管理学essay代写范文—Point of Entry for Communication Solutions (ComSol)
管理学essay代写范文—通信解决方案入口(ComSol)，本文是一篇留学生管理专业的Essay写作格式参考范文。大多数成功企业的成长周期都包括开拓新市场，但它们之间的进入点和实践往往有很大程度的不同。这方面的一个例子是通信解决方案公司(ComSol)的第二次尝试，该公司是美国电话电报公司(AT&T)旗下的一家零售商，它试图打入德克萨斯州的达拉斯-沃斯堡市场。该项目采用了在Lucas, Fort Worth和McKinney区域内快速开放三个零售地点的形式。虽然这些零售场所的开业过程与之前的运营基本相似，但需要注意的是，核心元素始终是由俄克拉荷马州的地区领导运行的本地化创业项目。考虑到他们成功地开设了店面，整个项目可以被认为是成功的，但它面临多次延误和挫折，包括但不限于核心员工的流失、不存在的楼层交通、结构混乱、技术故障和缺乏商品。
本文将探讨这些事件的理论基础和导致他们的项目管理不善的方面，以提供可行的建议，以防止类似的障碍在未来出现。这一探索将集中在两个特定领域:风险管理和利益相关者管理。通过从其他挫折中抽象化这些实践，应该有可能发展出一个更有效的扩展战略。以下是管理学essay范例写作的全部内容，是一篇符合国外大学Essay写作格式要求的范文，供参考。
Introduction引言
The growth cycle of most successful businesses includes expeditions into new markets, but the point of entry and practice often varies to a large degree between them. One example of this is the second attempt of Communication Solutions (ComSol), an AT&T retailor, to break into the Dallas-Fort Worth market in Texas. This project took the form of rapidly opening three retail locations across the region within Lucas, Fort Worth, and McKinney. While the process of opening these retail locations was largely similar to previous operations, it is important to note that the core element was always a localized start-up program run by the regional leadership from Oklahoma. Considering they were successful in opening the storefronts, the overall project could be considered a success, but it faced multiple delays and setbacks including but not limited to the loss of core staff, non-existent floor traffic, structural confusion, faulty technology, and a lack of merchandise. This text will explore the theoretical underpinning of these events and the aspects of project mismanagement that led to them to offer actionable recommendations to prevent similar impediments from arising in the future. That exploration will focus on two specific areas: Risk Management and Stakeholder Management. By abstracting these practices from the rest of the setbacks, it should be possible to develop a more effective expansion strategy going forward.
Risk Analysis风险分析
One of the defining moments for this project occurred during the preparation to open the Lucas store when a visiting senior member of the company insisted on keeping the original schedule despite a wide array of known technical problems and the open disagreement from local staff. This eventually led to a disastrous opening for both the store and the overall project because those minor system problems resulted in employees being unable to complete customer requests and more than a few negative reviews that still plague the store. In all reality, this could have been avoided if more time and resources had been dedicated to troubleshooting required systems or if leadership had listened to the employees on the ground floor and prioritized the known problems with the system. Drawing from last week’s lectures the opening should have been a paint by numbers project for a company like ComSol that had already opened several dozen stores across rural and central Oklahoma. Unfortunately, the lack of a meaningful feedback mechanism and case-specific risk management resulted in this seemingly simple project rapidly devolving into a marketing nightmare. However, before addressing those specifics, it would be best to contextualize the store opening as a starting point because it was the company’s first attempt to re-enter a challenging market and set the tone for the rest of the project.
这个项目的一个决定性时刻发生在Lucas商店开业的准备阶段，当时公司一位来访的高级成员坚持保持原来的计划，尽管有大量已知的技术问题和当地员工的公开分歧。这最终给商店和整个项目带来了灾难性的开局，因为那些微小的系统问题导致员工无法完成客户的要求，还有很多负面评论仍然困扰着商店。事实上，如果能够将更多的时间和资源用于解决系统故障，或者领导能够听取底层员工的意见，并对系统中已知的问题进行优先排序，那么这种情况是可以避免的。从上周的讲座来看，对于ComSol这样已经在俄克拉何马州中部和农村地区开设了几十家门店的公司来说，开业本应是一个按数字来画的项目。不幸的是，缺乏有意义的反馈机制和个案风险管理导致这个看似简单的项目迅速沦为营销噩梦。然而，在讨论这些细节之前，最好先把开店作为一个起点，因为这是该公司第一次尝试重新进入一个具有挑战性的市场，并为项目的其余部分定下基调。
Looking at the situation from the application of chaos theory as described Cooke-Davis et al (2007) establishes the opening as a temporal “edge of chaos” (p.53 & 54) with the possibility to result in either order (a preferable out-come) or chaos (what occurred). The potential is critical here because it highlights the branching paths to consider when evaluating risks. Functionally, chaos theory provides a framework for project managers to expect unknown unknowns because it recognises complex sequences of events as either the change to or results of a nonlinear system (Cooke-Davis et al, 2007). Analysing leadership decisions by contextualizing them within an inherently volatile situation allows a more functional understanding of simple decisions. The decision to not prioritize technology that has already been identified as a potential risk allowed for unique aspects of the project like regional connectivity or a different internet service provider to fly under the radar resulting in a ripple effect that still impacts the business. While the existence of complex systems isn't solely to blame for leadership mistakes, it does provide a useful framing mechanism for the lack of risk management that took place.
No human being wants to consider the possibility that a failure is an option let alone an inevitability, but it should be the first line of logic to be pursued by any project manager because it will expose the obvious stress points, they need to develop a strategy to mitigate or accept. Drawing from the textbook, risk management in its simplest form operates in a three-step process: Identification, Quantification, Mitigation. Or more simply put, what is it, how bad is it, what can be done about it? While this is a clear oversimplification, it does provide a functional framework for beginning the process of risk management because it forces the practitioner to engage with each of the required steps at a surface level. This simplification fails when obvious conclusions can accurately represent the scope of the problem. Looking back at Lucas, the following risks were identified and mitigated; training employees in high-performance environments, product overflow, and direct oversight from company executives. However, these precautions all assumed that there wouldn’t be other problems within the system.
没有人愿意考虑失败是一个选项的可能性，更不用说是不可避免的，但它应该是任何项目经理所追求的第一个逻辑，因为它将暴露明显的压力点，他们需要制定一个策略来减轻或接受。根据教科书，风险管理最简单的形式包括三个步骤:识别、量化、缓解。或者更简单地说，它是什么，它有多糟糕，我们能做些什么?虽然这是一个明显的过度简化，但它确实为开始风险管理过程提供了一个功能框架，因为它迫使从业者在表面层面上参与每一个必需的步骤。当明显的结论能够准确地代表问题的范围时，这种简化就失败了。回顾Lucas，我们发现并减轻了以下风险;对员工进行高性能环境、产品溢出和公司高管直接监督方面的培训。然而，这些预防措施都假定系统内不会出现其他问题。
In the end, those precautions didn’t have the ability to address more subtle issues like those outlined above because they were either deemed unlikely or not to have a big enough impact to justify intervention. On the theoretical side, Cooke-Davis et al (2007) describes an element of chaos theory called the butterfly effect that addresses how even minor changes can result in massive impacts. In this way, Lucas represents a clear example of the butterfly effect because a singular decision point led to multiple problems. In reality, planning around every possible risk is impractical and functionally impossible so applying a process like failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) would lead to more effective decision making. Contextualizing this to Lucas, the hideability factor of FMEA would have ensured that technology failure would have been prioritized since it directly impacted the front-end customer experience. Even if this initial risk analysis fails to identify critical stress points, the dynamic nature of risk management should have the ability to mitigate most risks before they escalate.
Finally, it is important to explore the dyadic relationship between company culture and risk management. Based on previous lectures recognizing a company’s risk appetite is an important step for developing an appropriate program management plan, but this can be further specified to individual leaders within the corporate structure. Lucas specifically operated on a unidirectional risk evaluation system so the management would identify risk and inform employees of their responsibilities in the mitigation process, but when employees raised a concern it was largely disregarded. This created an environment defined by seniority. Despite the fact new hires were the majority of the population, their concerns would consistently be defined as inexperience with the software or a misunderstanding of company policy leading to a lack of interest and little to no action. This unequal power dynamic led to minimum effective responses to known problems.
最后，探讨企业文化与风险管理之间的二元关系是很重要的。根据之前的讲座，认识到一个公司的风险偏好是发展一个适当的项目管理计划的重要步骤，但这可以进一步指定的个人领导在公司结构。Lucas具体操作的是一个单向的风险评估系统，因此管理层会识别风险，并告知员工他们在缓解过程中的责任，但当员工提出一个担忧时，它基本上被忽视了。这创造了一个由资历决定的环境。尽管事实上新员工是大多数人，他们的担忧始终被定义为缺乏软件经验或误解公司政策导致缺乏兴趣和几乎没有行动。这种不平等的动力导致了对已知问题的最小有效反应。
Stakeholder Management股东管理
Beyond this static form of risk management, the divide between workers and management continued to be an almost constant stress point throughout the days leading up to the opening and in the weeks immediately after. This stress would take the form of several employees quitting due to lack of customers (they were in commission-based positions), miscommunication between local and regional management about approved marketing/community outreach strategies, and near-constant company policy changes to try and resolve known issues. While the majority of these can be defined as corporate strategy or correction, it is important to note how this impacted the employees as stakeholders for the remainder of the project. Considering Lucas was the first store in the region, the problems it faced set the tone for Fort Worth as well. While it certainly didn't suffer from the same technical problems as Lucas, the lack of effective stakeholder management marred the Fort Worth opening.
Internally, employees felt they weren’t prioritized by the company so there was less energy during the preparation for the opening celebration. This represents the power of vision as a project management tool as described by Christenson and Walker in 2004. Leadership can use vision as a foundational tool in project management because it motivates all parties to engage with a specified challenge, but they continue by providing several core components of effective vision making including accessibility, credibility, and a motivational call to action (Christenson and Walker, 2004). In this way, Fort Worth could be considered less successful than Lucas because the team involved no longer had the same passion for the project. This reshaped the way people interacted with the project and moved the majority from golden triangles to moaners. This took the form of fewer and less expansive outreach efforts by the local team, and eventually a single-digit turn-out for the opening celebration. While the external impacts were rather obvious, it is harder to quantify the internal impacts. As discussed above, it was clear there had been a shift on the synergy-agonism scale. The lack of faith in leadership resulted in near constant questions in team meetings, and many employees doing the bare minimum in terms of outreach. At least point, there were very few members of the original team among the staff, and those who remained were actively looking for other opportunities.
在公司内部，员工们觉得他们没有得到公司的优先考虑，所以在准备开业庆典的过程中没有多少精力。正如Christenson和Walker在2004年所描述的那样，这代表了作为项目管理工具的愿景的力量。在项目管理中，领导力可以将愿景作为一个基础工具，因为它激励所有各方参与到一个特定的挑战中，但他们继续通过提供有效愿景制定的几个核心组件，包括可访问性、可信性和行动的激励呼吁(christensen和Walker, 2004)。在这种情况下，Fort Worth可能被认为不如Lucas成功，因为参与的团队不再对项目有同样的热情。这改变了人们与项目互动的方式，让大多数人从“金三角”变成了“牢骚满腹”。当地团队的推广活动越来越少，最终开幕式的人数只有个位数。虽然外部影响相当明显，但内部影响难以量化。如上所述，很明显，协同-激动作用量表发生了变化。对领导缺乏信心导致在团队会议上几乎无休止地提出问题，许多员工在外联方面做得很少。至少有一点，原来的团队成员很少，留下来的人都在积极寻找其他机会。
Conclusion and Core Recommendations结论和核心建议
The ComSol examples above highlight the importance of the human element within project management. Leadership can have extensive plans for each stage of the operation, but if the people carrying out those plans are unable to meet the requirements, they are functionally useless. The core failures of the project can be summarized in the following three ways: a lack of contextualizes risk management, a failure to maintain effective communication, and an utter breakdown in the team dynamic. In this way, both Lucas and Fort Worth can be classified as failures of project management, but the reality is that the stores remain open despite a global pandemic so they could be classified as corporate success stories. In order to minimize the likelihood of repeating these errors, it is recommended that ComSol establish a more agile form of project management going forward. Specifically, having personnel focused on a single project so they can build interpersonal relationships with the staff and more effectively contextualize solutions to the situation at hand. While opening a store may be a paint by number operation, entering a region with a unique market falls more in line with a quest project.
Outside of agile project management, establishing a clearer framework for risk analysis such as FMEA would lead to more concrete decision making. If widely applied, it could open the door for employees to potential risks to leadership in a more concrete method. This would open the door for a more multidirectional and dynamic form of management that actively encourages employee engagement and maintains their involvement throughout the process. In addition to reshaping the method the company engages with risks, it would allow a more precise calculation of risk. Finally, the largest recommendation is to provide an avenue for effect feedback so team members have the ability to shape the project as opposed to engaging as passive observers.
在敏捷项目管理之外，建立一个更清晰的风险分析框架，如FMEA，将导致更具体的决策。如果被广泛应用，它可以为员工打开一扇门，以一种更具体的方法来面对领导的潜在风险。这将为更多向、更动态的管理形式打开大门，积极鼓励员工参与，并在整个过程中保持他们的参与。除了重塑该公司处理风险的方法外，它还将允许对风险进行更精确的计算。最后，最大的建议是提供一个有效反馈的途径，这样团队成员就有能力塑造项目，而不是作为被动的观察者。
References参考文献略
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