Literature Review怎么写？Write a Literature Review-怎么写Literature

Literature Review怎么写？Write a Literature Review-怎么写Literature Review呢？

1. Introduction
Not to be confused with a book review, a literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work. The purpose is to offer an overview of significant literature published on a topic.
2. Components
Similar to primary research, development of the literature review requires four stages:
四个阶段
• Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?
• 问题规划：正在研究的主题或者领域以及构成的问题
• Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored
• 文献搜索：找到搜索主题的相关材料
• Data evaluation—determining which literature makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the topic
• 数据评估：确定哪些文献对于主题的理解有重要的贡献
• Analysis and interpretation—discussing the findings and conclusions of pertinent literature
• 分析与说明：讨论调查结果以及相关文献的结论
Literature reviews should comprise the following elements:
文献综述应该包含四个要素
• An overview of the subject, issue or theory under consideration, along with the objectives of the literature review
• 主题、问题或者所考虑到的理论的概述，和文献综述的目标
• Division of works under review into categories (e.g. those in support of a particular position, those against, and those offering alternative theses entirely)
• 将著作分类（支持某个立场的，反对某个立场的，还有两者皆同意的）
• Explanation of how each work is similar to and how it varies from the others
• 阐释每一本著作与其他著作的相似和相同之处
• Conclusions as to which pieces are best considered in their argument, are most convincing of their opinions, and make the greatest contribution to the understanding and development of their area of research
• 得出结论，关于在讨论中哪部分最好，最有说服力，对于研究领域的理解和发展做出的贡献最大
In assessing each piece, consideration should be given to:
评价每一部分，应该考虑到：
• Provenance—What are the author's credentials? Are the author's arguments supported by evidence (e.g. primary historical material, case studies, narratives, statistics, recent scientific findings)?
• 出处：作者的资格？作者的论证是否有证据来支持（如基本史料、个案研究、叙述统计、最近的科学发现）？
• Objectivity—Is the author's perspective even-handed or prejudicial? Is contrary data considered or is certain pertinent information ignored to prove the author's point? #p#分页标题#e#
• 客观性：作者的观点是否公正或存在偏见？有没有相反的数据？忽略了某些相关的信息来证明作者的观点吗？
• Persuasiveness—Which of the author's theses are most/least convincing?
• 说服力：作者的那个论题最或最不令人信服？
• Value—Are the author's arguments and conclusions convincing? Does the work ultimately contribute in any significant way to an understanding of the subject?
• 价值：作者的论证和结论是否有说服力？著作最终是否对理解主题有任何重要贡献？

3. Definition and Use/Purpose
A literature review may constitute an essential chapter of a thesis or dissertation, or may be a self-contained review of writings on a subject. In either case, its purpose is to:
文献综述可能会设立一个必不可少的论题章节，或者是独立的综述。任何一种情况，目的都在于：
• Place each work in the context of its contribution to the understanding of the subject under review
• 将每部著作放置于其理解主题的贡献的背景中
• Describe the relationship of each work to the others under consideration
• 描述每部著作与考虑到的其他著作的关系
• Identify new ways to interpret, and shed light on any gaps in, previous research
• 认同阐述的新方式，清楚显示出之前研究的任何缺陷
• Resolve conflicts amongst seemingly contradictory previous studies
• 解决表面看上去互相矛盾的先前的研究之间的冲突
• Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication of effort
• Literature Review怎么写？Write a Literature Review-怎么写Literature Review呢？
• Point the way forward for further research
• 指出进一步研究的方向
• Place one's original work (in the case of theses or dissertations) in the context of existing literature
• 在现有的文献的背景中列出某人的原著（关于论题或者dissertation）
The literature review itself, however, does not present new primary scholarship.
文献综述不列出最基本的知识。