法国核工程dissertation代写之法国核电启示录-French nuclear power revelation

French nuclear power revelation（由代写留学生dissertation中心提供）
Use only half a century, the French nuclear power culture life of people implanted, and talk about side of nuclear power, many French people are like a free talk like that

A few years ago, a resident of the French Chinese journalists and French friends together play SIMcity. From China's development mode she start, familiar to cover building, fix the road, busy trying. France's friend, each other a DaJian come up nuclear power plants and thermal power plant, and then to the high-voltage grid is near the city, "first, power generation, to sell electricity to make money!" --so, rely on the economic development of nuclear power lead mode, would have hidden in French in the brain. This of course and French developed the nuclear power industry are inseparable.

Nuclear power firmly embedded into every aspect of social life

In France, nuclear power and the life of the ordinary people how close?

In early march this year, when Japan f island because of the earthquake in nuclear power plant nuclear leak crisis, the French first broadsheet le monde newspaper in the online reader information immediately solicitation, sorted out of representative speak, almost every section are beginning with the words: "my home, the distance from so-and-so nuclear power station, just a few kilometres away." The shortest distance, only 300 meters; A long, general also can't more than 50 kilometers. Some say, live in between two nuclear power plants, door every morning, "go to the north, see" when Pierre '(nuclear power station) the great chimneys, went to the east, it is?' belleville '(nuclear power station). But, I would have used to it." Some people said, was born in nuclear reactor side, and now moved to rhone valley, "but also a nuclear power station and the neighbor!" A reader this to say that in today's France, almost few residents living in a 200 km within can't find the place where the nuclear power station.

French nuclear security agency web site statistics show that at present the French with 19 nuclear plant, a total of 58 reactors in work, with the national about 80% of the power supply. In the world, the French nuclear total installed after the United States, but considering the United States from the 1980 s has been comprehensively to stop nuclear power plant construction and France has always been catch up, so that the world the kingdom is an nuclear power industry developed, nuclear power depends on the highest state, there is no doubt that roughly. The French have can't imagine, if one day suddenly without nuclear power, how to life-" cancel nuclear power? We dishwasher, washing machine, the dryer, rely on what work?" Since 1956 the first nuclear power plants put into use, France with half a century of time quietly finished energy type conversion, the nuclear power firmly embedded into every aspect of social life.#p#分页标题#e#

Nuclear power to the benefits of the French people, be clear at a glance. Because the operation cost is low, nuclear power price is only 60% of the electricity price traditional coal power, so the French have enjoyed Europe's most cheap electricity charges. Because the use of nuclear power, France would have realized the energy independence, this means that when winter comes, the transmission to Europe from Russia's natural gas supply for Russia and Ukraine (g LAN) dispute and suddenly, when more than less, the French can secure hiding in the warm house, and did not need to worry because "gas shortage" and AiDong. Because nuclear power plants all over France around the country, and so it will give local people provide lots of jobs that were some people as a "that laid the golden eggs chicken". In recent years, the French continue to insist on nuclear power development strategy, and use of the third generation of nuclear power technology of new nuclear plants start again and again, the future of technology to workers' needs, will no doubt in a straight line.

Also some benefits, is potential. Because the use of nuclear power, France greenhouse gas emissions is relatively low. A statistics show that to develop nuclear power that France less 345 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year, and the per kilowatt hour of carbon emissions is only 1/10 of the British or German. If say this is empty, so the following is really: France at present not only realize the energy independence, and "small have surpluses", each year, about 20% of the electricity to Italy, the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium-no wonder "sell electricity money" model of development so thorough popular feeling, let the French people will play SIMcity uncontrollably.

In March 2010, the French lead in Paris "international civil nuclear energy conference", calling out to international financial institutions to help energy shortage of national development of nuclear energy, high-profile French nuclear power technology promises in the open the door to other countries. The French so turned to want to sell nuclear power technology overseas, to make money, of course, or the hard truth.

In just half a century, the French government put nuclear power culture life of common people implanted, and talk about side of nuclear power, many French people are like a free talk like that: "we were brought up to learn and nuclear power relevant knowledge, for example once accident, how should we do." Life in nuclear power plants around them, from the relevant institutions will receive regular the printed booklet, tell you the nuclear accident emergency knowledge, they can also get free to drugstore tablets for one thousand. As the only nuclear power operator, the French electricity company every year about one hundred thousand people visit the organization around the nuclear power station, to eliminate people to nuclear power mystique and fear. Although there are still people doubt to nuclear power, but more people had not consciously accept the nuclear power station side: "don't hydropower is safe? If really earthquake, I'm actually more worried about in the overhead suspension dam."#p#分页标题#e#

Polls showed that in 1978, the French only 30% of respondents support nuclear power, to 2003 approval rating has risen to 52%. Japan leakage occurs after the crisis, the French le figaro properly with polls, in 10789 people investigated, up to 74.25% of people choose should continue to use of nuclear energy.

Careful nuclear strategy play a decisive role

Of course, the French nuclear power development today, the government's leading work played a decisive role.

In 1945, at the request of general Charles DE gaulle, French founded the atomic energy agency. The organization's first job is to develop the atomic bomb. Later, atomic energy agency research work of the civil field to gradually to tilt. Allegedly, the transformation is only in order to "let have been for a long time for his military plan benefits, and not just become will only eat the bottomless money". In 1956, the French build its first nuclear power plants. By 1972, the French have built four power plants, they constitute the use graphite gas-cooled reactor's first generation of nuclear power (now already all retired).

The last two oil crisis from France to the energy shortage of pain, prompted the government to make energy strategy: through the development of nuclear power, energy DuLiHua road walk. To achieve this goal, the French government made careful to deploy.

First is straighten out the system. The chernobyl nuclear power plant's mistake, from part of operation units and safety watchdog mixed together, operation units and their safety, France decided to develop nuclear power from the day will set the "double track" model of development: nuclear power operation over all the French electricity company to do, and the safety supervision under another independent agencies-the nuclear administration. To its credit, the French since then can according to nuclear power development situation, and constantly update nuclear energy development and supervision mechanism.

In 1991, the increase in the number of nuclear waste for rapid, France formed a completely independent radioactive waste administration (ANDRA), the radioactive waste (including medical and other occasions produce of nuclear waste) execute special long-term management. In 2006, according to the "nuclear transparent and nuclear security 2006-686, law (TSN method)" founded the new French nuclear security agency (ASN), overall supervision of the French civil nuclear production, in order to make "the public and the environment from the threat of nuclear production risk". Specific tell, nuclear security there are two major functions: first, to formulate relevant policies and regulations of nuclear power, nuclear power production and construction supervision; Second, regularly report to the public supervision. Nuclear security administration have their own magazines and official club website, published every year for a four hundred-page report, not only good news, will also suffer. Many in the inspection found in the safe hidden trouble, will not spare exposure to common people before.#p#分页标题#e#

Living in France, through the landing nuclear security administration web site at any time of the nuclear power station know their side. In April, 2007, the French in Nashville flnaders start the first third generation of nuclear reactor construction (EPR, Europe PWR), if we now on nuclear security agency web site, immediately can see related to this rich information. First is the project progress, Nashville flnaders unit 3 internal concrete casting work has been completed last year, the first layer metal protective bubble has also installed in place, such as steam pipe laying, other emergency shelter, cooling device project also will be in this year ending in succession. Over this period, the more detailed content and safety inspection of the. Careful people will find that with engineering draws to a close, nuclear security safety inspection is incredibly: 2007 is 8 times, 2008 years up to 14 times, 2009 years up to 24 times, not only to maintain this plan this year still frequency, and according to the actual situation of the many temporary tan30%. In the 2009 report, architects no holds barred points out: the construction of the violation of the operating rules been present behavior, timely correcting besides, they have decided to "enhance the inspection".

At the same time, nuclear security also listed to the public this year's check key: two-thirds in the technical level, mainly including circuit system, all kinds of civil engineering, and machine assembly; A third for management system, for example, a study of the site emergency management level, pay attention to the workers working conditions, and may even pay attention to use whether to conform to the safety norms crane...... In fact, in nuclear security inspection of unit 3, not only at the site can see content. For example, the use of unit 3 various cable directly from buyers, it will be necessary to these cable sampling inspection, make sure the site is in qualified products. These contents listed above, it is only a brief outline of the disclosure, the more detailed content in the annual report will further retrieval; Also, the inspection only to unit 3, Nashville, nuclear power station on the site staff more early construction in the no. 1 and 2 # unit, and the other has a follow-up inspection system at any time.

France has two hundred a variety of cheese, nuclear power units but only a kind of

The strict supervision procedure, transparent information mechanism, no matter whether the French completely voluntary, I'm afraid of the government's nuclear power has been difficult to strategic gossiping. But again, to make nuclear power production safer, cheaper and more convenient public life and industrial production, the government's layout does spend enough idea.

One is, the unity of French nuclear power is very strong. The 19 a nuclear power plant in active service listed a list out, can see the uniform: 1985 years ago put into production of a nuclear power plant operation 9 active service, all of the use of 900 megawatts (mw) pressure water reactor; Then again the nuclear power plant production, all of the same 1300 megawatts (mw) pressure water reactor (2000 and 2002 put in shultz, west walter two nuclear power plants, used as an exception, a bit respectively 1450 mw and 1495 mw PWR). All kinds of nuclear power stations, all belong to two nuclear power generation technology, combined with generator unification, the benefits of standardization is greatly saving management and operation cost and improve the safety factor. With this in mind, the French in oil prices to fall to turn over rising today, long-term stability and low civil and industrial electricity price, and let the other side of the American people admire: "although French cheese has two hundred a variety of, its nuclear power units but only a kind of!"#p#分页标题#e#

Another, because from the beginning is determined to develop nuclear power, nuclear power of the layout of the French are reasonable, the western coastal and inland river near the area, the nuclear power station will set pieces. The man is hostile nuclear power complaining about wherever collided head-on with nuclear power plants, but carefully cloth good nuclear power network also avoid long-distance, high power transmission cost and loss, this is cheap price of French keep important reasons.

Down, play shall not be

Often in the river walk, which have not wet shoes? France's nuclear power, it is not without problems.

Town albertville, is located in the Alps deep valley. Walk up along the slope, the air is fresh, and the lush, shepherd of the figure is everywhere. Long-term since, the villagers here by the gift of the environment, to France to provide only rely on natural grass and spring water of high quality feed cattle. In 1992, the albertville was held the 16 th Olympic winter games-but few know, here is the largest nuclear pollution French scandal occurred, even in place during winter games, pollution is still going on.

In 1984, a nuclear waste treatment plant in adjacent to the Iraq albertville moselle ground-broken river, but for France continuously improve nuclear waste incinerators standard, the nuclear waste treatment plant for processing power is low and pay attention, but 1995 called investors the conference turned down a local government reform proposals. At the same time, life in the albertville residents feel life quality decreased obviously, every night air will become pungent, the house often thick, black ash accrued. A spread disease survey report shows that local leukemia and sarcoma surge in patients. In October 2001, incineration plant emergency shut down, because pollutants have influence soil and mountain spring, forced to a large cattle slaughtered around the farm. Many local people to join a group called citizens struggle against pollution alliance "non-governmental organization, planning to get a statement for himself.

Albertville happened, for national strategy against nuclear power provided this excuse: maybe we began to do well, but as everyone to the nuclear power day after day habit, the government and the public will gradually lose should be vigilant and careful? Some worry that the, the nuclear power plant construction engineering subcontract is more and more, contracting chamber of commerce in order to hold down costs and will not ignore the quality?

Someone complain, anti-radiation exercise should be held regularly, but "since 1996 I moved here, one of these exercises are not meet". Others find, thoughtful guard against regulations into JuWen seems to gradually, the original often see knowledge from life quietly disappear in the manual, pharmacy will no longer supply the free of tablets, "we home tablets, but has been expired." More because someone suspect the government information open channel is not true, straight-tempered pre-emptive, active escape from nuclear power plants: "I and a recent nuclear power plants, and it has more than two hundred km distance."#p#分页标题#e#

But, the implementation of the years of nuclear strategy, how can disappear overnight in a clean? When f island of trouble nuclear power station, experts have called for in the newspaper for the people give up nuclear power calculate a pen XiZhang: if the transformation from now on for cleaner solar and wind energy, so the 2030 set to replace the goal of all nuclear power term (solar and wind power their respective share 50%), France at least to build 2000 square kilometers of photovoltaic panels (years progress 100 square kilometers), 3400 land wind generator (years progress 170 units) and 8400 sets of offshore wind generator (years progress 420 units).

The question is: is there enough French construction speed and construction land? Consider to nuclear power generating cost a lot higher than the, the idea is so not reality. As for the voluntary escape from nuclear power of man, a self-described have a self-sufficient life-living in the boat, collect all kinds of waste from the surrounding vineyard kept warm, by the simple life for himself to provide low power, but this kind of half life of Robinson type choice, let other people can't imitate.

法国核电启示录（由留学生dissertation代写中心提供）

仅用半个世纪， 法国就把核电文化植入百姓的生活，而谈起身边的核电， 很多法国人就像聊家常那样自在
几年前，一个常驻法国的中国记者和法国朋友在一起玩SIMcity。她从中国的发展模式出发，驾轻就熟地盖大楼，修马路，忙得不亦乐乎。轮到法国朋友了，对方一上来就大建核电站和火力发电厂，然后把高压电网通向临近的城市，“先发电，再卖电赚钱！”——原来，靠核电引领经济的发展模式，早就潜藏在法国人的大脑里。这当然和法国发达的核电工业密不可分。
核电牢牢嵌进社会生活每个层面
在法国，核电和普通人的生活到底有多密切？
今年3月初，当日本福岛核电站因为地震陷入核泄露危机的时候，法国第一大报《世界报》随即在网上征集读者信息，整理出来的代表性发言，几乎每段都用这样的话开头：“我的家，距离某某核电站只有几公里之遥。”距离最短的，只有300米；长一点的，一般也不会超过50公里。有人说，自己生活在两座核电站之间，每天早上出门，“向北走，看到‘当皮埃尔’（核电站）的巨大烟囱；往东呢，则是‘贝尔维尔’（核电站）。不过，我早就习惯了。”还有人说，自己就出生在核反应堆旁边，现在搬家到了罗讷河谷，“没想到又和一座核电站做了邻居！”一个读者言之凿凿地说，在今天的法国，几乎鲜有居民生活在方圆200公里以内找不到核电站的地方。
法国核安全局网站上的数据显示：目前法国共有19座核电站，总共58个反应堆在工作，提供全国80%左右的电力供应。在世界上，法国的核电装机总量仅次于美国，但是考虑到美国从上世纪80年代已经全面叫停核电站建设而法国一直迎头赶上，那么说法国是世界上核电工业最发达、对核电依赖程度最高的国家，大致是没有什么疑问的。法国人已经无法想象，假如有一天突然没有了核电，自己还怎么生活——“取消核电？我们的洗碗机、洗衣机、烘干机，靠什么工作？”自从1956年第一座核电站投入使用，法国用半个世纪的时间悄悄完成了能源类型转换，把核电牢牢嵌进社会生活的每个层面。#p#分页标题#e#
核电给法国人带来的好处，一目了然。因为运营成本低，核电电价仅是传统煤电电价的60%，所以法国人一直享受着欧洲最廉价的电费。因为大量使用核电，法国早就实现了能源独立，这就意味着每当寒冬来临、从俄罗斯传输到欧洲的天然气供应量因为俄乌（克兰）纠纷而忽多忽少的时候，法国人可以安心躲在温暖的屋里，完全不用担心因为“气荒”而挨冻。因为核电站遍布法国各地，所以它会给当地人提供大量就业机会，以至被某些人视为“一只会下金蛋的鸡”。最近几年，法国继续坚持核电发展战略，使用第三代核电技术的新核电厂一再开工，未来对技术工人的需求，无疑会直线上升。
还有些好处，是潜在的。因为大量使用核电，法国温室气体排放量相对较低。有统计数字表明，发展核电使法国每年少排放3.45亿吨二氧化碳，而其每千瓦小时的碳排放量仅是英国或者德国的1/10。假如说这还比较虚，那么下面的就很实在：法国目前不但实现能源独立，而且“小有盈余”，每年约有20%的电力输送到意大利、荷兰、德国和比利时——难怪“卖电赚钱”的发展模式如此深入人心，让法国人在玩SIMcity时都会不由自主。
2010年3月，法国牵头在巴黎举行“国际民用核能会议”，大声呼唤国际金融机构帮助能源短缺国家开发核能，高调承诺法国在核能发电技术上向其他国家敞开大门。法国如此起劲地想把核电技术推销到海外，赚钱当然还是硬道理。
仅仅用了半个世纪，法国政府就把核电文化植入老百姓的生活，而谈起身边的核电，很多法国人就像聊家常那样自在：“我们从小就学习与核电有关的各种知识，比如说一旦发生意外，我们应该怎么办。”生活在核电站周围的人，会从相关机构定期收到印刷精美的小册子，告诉大家有关核电事故的应急知识，他们也可以到药店领取免费碘片以备万一。作为法国惟一的核电运营商，法国电力公司每年组织大约十万人参观各地的核电站，借此消除人们对核电的神秘感和恐惧心理。尽管仍然有人对核电心存疑虑，但是更多的人早已不自觉地接受身边的核电站：“难道水电就安全吗？假如真的发生地震，我其实更担心悬在头顶的大坝。”
民意调查显示，1978年法国只有30%的被调查者支持核电，到2003年支持率已经攀升到52%。日本发生泄漏危机后，法国《费加罗报》适时推出民意测试，在接受调查的10789人中，高达74.25%的人选择应该继续利用核能。
周密的核能战略起到决定性作用
当然，法国核电发展到今天，政府的引领工作起到了决定性作用。
1945年，在戴高乐将军的授意下，法国成立了原子能署。这一机构的最初工作是研制原子弹。后来，原子能署的科研工作渐渐向民用领域倾斜。据称，这个转变仅仅是为了“让已经进行了很久的军用计划为自己捞回收益，而不致变成只会吃钱的无底洞”。1956年，法国建成自己的第一座核电站。到1972年，法国相继建成4座核电站，它们构成了使用石墨气冷反应堆的第一代核电（现已经全部退役）。#p#分页标题#e#
上世纪的两次石油危机让法国饱受能源短缺的痛苦，促使政府重新制定能源战略：通过开发核电，走能源独立化道路。为实现这个目标，法国政府做了周密部署。
首先是理顺体制。切尔诺贝利核电站的失误，一部分源自运营单位和安全监督机构混在一起，运营单位自己监督自己的安全，法国从决定发展核电的那天开始就制订了“双轨制”的发展模式：核电运营全部交给法国电力公司打理，而把安全监督划归另一个独立机构——核管理局。值得称道的是，法国此后还能根据核电发展情况，不断更新核能发展和监督机制。
1991年，因为核废料数量增长迅速，法国组建了完全独立的放射性废弃物管理局（ANDRA），对放射性废弃物（也包括医疗等其他场合产生的核废料）实行专项长效管理。2006年，根据“核透明与核安全第2006-686 号法令（TSN法）”成立了全新的法国核安全局（ASN），全面监督法国的民用核生产，以使“公众与环境免遭核生产风险的威胁”。具体讲，核安全局主要有两大功能：其一，制定与核能有关的政策法规，监督核电生产和建设；其二，定期向公众通报监管情况。核安全局有自己的杂志和官网，每年都要发表一份长达四百多页的年报，不光报喜，还会报忧。许多在检查中发现的安全隐患，会毫不留情地暴露在老百姓面前。
生活在法国的人，可以通过登陆核安全局网站随时了解自己身边的那个核电站。2007年4月，法国在弗拉芒维尔启动第一台第三代核反应堆建设（EPR，欧洲压水堆），假如我们现在登陆核安全局网站，立刻可以看到与此相关的丰富信息。首先是工程进展，弗拉芒维尔3号机组内部混凝土浇筑工作去年已经完成，第一层金属保护罩也已经安装到位，其他诸如蒸汽管道铺设、紧急避难所、冷却装置等工程，也将在今年陆续收尾。跳过这一段，更详细的内容和安全检查有关。细心人会发现随着工程接近尾声，核安全局的安全检查日渐繁密：2007年是8次，2008年上升为14次，2009年提高到24次，今年不但计划仍然保持这个频率，还要根据实际情况多次临时抽检。在2009年的报告里，撰写者毫不留情地指出：施工方多次出现违反操作规程的行为，及时纠正之外，他们已经决定“加大检查力度”。
同时，核安全局还向公众列出今年的检查重点：2/3针对技术层面，主要包括电路系统，各种土木工程，还有机器装配；1/3针对管理系统，比如说，考察工地的应急管理水平，关注工人的劳动条件，甚至可能留意到起重机使用是否符合安全规范……其实，核安全局针对3号机组的各类检查，并不局限在工地上能看到的内容。比如说，3号机组使用的种种电缆直接来自采购商，那么就有必要对这些电缆进行抽检，确保进入工地的都是合格产品。上面列举的这些内容，仅是简报披露的大纲，更详细的内容会在年报里进一步检索到；而且，这些检查仅仅针对3号机组，弗拉芒维尔核电站工地上更早动工的1号和2号机组，另有一套随时跟进的检查体系。#p#分页标题#e#
法国奶酪有两百多种，核电机组却只有一种
严格的监督程序，透明的信息机制，不管法国人是否完全自愿，恐怕已经难以对政府的核电战略说三道四。不过话又说回来，为让核电生产更安全、更便宜、更方便公众生活和工业生产，政府在布局上也确实花费了足够心思。
一个是，法国核电的统一性非常强。把19座现役核电站列一个单子出来，可以明显看到这种统一：1985年以前投产运行的9座现役核电站，全部使用900兆瓦压水反应堆；此后再投产的核电站，清一色的1300兆瓦压水反应堆（2000年和2002年投产的舒兹、西沃两座核电站有点破例，分别使用了1450兆瓦和1495兆瓦压水堆）。所有现役核电站，都属于二代核电技术，再加上发电机组高度统一，标准化的好处就是大大节省了管理和运营成本，提高了安全系数。有了这样的眼光，法国才能在油价翻着跟头往上涨的今天，长期保持稳定而低廉的民用和工业电价，同时让大洋彼岸的美国人羡慕不已：“别看法国的奶酪有两百多种，它的核电机组却只有一种！”
另一个，因为从一开始就下决心发展核电，法国核电的布局也非常合理，濒海的西部，还有内陆靠近河流的地区，都会布下核电站这颗棋子。敌视核电的人固然抱怨自己无论走到哪里都与核电站迎面相撞，但是精心布好的核电网络也避免了远距离、大功率传输的成本和损耗，这也是法国保持低廉电价的重要原因。
退堂鼓，打不得
常在河边走，哪有不湿鞋？法国的核电，绝非毫无问题。
小城阿尔贝维尔，坐落在阿尔卑斯山谷地深处。沿着山坡向上漫步，空气清新，绿草如茵，牧羊人的身影随处可见。长期以来，这里的山民靠着天赐的环境，向法国提供只依靠天然牧草和泉水喂大的优质牲畜。1992年，阿尔贝维尔还举办了第16届冬季奥运会——不过很少有人知道，这里竟是法国最大的核污染丑闻发生地，即使在冬奥会举办期间，污染仍在继续。
1984年，一座核废料处理厂在毗邻阿尔贝维尔的伊泽尔河畔破土动工，后来因为法国不断提高核废料焚化炉标准，这座核废料处理厂因为处理能力偏低而引起注意，但是1995年召开的投资方会议拒绝了地方政府的改造建议。与此同时，生活在阿尔贝维尔的居民感到生活质量明显下降，空气每到晚上会变得辛辣刺鼻，屋里常常积下厚厚的黑灰。一份流传病调查报告显示，当地白血病和肉瘤患者数量激增。2001年10月，处理厂焚化炉紧急关闭，因为污染物早已影响泥土和山泉，周围农场被迫大量宰杀牲畜。很多当地人加入到一个名叫“反对污染公民斗争联盟”的民间组织，打算为自己讨个说法。
阿尔贝维尔发生的事情，为反对国家核电战略的人提供了这样的口实：也许我们一开始做得很好，但是随着大家对核电一天天习惯，政府和公众会不会渐渐丧失应有的警惕和谨慎？有人担心，核电建设里工程转包越来越多，承包商会不会为了压低成本而忽略了质量？#p#分页标题#e#
有人抱怨，防辐射演习应该定期举行，但是“自从1996年我搬到这里，一次这样的演习都没遇到”。也有人发现，周到的防范条例似乎渐成具文，原来经常见到的知识手册从生活里悄悄消失，药店也不再供应免费的碘片，“我们家里的碘片，却早已过期了。”更有人因为怀疑政府信息公开渠道并不真实，索性先发制人，主动逃离核电站：“我和最近的一座核电站，也保持了两百公里以上距离。”
但是，执行了多年的核电战略，怎么可能在一夜间消失得干干净净？当福岛核电站麻烦不断的时候，专家已经在报纸上为呼吁放弃核电的人算了一笔细账：假使从现在开始转型为更清洁的太阳能和风能，那么把2030年设定为全部替代核电的目标期限（太阳能和风能各自分摊50%），法国至少要建2000平方公里的光伏电板（年进度100平方公里），3400台陆上风力发电机（年进度170台）和8400台海上风力发电机（年进度420台）。
问题在于：法国是否有足够的建设速度和建设用地？再考虑到高出核电很多的发电成本，这种想法就显得如此不现实。至于那个自愿逃离核电的老兄，自诩过着自给自足的生活——住在船上，从周围葡萄园收集各种废料烧火取暖，顺便为自己简单的生活提供微薄的电力，但是这种半鲁宾逊式的生活选择，让旁人实在难以效法。由留学生dissertation代写网中心提供