the objectives of maintenance plans very accurately at the outset, to ensure their relevance, and to enable them to be realistically formulated. These objectives may include all or a combination of the following:

. To help ensure that major defects are rectified and that the building fabric is maintained to a defined acceptable, safe and legally correct, standard.

. To sustain the building condition at an acceptable level and prevent undue deterioration of the building fabric and services by preventive means.

. To preserve the utility of the estate as an asset, and maintain its value

. To maintain the engineering and utility services in an optimum condition to safeguard the environmental conditions of the building, and hence its productive capacity.

. By effective planning, to ensure that maintenance is conducted, over a number of years, in a sensible sequence which reflects a careful consideration of priorities.

. By proper planning, to ensure that maintenance operations are carried out in the most effective way to ensure that best value for money is being obtained and the best use is being made of scare resources.

. To provide a tool for financial management, in particular budgetary control, and to assist maintenance managers in bidding for financial resources.

. As part of a broader facilities management scenario, to assist management to relate programmed repairs and maintenance to other demands and alternatives, such as refurbishment, redevelopment or changes in leasing policy.

The characteristics of maintenance work make accurate and comprehensive long-term predictions rather difficult. It is therefore necessary to define carefully what is realistically possible, and have an explicit recognition of levels of uncertainty. Because of this all programmes will need to have built into them some flexibility to permit modification if necessary and up-dating in order to ensure their continuing relevance.

CONCLUSION结论

It will be worthwhile to conclude that although the relevance of condition surveys to the implementation of planned preventative maintenance programmes for strategic estate planning enables an efficient allocation of scare resources such as funds and management expertise through periodic inspections of a property portfolio; its practice in scope within the UK is rather limited. Hence, authorities such as the audit commission should promote and ensure that condition surveys are carried out at the beginning of an estate management plan in which an adherence should be complied to, so that resources with regard to property portfolio are used efficiently, rather than wasted.

值得得出的结论是，虽然状况调查与实施战略性遗产规划的预防性维修方案有关，但通过定期检查财产组合，可以有效分配资金和管理专业知识等稀缺资源;它在英国的实践范围相当有限。因此，审计委员会等当局应促进和确保在物业管理计划开始时进行状况调查，并应遵守这一计划，以便有效利用与物业组合有关的资源，而不是浪费。

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