How to write a good argumentative essay「写作指南」
How to write a good argumentative essay？An argumentative essay is among the most popular writing assignments in college and university. It aims to improve student’s analytical thinking and critical reasoning skills. Compared to a personal essay, it can’t be based on your own feelings and experiences, as your actual task is to convince people that you are an expert on the subject. Ideally, an argumentative essay requires evidence from academic and scientific sources in order to sound convincing.This article provides you with relevant writing argumentative essay tips, steps and examples for your reference.
一．what are some good argumentative essay topics
Most teachers hand out argumentative essay topics to students. Sometimes, they provide an array of topics from which students can choose. However, some teachers allow students to flex their creative muscles and choose topics on their own. If you are left with the herculean task of selecting a fascinating essay topic, here are some tricks to help you come out unscathed.
大多数老师会给学生发议论文题目。有时，他们会提供一系列的主题供学生选择。然而，有些老师允许学生发挥他们的创造力，自己选择话题。如果你要选择一个吸引人的论文主题，这是一项艰巨的任务，这里有一些技巧可以帮助你毫发无损地完成。
1.Choose a topic that interests you
Regardless of the essay writing genre, always choose a topic that interests you. If you are into sports, look for sports-related argumentative essay topics. Selecting a topic that you don’t care about will always reflect in the paper’s quality. The entire argument will lack inspiration and passion.
Besides, writing on a topic that you find interesting helps you to explore the topic even more. It also reduces the amount of work needed to complete the assignment. So, always outline your interests when choosing a topic, and tailor your research to them.
2. Research hot-button issues
Another easy way to come up with a relevant topic is by addressing hot-button issues. For example, topics related to animal rights and climate change are the subject of debates in politics and even at dinner parties. As a result, you can find enough material to structure your argumentative essay.
Besides, controversy sells. Readers want a topic that will strike all the emotional chords for them. So, choosing a controversial topic piques the reader’s interest and earns you maximum points in your essay. Most importantly, focus on hot-button issues related to your field of study.
3. Search for trending topics
Trending topics are always a reliable go-to when you are struggling with creative ideas for your argumentative paper. By focusing on trending topics, you will come up with relevant issues for arguments. At the same time, you will fulfill the emotional aspect of argumentation since most trending issues are controversial.
Besides, writing about popular issues gives you access to enough materials. You can also select your topic from any form of media.
Here are some reliable sources for argumentative essay topics:
Books
Magazines
News
Internet forums (Medium, Quora, Twitter, etc.)
A common theme for argumentative essays is the current COVID pandemic and its effects on social interactions.
4. Find topics with arguable sides
When choosing essay topics, students often forget that they need to argue both sides. Therefore, the topic you choose must be arguable. In simpler terms, people should be able to look at it and agree or disagree instantly. Hence, the need to choose controversial topics for your argumentative essay.
For example:
“The earth is flat.”
No one (in their right mind) will argue with this assertion. And even if they do, no evidence can support this stance.
“Climate change will lead to armageddon.”
Now, this topic is debatable since scientists are conflicted about the long-term impacts of climate change.
5.Avoid broad topics
You might think that choosing broad topics provides you with more content for your argumentative essay. But the reverse is the case: broad topics extend the area you need to cover in your paper. And since you have a word count restriction, you can’t express your ideas to the best of your ability.
Therefore, choose a topic that provides you with enough material. Some topics make you think, “How am I supposed to find evidence to support that?”
Stay away from these ‘unresearchable’ argumentative topics.
二．how to write a good argumentative essay
Every outstanding argumentative essay relies on persuasion. You need to convince the reader that your opinion is the ultimate truth. However, false evidence and poor grammar affect the credibility of your claims. So, let’s consider some essential tips when writing a convincing argumentative paper.
1.Choose an arguable topic
If the teacher allows you to select your preferred topic, make sure you choose an issue with arguable sides. After all, an argumentative essay’s entire essence is to explore all the sides of the problem and confirm your viewpoint. So, look for topics that interest you and are relevant to your field of study.
2.Focus on controversial issues
Nobody wants to spend time reading a bland, uninspired essay. So, while searching for topics, focus on hot-button issues. But don’t choose controversial topics for kicks. Ensure that the topic is related to your field. Moreover, pay more attention to issues that ignite your passion. This emotional connection improves your argument and makes the paper more engaging.
没有人愿意花时间阅读一篇乏味、缺乏灵感的文章。所以，在搜索话题时，关注热点问题。但是不要选择有争议的话题来寻求刺激。确保主题与您的领域相关。此外，多关注那些能点燃你激情的事情。这种情感联系改善了你的论点，使论文更吸引人。
3.Take a stance you can support
When choosing an emotionally-charged topic, avoid those that are limited in scope. You don’t have to select the ‘progressive’ side of every argument. Identify your interests and beliefs and focus your opinions on them. By doing so, you will give yourself more wiggle room to express your ideas better.
4.Consider your audience
Writing an argumentative essay for your peers is different because you can use an informal and conversational style. But since your audience is the teacher, you can only use formal language. Therefore, adapt your writing style to your audience to earn higher marks. And as a rule, stay away from informal expressions in academic writing at all costs.
5.Gather convincing evidence
Personal experience and opinions have no place in argumentative writing, no matter how painful and convincing. Only evidence from authoritative sources is acceptable when supporting your claim. Therefore, your research should focus on academic material and resources from acclaimed authors. You can also rely on the works of recognized experts in the field to back your claims. Stay away from Wikipedia, Quora, and other open-source platforms.
个人经历和观点在议论文写作中是没有一席之地的，无论议论文写作多么痛苦和令人信服。当支持你的主张时，只有来自权威来源的证据是可接受的。因此，你的研究应该集中在学术材料和来自知名作家的资源。你也可以依靠该领域公认的专家的工作来支持你的观点。远离维基百科、Quora和其他开源平台。
6.Outline your essay
As you gather your points, arrange them into a framework for your essay. This technique helps you to develop a relevant outline for your paper without much stress. Besides, the outline forms the basis of your argumentative essay and saves you tons of hours spent on arranging your ideas. Eventually, this outline will help you come up with a preliminary draft.
7.Write a captivating title and intro
Why is a title essential when writing an argumentative essay? First of all, using a question title allows the reader to take a stance right away. And if the topic is emotionally-charged, you have your reader by the hook. And as far as hooks are concerned, use them in your essay. Add essay hooks in the introduction alongside a well-written thesis statement.
8.Mind the formatting
Every academic writing assignment follows a specified format. The only exception is narrative essays that feature personal accounts. When writing your argumentative essay, use the formatting style specified by the teacher. Remember that APA writing style needs an abstract, while the MLA doesn’t need one. If you don’t know the differences between writing formats, consult the official style guides for more clarity.
每个学术写作作业都遵循特定的格式。唯一的例外是以个人叙述为特色的记叙文。写议论文时，请使用老师指定的格式。记住，APA写作风格需要一个摘要，而MLA不需要。如果你不知道不同的写作格式之间的区别，请参考官方的风格指南。
9.Conclude by restating the thesis
The conclusion paragraph should always restate the thesis. For a more comprehensive conclusion, summarize every paragraph in the essay. Always be careful not to introduce any new ideas in the conclusion paragraph. And most importantly, keep it short and straight to the point.
10.End with a call to action
The last point in the conclusion should always call the reader to act on something. Since the point of an argument is to convince others that your opinion is the most logical, you should sign off by calling them over to your side. At the same time, you can highlight a moral lesson from the text.
11.Edit the final draft
Editing is the final frontier in any writing task. This stage of writing allows you to analyze your ideas and grammar. At the same time, you can adjust the writing structure or use a more impactful tone. When you are satisfied with the final draft, you can now submit your paper.
编辑是任何写作任务的最后边界。在写作的这个阶段，你可以分析自己的观点和语法。同时，你可以调整写作结构或使用更有影响力的语气。当你对终稿感到满意时，你现在就可以提交你的论文了。
三．argumentative essay thesis example
Prompt:The title of this essay is:Is Euthanasia Everybody’s Right?Euthanasia has become a controversial issue since ages and still, it contributes to the good, and civilised death through preventing unbearable pain and suffering.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous discussions over euthanasia have been going since ages among wellbeing experts. Euthanasia word originates from Greek and also widely known as willful extermination which means great passing or makes a finish of life effortless, shorting life in remarkable condition. Person’s perspective toward euthanasia is relied upon numerous conditions, for example, religious background, race, and so on. Euthanasia can be delegated active and passive. Active methods acquainting something with cause demise and passive methods retaining treatment or strong measures with the aim to cause passing. What’s more, the killing can be voluntary, involuntary and non-voluntary. In Voluntary willful extermination, suicide is pursued on-demand with doctor help. They don’t pursue the case including involuntary willful extermination, where the patient is able and not concurred for treatment. Non-voluntary willful extermination ordinarily known as kindness slaughtering is mostly think about when an individual is rationally impaired or has not to limit Wherever all through the world, a few kinds of willful extermination are performed from the old period. Right when killing comes in the type of authorization, it can make questionable exchange all around. Because of discussion over the euthanasia, sanctioning of killing is still under the procedure in specific nations, yet in some western nations it is legitimized. Despite the fact that euthanasia isn’t just about sick patients, it likewise incorporates their loved ones, therapeutic administrations specialists and the systems.
Right to die or right to live
Many theories have been proposed to explain the importance of the moral and ethical standards of human life in the health care system. As indicated by the moral standards of autonomy, the persistent decision is principal in proceeding or withholding his/her treatment and the caretaker who is lawfully answerable for the terminally ill person and thinks about its desires, may have the moral and lawful right to demand for termination of any treatment or mediations. As per research of Mehdola & L.Block (2016) in western countries, withdrawal of treatment is generally acknowledged for those suffering from incurable diseases as per patients’ wishes. Devroey et al (2013) also revealed the result of a study that was conducted on a person’s interest among candidate for taking opinion about patient’s rights in Belgium. In this study, 88% of participants agreed with voluntary death to end their life in case of incurable disease. Point of this research was to investigate awareness and opinion of a person’s right and the issues faced with her/ his fulfilment among the Belgian population. Euthanasia is generally characterized as ‘circumstances when on request of the patient, specialists purposely persuade the death of a somebody who is enduring from unbearable pain in some countries where euthanasia is legal. According to a review of research of Lo (2012) it is not acknowledgeable if a person is suffering from the terminally ill condition from a long time and there is no life to live than suffering. In such cases, continuity of medical treatment can increase suffering without any hope of life to live. Under firmly recommended conditions, deliberate killing or Assisted suicide is lawful in certain nations, for example, Netherland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Mexico, the United States and Switzerland. On other hand, Person’s life sacred and needs is to be protected at any price paying little heed to torment and enduring. A few social orders emphatically restrict willful extermination because of their religious and sociocultural standards. As per Hamarsheh and Mrayyan (2018) for instance, in Muslim nations, they accept that wilful extermination is in opposition to Islamic religion and its worth. Comparative perspectives exist in nations like Japan, Poland, Italy and Germany where life is considered as holly. Sinha, Sarkhel and Basu, (2012) here is presenting how intentionally killing can structure automatic or non-deliberate wilful extermination that is against the desire of the individual. We have to have clear strategies and severe laws because particular intentional killing structure automatic or non-deliberate wilful extermination. The vast majority of the nations on the planet are not in favour of legitimizing wilful extermination. In numerous nations helping the individual to end their life and is considered as murder. A large proportion of the countries in the world are against legalizing euthanasia. In many countries assisting the person to commit suicide will result in imprisonment and is considered as murder. For example, in Jordan, euthanasia is illegal even with the consent from the patient and family it is considered as a crime against human life. Robert Orfali (2011) communicated his stress over willful extermination that it tends to be utilized on poor people, handicapped and other defenceless individuals to chop down the medicinal costs. There is no standard to survey the psychological limit of the death’s door patient to cause agree and they can be compelled to go in this direction. Fragile older or terminally sick people are relying upon the individuals around them especially relative and wellbeing experts. In this circumstance, it is difficult to survey the basic leadership limit of the individual.
Theory of the Caputo (2015) revealed that It can be achieved by either intentionally giving some medication called active euthanasia or passively allowing to die patient by withholding treatment or taking away something they need to survive. Research of Lam, (2017) reflects on Peter Fitzsimons’ opinion about respect to willful extermination. Peter states that I will like to pass away peacefully at the age of 80 and he does not want to wait for unbearable pain. Peter says it is a privilege of a person to self-administering his own life that’s by his choice ought not to be viewed as wish or want. In opposing side review of Schafer (2013) deliberate willful extermination or helped suicide is illicit in Canada, both exhorting or helping the individual to carry out suicide is a criminal act in Canada. Both the places of parliament dismissed the bill, basically because of the dread about authorizing killing in a roundabout way will hurt powerless patients, handicapped and delicate older and it is difficult to shield them from misuse. Also, on the off chance that specialists are helping their patient for killing, at that point, they were abusing their expert duty as a wellbeing expert to advance the strength of the evil individual and diminish the mischief. This infringement of obligation imperils the trust connection among specialist and patient. The patient will lose their expectation towards human services experts.
Caputo的理论(2015)表明，它可以通过有意地给予一些被称为主动安乐死的药物，或通过拒绝治疗或拿走他们生存所需的东西来被动地允许死亡的病人。Lam的研究(2017)反映了Peter Fitzsimons关于尊重故意灭绝的观点。彼得说，我想在80岁的时候平静地去世，他不想等待难以忍受的痛苦。彼得说，自我管理自己的生活是一个人的特权，他的选择不应该被视为愿望或需要。在Schafer(2013)的反面审查中，蓄意的故意灭绝或帮助自杀在加拿大是非法的，无论是劝诱或帮助个人自杀在加拿大都是一种犯罪行为。两处议会都驳回了该法案，主要是因为担心以迂回的方式授权杀人会伤害到无力的病人、残疾人和脆弱的老年人，而且很难保护他们不被滥用。而且，怀着一线希望，专家们正在帮助他们的病人杀人，在那个时候，他们滥用了他们作为健康专家的专家职责来提升邪恶个体的力量，减少恶作剧。这种义务的违反危及专家和病人之间的信任关系。患者将失去对人类服务专家的期望。
Victoria is the main state to authorization killing in Australia. The Act comes in accomplishment from mid-2019. The Act comes in real life from mid-2019. But regions every one of the states was moving towards authorizing willful extermination. One more contextual investigation was reflected by Evans (2018) in which Kristine Klugman is a solid supporter of willful extermination and battles for regions rights to legalise killing because of her own experience. Kristine Klugman was determined to have cancer disease in 2011 after coming ACT in real life. For his situation, an operation was impossible because of physical quality and her age. Her illness returned after finishing chemo treatment. She says that treatment was long and excruciating on the off chance that anything turned out badly she would have taken her life. This is the main reason that she does not want individuals to have to go that far to decide to end. ((Pereira (2012) the information gathered from 58 out of 61 progressive cases getting doctor helped suicide counsel in 2009, in that 57 out of 59 doctors helped self-destructive passing were led by master helped self-destructive hall gathering. Information’s from these cases made vulnerability in objectiveness of the appraisal and melancholy of certain patients stayed undiscovered. The creator of the report expresses that, Oregon wellbeing office authoritatively communicated the dread in regards to decrease of solicitation for the mental appraisal for those getting treatment under death with pride Act. ))
Conclusion
In light of these discoveries and problems, supporters of euthanasia contend for the move made in killing is sympathetic and kind. Regarding the privileges of the patient to take choice with respect to his/her consideration and end their misery and agony. Then again, adversaries contend for the strict and profound parts of human life. In their view, the patient doesn’t reserve the privilege to take his own life. Life is to live in any condition and passing have a place with God. While this vital specialists and medical caretakers consistently in their workplace look circumstance. Here, medical attendants have a vital job and they can go about as a patient’s promoter and give the most ideal consideration to the patient dependent on moral standards. Legitimizing killing will have a significant effect on the general public. Along these lines, the arrangement creators or the legislature must think about each part of the nation’s populace before authorizing killing. Likewise, we need clear gauges and strategies with exacting laws to particular deliberate killing from euthanasia. The best thing is to elevate palliative consideration administrations to give most ideal administrations to the terminally ill patients. These administrations ought to be founded on their individual needs. Tuning in to the patients, tending to their needs and giving consideration might be useful. Hence, Advanced Care Directives are utilized in certain clinics and matured consideration offices. It is one method for regarding persistent decision in connection to their future.
An argumentative essay is one of the most challenging tasks that can be assigned by the student. It requires extensive thinking, analytical, and logical skills as there are many things to be considered. This type of written assignment requires more preparation and research than many other essay types. At the same time, the final result allows you to reveal your whole scope of research and writing competence.
议论文是学生布置的最具挑战性的任务之一。它需要广泛的思考，分析和逻辑能力，因为有很多事情要考虑。这种类型的书面作业需要更多的准备和研究比许多其他论文类型。同时，最终的结果可以让你展示你的整个研究范围和写作能力。
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